In several cases of late it has been ascertained with certainty that tape-worms and ascarides exist sometimes in parrots as well as in other birds. The former I have myself found and the latter have been sent to me. No researches have been made either as to the kinds of parasitical intestinal worm from which parrots suffer, nor as to their transmission by contagion. It would also be superfluous to give the symptoms caused by their presence, for emaciation, etc, may be produced also by other unhealthy conditions. The only certain test of the existence of these parasites is to notice if they are present in the excrement. Zurn recommends as a remedy fresh gourd kernels, which certainly the parrots like to eat, and fresh arecanuts (6). As to the latter, however, I can say nothing. I advise pure linseed oil (it must not be dirty, rancid or otherwise spoilt) to be given to the affected parrot in doses of one teaspoonful every morning and evening, and in some cases even three times a day. The same advice applies in all other cases of intestinal worms.

Emaciation or Atrophy is in itself no disease, but only a symptom of other disorders, sometimes only the result of some disturbance of the digestion, but usually arises from disease of the digestive or breathing organs, or other part, as from inflammation or suppuration of the glands of the vent. The remedy lies, therefore, in the discovery and alleviation of the cause.

Choking and Vomiting are seen in several conditions of disease, and can only be cured by their removal. However, vomiting often occurs with the large parrots merely from mental excitement, fright, anxiety, etc., and may have but little significance, being only a passing attack. It also occurs when the stomach is overloaded, or after indigestible food has been eaten; but even then it is mostly without danger.