Carl H. Clark.

Fig. 1 shows the most common forms of riveting a is the ordinary cone head rivet, b the round head rivet, and c the countersunk head rivet, the latter being used where it is desired to have the surface flush, d shows the simplest kind of hand riveting where the head is formed by hammers only, it is left rounded with no particular care as to finish; e is the countersunk riveting, used where a smooth surface is desired, as in the plating of vessels, it is very slightly rounded as shown, f is the ordinary round head riviting, found by heading over roughly with a hammer and finishing with a swage, or cup shaped tool which is placed on the rivet and hammered, form-ing the head round. G is the best type of hand riveting, the head thus formed being a perfect cone, and care being taken to have it smooth and even. It is used in steam boiler work.

Any of the heads shown may be combined with any of the methods of riveting over, etc., according to circumstances, as for instance, in machine riveting both head and point are round to fit the cups formed in the machine.

Fig. 2 shows some of the ordinary types of bolts, A is a square headed bolt with a square nut, B is the three views of a nut, C shows a filetster head with a hexagonal nut and a washer. This head is used where a good finish is desired. D is a tap bolt with a countersunk head, used where a flush surface is wanted; it is screwed in with a screw driver, D and E are used where a nut cannot be fitted, E is a tap bolt with a hexagonal head, F is a stud bolt with a double thread and a plain part between ; it is screwed in until it reaches a bearing, after which the nut can be screwed on, Fig. 3 shows the three views of a square headed bolt with a washer and hexagonal nut, Fig. 4 is the working drawing of a simple cast iron bearing, Fig. 5 is a wrought iron eye bolt, Fig. 6 is a split pin, used to prevent bolts and pins from becoming displaced; it is put through a hole in the bolt and the ends separated enough to keep it from working loose. It is to be noted that in most machine drawings, especially the simpler ones, all of the three views heretofor used in projection are not required, as in Fig. 4 only two are needed, and in Fig. 5 only one.