Description

This section is from the book "Safe Building", by Louis De Coppet Berg. Also available from Amazon: Code Check: An Illustrated Guide to Building a Safe House.

Table IV. Strength Of Materials Per Square Inch

WOODS.				Compression.		Tension.		Shearing.				Modulus of Rupture.		Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
WOODS.				Ultimate c	Safe c/f	Ultimate t	Safe t/f	Ultimate g or g1			Safe g/f or g1/f	Ultimate k	Safe k/f	Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
Acacia............				____________	___	11000	1100	___			- -	7000	1400	1150000	48
Alder.......................				6000	700	9500	1000	_ - - _			- -	4000	800	800000	38
Apple.............				___	___	13000	1300	___			- -	4500	900	- -	50
Ash, English..........				8000	800	10500	1000	___			- -	7800	1300	1200000	48
,,	American.........			8000	800	11000	1100	g1	=	650	65	8000	1350	1250000	40
,,	,,	across........		2060	200	___	___	g	=	6000	600	- -	-	- -	___
,,	Canadian..............			5000	500	6500	650	g1	=	1400	140	5000	850	1000000	38
Bamboo...........				___	___	6000	600	___			- -	- -	___	___	25
Baywood..........				7200	720	10500	1000	___			- -	- -	- -	___	- -
Beech............				8000	800	8000	800	g	=	5000	500	6000	1000	1350000	48
Birch, English.........				5000	500	10000	1000	___			- -	6000	1000	1250000	47
,,	American...........			8500	850	10000	1000	g1	=	650	65	5800	950	1300000	43
,,		,,	across.......	1800	180	___	___		=	5t,00	550	- -	- -	- -	- -
Box...........				10000	1000	15000	1500	___			- -	7500	1250	2000000	62
Cendar........				6000	600	8000	800	___			- -	7000	800	500000	41
",,	across........			1950	200	___	___	g	=	1400	140	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cherry...........				8000	800	___	___	___			- -	4500	900	1200000	40
,,	across.........			2400	240	___	___	g	=	2900	290	- -	- -	- -	- -
Chestnut, American.........				5300	530	8500	850	g1	=	700	70	5400	900	750000	41
,,		,,	across....	840	84	___	___	g	=	1500	150	___	- -	___	- -
,,		English..........		___	___	10000	1000	___			- -	8000	800	1000000	38
Crab ..............				6800	680	___	___	___			- -	4500	750	- -	___
Deal ................				6000	600	8500	850	g1	=	625	60	4800	800	- -	30
Ebony.............				18000	1800	18000	1800	g	=	7500	750	18000	2000	- -	76
Elde..................				8700	870	10000	1000	___			- -	4500	900	- -	43
Elm, English..........				8000	800	8000	800	g1	=	1200	120	5000	800	700000	35
,,	,,	accoss...........		___	___	___	___	g	=	3000	300	- -	-	___	- -
,,	Canadian..................			8500	850	9000	900	g1	=	1400	140	9000	900	2000000	47
,,	,,	across.........		___	___	___	___	g	=	5000	500	- -	- -	- -	- -
Fir, Riga............				6000	600	7500	750	___			___	7000	700	870000	40
",,	New Ingland.............			6700	670	7500	750	g1	=	690	70	4000	800	l1000000	40
,,	,,	across..............		1200	120	690	70	___			___	- -	- -	- -	- -

