In spending enormous sums on public education, society has in mind an improved citizenship from the standpoint not only of culture and government, but also of industrial efficiency. At one time education stood almost exclusively for a higher appreciation of literature and art. Later it stressed the need of a better and a clearer understanding of the working of the government. Now society demands that the possessor of an education, in addition to being cultured and versed in the science of government, shall be industrially efficient. To that end commercial courses, commercial high schools, technical schools, and technical colleges in the universities have been established. Also the courses in the so-called literary schools and colleges have been changed to meet the new demand. There is nothing alarming in this educational tendency. It merely means that the next generation will value not less highly the cultural development and the stir of civic duty that comes from study in schools and colleges, but rather that it will also appreciate the need of an increased industrial efficiency and prepare itself through education and training to meet that need.