This section is from the book "Complete Self-Instructing Library Of Practical Photography", by J. B. Schriever. Also available from Amazon: Complete Self-Instructing Library Of Practical Photography.
The Acid Chrome-Alum Fixing Bath. Experience has taught us that negatives obtained with an alkaline developer are best fixed in a fixing bath having an acid reaction. We cannot urge too strongly upon our patrons the use of our acid chrome - alum fixing bath throughout the year; it has the following advantages over the ordinary fixing bath:
No. 1. In use, it remains clear.
No. 2. Negatives fixed in it give a uniformly favorable color for printing, free from spots, streaks and stains.
No. 3. It hardens the film of the negative, producing quicker drying and preventing excessive intensity incident to slow drying in a hot room. This is an advantage not to be overlooked in warm weather.
No. 4. It instantly arrests development.
See formula under title, Fixing, paragraph 802.
Pyro And Potash. (By Hydrometer.)
No. 1 Solution.
Sodium Sulphite testing sixty degrees.
No. 2 Solution.
Potassium Carbonate testing thirty degrees.
No. 3 Solution. | |
English Weights and Measure. | Metric Weights and Measure. |
16 ounces of Pure water........... | .or 480 c. c. |
15 grains of Oxalic Acid.......... | .or 1 gramme |
1 ounce of Pyrogallic Acid .. | or 30 grammes |
To Develop, Take: | |
1 ounce of Solution No. 1........... | .or 30 c.c |
1 ounce of Solution No. 2........... | .or 30 c.c. |
1/2 ounce of Solution No. 3 .......... | .or 15 c.c. |
8 ounces of water.................... | or 240 c.c. |
When solutions are made up by hydrometer, the temperature must be taken into consideration; for if the hydrometer is used to test the same solution at different temperatures, there will be a difference in the reading of the hydrometer scale.
No. 1 Sodium Sulphite, hydrometer test sixty degrees.
No. 2 Sodium Carbonate, hydrometer test thirty degrees.
To Make No. 3, Take . | |
English Weights and Measure. | Metric Weights and Measure. |
12 ounces of No.1 | or 360 c.c |
And to this add - | |
2 ounces of Sulphurous Acid........., | or 60 c.c. |
Then add - | |
1 ounce Pyrogallic Acid | ..or 30 c.c. |
Lastly add - | |
1 ounce Pure Glycerine | or 30 c.c. |
To Develop, Take: | |
2 ounces of Solution No.1 | . . .or 60 c.c. |
2 ounces of Solution No.2 | or 60 c.c |
1 ounce of Solution No.3 | .. .or 30 c.c. |
8 to 12 ounces of Pure water ......... | . . .or 240 to 360 c.c. |
In warm weather use more water, in cold weather less. |
("This is a good developer; some think it has no equal." - Eppert.)
No. 1 | |
.testing sixty degrees |
No. 2 | |
Is made by mixing together equal quantities of: | |
Carbonate od Sida | . .testing sixty degrees |
Carbonate of Pitash | testing sixty degrees |
No. 3 | |
Water | 11 ounces |
Pyro | ......... 1/2 ounce |
Metol.......................... | ......... 120 grains |
Tolidol......................... | 120 grains |
......... 60 grains | |
1 ounce of No. 1 (sulphite testing sixty degrees). |
To Develop, Take: | |
Water........... .......... | 6 to 10 ounces |
No. 1....................... | 1/2 ounce |
No.2 | 1/2 ounce |
No.3 | 2 to 4 drams. |
During the warm weather leave out the carbonate of soda in No. 2, using the carbonate of potash (testing sixty degrees by hydrometer ) alone.