WOODS.					Compression.		Tension.		Shearing.				Modulus of Rupture.		Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
WOODS.					Ultimate c	Safe c/f	Ultimate t	Safe t/f	Ultimate g or g1			Safe g/f or g1	Ultimate k	Safe k/f	Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
Greenheart........					13000	1300	8000	800	__			-	9500	950	1500000	65
Gum..........					7000	700	10500	1000	5900			600	6000	900	1400000	62
Hazel............					__	-	12000	1200	__			-	-	-	-	___
Hawthorn.........					__	-	7500	750	____			-	-	-	-	-
Hemtock..........					4500	450	7000	700	g1	=	500	50	4500	750	800000	26
,,	across..............				600	60	550	55	g	=	2750	275	___	___	___	___
Hickory, American..........					9500	1000	10000	1000	___			__	8000	1000	1100000	50
,,	,,		across.....		3000	300	__	__	g	=	6500	650	___	___	___	___
Holly.............					5250	6-'5	10500	1000	___			-	4500	900	-	-
Horn beam............					6000	660	14000	1400	-			-	6000	1000	750000	47
Jugeb.........					__	-	12500	1250	-			-		___	___	___
Lancewood........					-	-	18000	1800	-			-	-	-	___	52
Larch...............					4500	450	7000	700	g1	=	1300	130	5500	700	1000000	35
,,	across........				1300	130	1300	130	g	=	3000	300	-	___	__	___
Lignum-vitae..........					9900	1000	10000	1000	___			___	8000	1000	___	___
Locust, American.........					10000	1000	12000	1200	g1	=	1150	120	10000	1100	1500000	46
,,	,,		across......		3000	300	-	__	g	=	7200	720			___	___
Mahogany ..............					8200	820	11000	1100	_______			___	6000	1000 '	1200000	43
,,	across.........				2400	240	__	__	-			-	__	-	___	-
Maple...........					6500	650	8000	800	g1	=	450	45	7000	700	877000	45
,,	across.............				1875	200	-	__	g	=	6000	600		___	___	___
Oak, American, Red.......					6000	600	8000	800	g1	=	750	75	6500	800	1200000	52
,,	,,		White.........		7200	720	11000	1100	g1	=	800	80	7200	1100	900000	52
,,	,,		,,	across	2400	240	2300	230	g	=	4400	440	-	___	__	-
,,	Black bog.......				-	-	7700	770	___			-	-	__	__	-
,,	Canadian........				6000	600	7500	750	__			___	7000	750	___	54
,,	Dantzic...........				7500	750	6000	600	g	=	2300	230	6000	800	1105000	47
,,	English...........				8300	830	12000	1200	g1	=	2316	230	6S00	1100	873000	54
,,	,,	across.........			1800	200	2400	240	g1	=	4000	400	___	___	___	___
,,	Live.........				6850	700	11000	1100	g1	=	700	70	7300	1100	___	69
,,	,,	across............			4500	450	-	__	g	=	8500	850	___	___	-	___

WOODS.				Compression.		Tension.		Sliearing.				Modulus of Rupture.		Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
WOODS.				Ultimate c	Safe c/f	Ultimate t	Safe t/f	Ultimate g or g1			Safe g/forg1/f	Ultimate k	Safe k/f	Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
Pear.............				7500	750	8000	800	-			-	3400	700	800000	42
Pine, American yellow........				5400	640	9000	900	-			-	6000	800	1100000	34
,,	,,	"	across	-	-	-	-	g	=	4800	500	-	-	__	_ _
,,	,,	red .........		6500	650	9000	900	g1	=	650	63	6100	800	900000	36
,,	,,	white......		6500	550	9000	900	g1	=	450	45	4000	900	850000	28
,,	,,	,,	across	700	70	550	60	g	=	2500	250	-	-	__	___
,,	Canadian yellow........			6300	530	6000	600	g1	=	350	40	4800	600	1000000	33
,,	,,	,,	across.	1425	150	___ -	-	g	=	4300	430	-	-		-
Pine, Georgia yellow........				7400	750	12000	1200	g1	=	600	50	7200	1200	1200000	48
,,	Georgia Yellow across			1850	200	_	___	g	=	5700	570	___	_	__	__
,,	Pitch........			8000	900	10000	1000	g1	=	510	50	6600	1000	1225000	65
,,	,,	across........		__	-	-	-	g	=	5000	500	-	-	___	__
Plum........				9000	900	8000	800				-	7000	900	__	45
Poon.........				__	-	9000	900	-			-	8000	900	160000	__
Poplar (white wood)...........				5000	600	5500	550	g1	=	400	40	4500	600	762000	27
,,	across........			1000	100	1800	180	g	=	4400	440	-	-	___	__
Redwood, California..........				6000	600	7300	750				-	4500	750	___	23
Spruee.....................				6500	650	10000	1000	g1	=	400	40	4400	1000	850000	30
,,	across...........			750	75	650	60	g	=	3600	360	-	_	___	-
Syceamore.............				8100	810	10000	1000	-			-	6000	1000	1000000	40
Teak.................				12000	1200	14000	1400	-			-	8000	1300	1400000	46
Walnut............				7000	700	8000	800	-			-	5500	800	900000	39
,,	across.........			2100	210	-	-	9	=	4000	400	-	__	__	39
Willow............				6000	600	8500	850	-			-	4500	800	566000	25
Yew............				-	-	6000	600	-			-	7000	700	__	50

