The fact that the benefits which are assigned have not yet accrued, and that the assignor has not performed the contract on his part when he makes the assignment, does not prevent the assignment from being valid, at least in equity.1 Thus a street contractor may assign his interest in warrants to be issued to him.2 In the absence of a specific statutory provision forbidding it, an employe may assign wages not yet earned under a subsisting contract of private employment,3 even if such contract is not for any definite period and is terminable at will.4 Whether such assignment passes such an interest in unearned wages that the bankruptcy of the assignor does not affect the assignment as to wages not earned at the time of the bankruptcy, is a question upon which there is a conflict of authority.5 An assignment of future earnings at a certain employment or trade, has been treated as an assignment of wages under an existing contract of employment; and as such it has been upheld.6 An assignment of such future wages is not rendered invalid by a statute which makes wages exempt from execution.7 In some jurisdictions statutes have been enacted which specifically forbid the assignment of wages to be earned in the future. Such statutes are valid and constitutional.8 Such a statute does not apply to an assignment by a contractor of money which has been substantially earned on a contract.9 A statute which forbids an assignment of future wages, except for necessaries, renders invalid an assignment of future wages for "value received."10

18 Illinois. Moore v. Gariglietti, 22S 111. 143, 81 N. E. 826.

Kentucky. Baker v. Smith (Ky.), 61 S. W. 1014.

Kansas. Nieschburg v. Nothern, 101 Kan. 110, 166 Pac. 867.

Oklahoma. Marker v. Gillam, 64 Okla. 766, 154 Pac. 351.

Vermont. Royce v. Carpenter, 80 Vt. 37, 66 Atl. 888.

20 Dorr v. Alford, 111 Ia. 278, 82 N. W. 789 Alden v. Improvement Co., 57 Neb. 67, 77 N. W. 369.

21 Anderson v. American Suburban Corp., 155 N. Car. 131, 36 L. R. A. (N.S.) 896, 71 S. E. 221.

22 Houston, etc., Ry. v. Cluck, 31 Tex. Civ. App. 211, 72 S. W. 83.

23 Spencer v. Love joy, 96 Ga. 657, 51 Am. St. Rep. 152, 23 S. E. 836; Nichols v. Pacific Co., 23 Or. 123, 37 Am. St. Rep. 664, 18 L. R. A. 55, 31 Pac. 296. 24 Sauter v. Leveridge, 103 Mo. 615, 15 S. W. 981; Barry v. Wachosky, 57 Neb. 534, 77 N. W. 1080.

25 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. v. Ehrich, 230 Fed. 1005; Knadler v. Sharp, 36 Ia. 232; Smalley v. Taylor, 33 Tex.

668; Porter v. Young, 85 Va. 49, 6 S. E. 803.

26 Morgan v. Center, 133 Ark. 247, 202 S. W. 235.

27 Brackett's Administrator v. Bore-ing's Administrator (Ky.), 110 S. W. 276; Provident National Bank v. C. D. Hartnett Co., 100 Tex. 214, 97 S. W. 689; Johnson v. Shuey, 40 Wash. 22, 82 Pac. 123.

28 Millan v. Bartlett, 78 W. Va. 367, 89 S. E. 711.

29 Martin-Alexander Lumber Co. v. Johnson, 70 Ark. 215, 66 S. W. 924; Bewick Lumber Co. v. Hall, 94 Ga. 539, 21 S. E. 154.

30 Star Union Lumber Co. v. Finney, 35 Neb. 214, 52 N. W. 1113.

See also, National Life Ins. Co. v. Beck & Gregg Hardware Co., 148 Ga. 757, 98 S. E. 266.

31 McGinnis v. McGinnis, 274 Mo. 285, 202 S. W. 1087.

32 Wood v. Carter, 67 Neb. 133, 93 N. W. 158.

33 Anderson v. Amidon, 114 Minn. 202, 34 L. R. A. (N.S.) 647, 130 N. W. 1002.

1 United States. Reece Folding Machine Co. v. Fenwick, 140 Fed. 287, 2 L. R. A. (N.S.) 1094.

Illinois. Warren v. Bank, 149 111. 9, 25 L. R. A. 746, 38 N. E. 122.