779. Metol and Hydroquinone Developer.
No. 1 | |
English Weights and Measure. | Metric Weights and Measure. |
80 ounces of Pure hot water......... | .or 2400 c.c. |
1 ounce of Metol................... | .or 30 grammes |
1/8 ounce of Hydroquinone.......... | .or 4 grammes |
6 ounces of Sulphite of Soda (cryst.) | or 180 grammes |
No. 2 | |
80 ounces of pure water....... ...... | or 2400 c.c. |
5 ounces of Carbonate of soda (cryst.) | or 150 grammes |
To Develop, Take : | |
2 ounces of Pure water...... | or 60 c.c. |
I ounce of Solution No. 1. . . | or 30 c.c. |
1 ounce of Solution No. 2 ... | or 30 c.c. |
For those who wish to make only a small quantity of developer, the following formula will answer:
No. 1 | |
English Weights and Measures. | Metric Weights and Measures. |
8 ounces of Pure water............ | or 240 c.c. |
150 grains of Sulphite of soda (cryst.) | or 10 grammes |
60 grains Eikonogen............... | or 4 grammes |
8 grains Hydroquinone............ | or 1/2 gramme |
No. 2 | |
8 ounces Pure water.............. | .or 240 c.c. |
150 grains Carbonate of Potash (dry) | or 10 grammes |
To Develop, Take: | |
2 ounces of Solution No. 1......... | .or 60 c.c. |
1 ounce of Solution No. 2......... | or 30 c.c. |
Can be used repeatedly until exhausted.
780. Eikonogen - Hydroquinone Developer.
As used on Hammer Plates by prominent photographers.
No. 1 | |
English Weights and Measures. | Metric Weights and Measures. |
64 ounces of pure water | ..or 1920 C. C. |
1 ounce of Eikonogen.................. | or 30 grammes |
1/8 ounce of Hydroquinone | , .or 4 grammes |
21/2 ounces of Sulphite of Soda (cryst.). . | or 75 grammes |
No. 2 | |
64 ounces of Pure water | or 1920 c.c. |
21/2 ounces of Carbonate of Potash, (dry) | or 75 grammes |
To Develop, Take : | |
2 ounces of Solution No.1 | or 60 c. c. |
1 ounce of Solution No.2 | .or 30 c. c. |
And old developer (solution previously used) in sufficient quantity to produce best results.
No. 1 | |
English Weights and Measures. | Metric Weights and Measures. |
57 ounces of Pure water | . . .Or 1710 C C. |
2 1/2 ounces of Sulphite of soda (cryst.). | ...or 75 grammes |
1 ounce of Metol | or 30 grammes |
No. 2 | |
57 ounces of Pure water | . .or 1710 c. c. |
21/2 ounces of Sulphite of Soda (cryst.). | or 75 grammes |
1/4 ounce of Pyrogallic Acid | or 8 grammes |
No. 3 | |
57 ounces of Pure water | . or 1710 c. c. |
2 1/2 ounces of Carbonate of Potash..... | or 75 grammes |
To Develop, Take: | |
3 ounces of Pure water | or 90 c.c. |
1 ounce of Solution No. 1............. | or 30 c.c |
1 ouce of Solution No.2 | or 30 c.c. |
1 ounce of Solution No.3 | or 30 c.c. |
This developer may be used repeatedly, by adding a little fresh developer as required.
Keep the used developer in a separate bottle. It combines the desirable qualities of metol and pyro, and gives an ideal negative.
782. Another Pyro - Metol Developer.
No. 1 | |
English Weights and Measures. | Metric Weights and Measures. |
27 ounces of water | or 810 c.c. |
1 ounce pf Pyro | or 30 grammes |
60 grains of Metol ............. | or 4 grammes |
No. 2 | |
Carbonate of Soda....... ....... | Testing forty degrees. |
No. 3 | |
Sulphite of Soda | . . .Testing seventy to eighty degrees. |
For use, take I ounce each of No. I, No. 2 and No. 3, in 8 to 12 ounces of water, or 30 c. c. each of No. I, No. 2 and No. 3, in 240 to 360 c. c. of water.
 
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