METALS.				Compression.		Tension.		Shearing.		Modulus of Rupture.		Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
METALS.				Ultimate c	Safe c/f	Ultimate t	Safe t/f	Ultimate g or g1	Safe g/f or g1	Ultimate k	Safe k/f	Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
Aluminium bronze......				130000	25000	73000	12000	-	-	-	-	-	-
Antimony, cast..........				-	-	1100	200	-	-	-	-	-	418
Bismuth.............				-	-	3200	500	-	-	-	-	-	614
Brass, yellow, cast.......				80000	8000	28000	4500	37000	0000	20000	5000	9000000	506
,,				-	-	80000	8000	-	-	-	-	14000000	530
,,	,,	annealed..........		-	-	50000	5000	-	-	-	-	-	-
Bronze, gun-metal.............				120000	25000	32000	8000	-	-	53000	12500	10000000	529
,,	wire, unannealed.........			-	-	150000	30000	-	-	-	-	10000000	520
,,	,,	annealed..........		-	-	63000	13000	-	-	-	-	-	-
Copper, pure cast............				117000	25000	30000	10000	33000	11000	22000	7000	10000000	543
,,	cast........			-	-	25000	8000	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	sheet wrought........			103000	21000	31000	11000	-	-	-	-	15000000	556
,,	wire, unannealed.......			-	-	63000	20000	-	-	-	-	18000000	-
,,	,,	annealed............		-	-	36000	12000	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	bolts.........			-	-	32000	11000	-	-	-	-	-	556
Gold, cast.......				-	-	20000	5000	-	-	-	-	-	1204
,,	wire, unannealed..........			-	-	30000	7500	-	- .	-	-	-	1217
,,	,,	annealed...........		-	-	5000	1250	-	-	_	-	-	-
Iron, cast, Am,, 1" thick...				85000	15000	16500	2500	18000	2500	40000	5000	15000000	454
,,	,,	English..........		70000	13000	13000	2000	14000	2000	30000	4000	12000000	450
,,	wrought, American..			47000	12000	50000	12000	40000	8000	40000	120 0	27000000	483
,,	,,	English..........		35000	9000	45000	11000	30000	7000	31000	10000	260000000	480
,,	corrugated............			-	-	-	-	-	-	40000	10000	-	-
,,	wire ropes, unannealed..			-	-	80000	20000	-	-	-	-	25300000	480
,,	,,	"	annealed.....	-	-	50000	12000	-	-	-	-	15000000	-
,,	chains.............			-	-	35000	9000	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	welded with steel, 5 ply..			-	-	55500	14000	-	-	-	-	-	-

