If it is required to button and tuft some upholstered chair backs the folio wing materials will be necessary. A packet of buttons to match the covers, a ball of twine, a straight needle about 6 in. long, and a regulator.' The last is a sharp-curved blade, something like the pointed end of a large packing needle, set in a wooden handle. Mark the posit ions of the buttons; one dozen will be sufficient for a large chair back. Now insert the point of the regulator through the canvas at the back, and work it freely all round, forming a hollow in the inside of the squab; thread the needle with twine and push it through the back, drawing it out on the front. Take up a button and push the threaded needle through the tag of the button; slip the button on the twine and pass the needle back through the stuffing, about 1/2in. from the other end of the twine, so as to have the two ends of the twine at the back with the button attached on the front: tie these ends as tight as possible, and thus draw the buttons well in and throw up a tuft all round. To prevent the twine cutting the cauvas when tying up, put a tufting washer, made from clippings of leather or stout cloth, between the ends before the knots are tied.

To secure deep tufts, leave the ends of the twine long enough to reach the side of the back frame; a tack is knocked half-way in the wood, the ends of the twine are pulled tight and lapped round the tack, which is then driven home. The button should then lie satisfactorily.