Indiana. Hight v. Carr, 185 Ind. 39, 112 N. E. 881.

Maine. Knevals v. Blauvelt, 82 Me. 458, 19 Atl. 818.

Massachusetts. Citizens' Loan Association v. Boston and Maine Ry., 196 Mass. 528, 124 Am. St. Rep. 584, 14 L. R. A. (N.S.) 1025, 13 Am. & Eng. Ann. Cas. 365, 82 N E. 696.

Minnesota. Riley v. Galarneault, 103 Minn. 165, 114 N. W. 755.

Missouri. State v. Williamson, 118 Mo. 146, 40 Am. St. Rep. 358, 21 L. R. A. 827, 23 S. W. 1054.

Nebraska. Perkins v. Butler County, 44 Neb. 110, 62 N. W. 308.

New Jersey. Lanigan v. Currier Co., 50 N. J. Eq. 201, 24 Atl. 505; McFar-land v. Mfg. Co., 53 N. J. Eq. 649, 51 Am. St. Rep. 647, 33 Atl. 962; Cogan v. Conover Mfg. Co., 69 N. J. Eq. 809, 115 Am. St. Rep. 629, 64 Atl. 973.

Pennsylvania. Caulfield v. Van Brunt, 173 Pa. St. 428, 34 Atl. 230.

South Dakota. Sykes v. Bank, 2 S. D. 242, 49 N. W. 1058.

Tennessee. Johnson v. Donohue, 113 Tenn. 446, 83 S. W. 360.

Texas. National Bank v. Fink, 86 Tex. 303, 40 Am. St. Rep. 833, 24 S. W. 256.

West Virginia. Stevenson v. Kyle, 42 W. Va. 229, 57 Am. St. Rep. 854, 24 S. E. 886.

See also, Monarch Discount Co. v. Chesapeake & O. Ry. Co., 285 111. 233, 120 N. E. 743.

2 Scott v. Franey, 20 Or. 410; 23 Am. St. Rep. 132, 26 Pac. 271.

3 Colorado. Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Provolt, 42 Colo. 103, 16 L. R. A. (N.S.) 587, 93 Pac. 1126.

Illinois. Mallin v. Wenham, 209 111. 252, 101 Am. St. Rep. 233, 65 L. R. A. 602, 70 N. E. 564; Monarch Discount Co. v. Chesapeake &, O. Ry. Co., 285 111. 233, 120 N. E. 743.

Iowa. Metcalf v. Kincaid, 87 la. 443, 43 Am. St. Rep. 391, 54 N. W. 867.

Kentucky. Manly v. Bitzer, 91 Ky. 596, 34 Am. St. Rep. 242, 16 S. W. 464.

Massachusetts. Ouimet v. Sirois, 124 Mass. 162; Citizens' Loan Association v. Boston & M. R. R., 196 Mass. 528, 124 Am. St. Rep. 584, 14 L. R. A. (N.S.) 1025, 13 Am. & Eng. Ann. Cas. 365, 82 N. E. 696.

Michigan. Duluth, S. S. & A. Ry. Co. v. Wilson, 200 Mich. 313, 167 N. W. 55.

Minnesota. Leitch v. Northern Pac Ry. Co., 95 Minn. 35, 103 N. W. 704; Quigley v. Welter, .95 Minn. 383, 104 N. W. 236.

Nebraska. First National Bank v. School District, 77 Neb. 570, 110 N. W. 349; Hupp v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 99 Neb. 654, L. R. A. 1916E, 247, 157 N. W. 343.

New Jersey. Cogan v. Conover Mfg. Co., 69 N. J. Eq. 809, 115 Am. St. Rep. 629, 64 Atl. 973.

Ohio. Rodijkeit v. Andrews, 74 O. S. 104, 5 L. R. A. (N.S.) 564, 77 N. E. 747.