METALS.				Compression.		Tension.		Shearing.		Modulus of Rupture.		Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
METALS.				Ultimate c	Safe c/f	Ultimate t	Safe t/f	Ultimate g or g1	Safe g/f or g1/f	Ultimate k	Safe k/f	Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
Lead, sheet ........				-	-	2500	500	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	cast.....			7700	1200	2000	400	-	-	-	-	720000	712
,,	drawn pipe.......			-	-	1700	350	-	-	-	-	-	709
,,	wire.....			-	-	1400	300	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mercury at 32o ............				-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	851
Nickel.......				-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	488
Palladium, wire				-	-	50000	10000	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,		drawn........		-	-	26000	5200	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,		annealed...........		-	-	7100	1500	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pewter.........				-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	453
Platinum, wire, unannealed...				-	-	55000	11000	-		-	-	-	1360
,,		,,	annealed.....	-	-	25000	5000	-	-	-	-	-	1379
Plumbago..........				-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	142
Silver, cast......				-	-	41000	8000	-	-	-	-	-	655
,,	annealed.........			-	-	4300	900	-	-	-	-	-	658
,,	wire, unannealed........			-	-	38000	7600	-		-		-	-
Solder, soft.....................				-	-	7500	1200	-	-	-	-	-	-
Steel. American, wrought.				90000	15000	108000	18000	75000	12000	100000	16000	20000000	488
,,	English ...................			-	-	95000	15000	65000	10000	80000	13000	28000000	490
,,	wire, unannealed........			-	-	160000	25000	-	-	-	-	-	490
,,	,,	annealed..............		-	-	80000	13000	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	rope, galvanized............			-	-	6700	1200	-	-	-	-	-	-
	chains...........			-	-	42000	8500	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	cast..............			150000	25000	85000	15000	57000	10000	125000	15000	30000000	-
,,	welded hard & soft, 5 ply			-	-	63300	15000	-		-	-	-	-
Tin, cast...........				15500	2500	5500	1000	-	-	4000	1000	4000000	462
,,	wire..................			-	-	7000	1200	-	-	-	-	-	-

METALS.		Compression.		Tension.		Shearing.		Modulus of Rupture.		Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
METALS.		Ultimate c	Safe c/f	Ultimate t	Safe t/f	Ultimate g or g1	Safe g/f or g1/f	Ultimate k	Safe k/f	Modulus of Elasticity. e	Weight per Cubic ft.
Zinc.........		-	-	12000	2000	-	-	-	-	13500000	449
,,	wire........	-	-	20000	3300	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	cast........	40000	7000	3300	600	-	-	7500	1200	-	438
MISCELLANEOUS.
Bone.......		-	-	5000	500	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cement, Portland.........		3000	300	500	50	-	-	900	90	800000	81
Glass, common green......		28000	1500	2850	300	-	-	4000	400	8000000	173
,,	crystal........	17000	1000	2413	240	-	-	-	-	5800000	157
,,	flint.......	25000	1400	2300	230	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	white crown.....	30000	1000	2500	250	-	-	-	-	-	-
,,	plate.........	-	-	5000	500	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ice, 32°.............		230	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	6000000	57
Ivory.........		-	-	16000	1600	-	-	-	-	-	114
Limestone.........		7000	700	1000	100	-	-	1500	150	3300000	146
Marble, Itlaian.........		12000	1200	700	70	-	-	2080	200	2500000	168
Mortar, lime..........		400	100	50	5	-	-	125	12	1285000	98
,,	Portland cement......	2000	200	300	30	-	-	700	70	600000	109
Ox leather...........		-	-	4200	400	-	-	-	-	240000	-
Portland stone........		3500	350	900	90	-	-	1530	150	1600000	146
Silk fibre..........		-	-	5200	520	-	-	-	-	1300000	-
Skin ox undressed..........		-	-	6300	600	-	-	-	-	-	-
Slate..............		11000	1100	10000	800	-	-	5000	500	12000000	160
Ropes, hempen.......		-	-	8000	800	-	-	-	-	-	-
Whalebone.............		-	-	7700	770	-	-	-	-	820000	81
Yarn, flaxen............		-	-	25000	1500	-	-	-	-	-	-

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		Table IV. Strength Of Materials Per Square Inch

Table IV. Strength Of Materials Per Square Inch

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Table IV. Strength Of Materials Per Square Inch

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