1. The use of the girt, because it permits the location of the second-floor windows at any point irrespective of the first-floor windows. This cannot be done when a ribbon-board is used, for this requires studs which extend continuously from sill to plate, and if any windows are to be located on the second floor, they must be placed directly over those on the first floor. The ribbon-board does not act as a stop for either vermin or fire, as does the girt. However, fire-stops can be introduced in connection with the ribbon-board, if the extra expense is no hindrance.

TYPICAL FRAMlNG ELEVATION OF "WAR H0USES".

2. The use of the sill, because it serves as a firm foundation for the outside studs and first tier of floor-joists. The balloon-frame has no sill, for the floor-joists are set directly upon the top of the foundation-wall, and the exterior studs are built on top of them.

3. The use of the corner braces, because they stiffen the frame.