This section is from the book "Class-Book Of Botany USA&Canada", by Alphonso Wood. Also available from Amazon: Class-Book Of Botany.
§ Flowers in simple umbels, sometimes spicate. Leaves simple, (a) § Flowers in capitate umbels, i. e., sessile, forming dense heads, (b) § Flowers in regularly compound umbels, not sessile in heads. (1)
1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margins only singly winged, (c) 1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margin only doubly winged, (d) 1 Fruit terete or flattened on the sides. - Ribs bristly eehinate. (e)
-Ribs smooth. Flowers xanthic. (f) -Ribs smooth. Flowers cyanic. (2) 2 Plants exotic, growing in gardens, etc. (1) 2 Plants native or naturalized, growing wild. (3) 3 Fruit slender, thrice longer than wide, often boaked. (g) 3 Fruit short, once to twice as long as wide. - Ribs (6 to 10)-winged. (h a Fruit flat, orbicular. Leaves round or roundish...................................
-Ribs not winged. (4) 4 Seed furrowed or excavated on the inner face, (i) 4 Seed flat on the inner face. - Involucro none or almost none, (j)
-Involucre of 2 to 8 bracts, (k)
. .Hydrocotyle . 1 | |
a Fruit globular. Leaves linear,fleashy phyllodia................................. | .CRANRTZIA.2 |
b Flowers party sterile. Fruit densely muricate, few............................ | SANICULA.3 |
b Flowers all fertile. Fruit scaly, many in the head. ........... | .....ERYNGIUM. 4 |
c Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thick , corky margin............................ | POLYTENIA.5 |
c Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thin margin.......................................... | PASTINACA.6 |
c Flowers white. - of two sorts, - the marginal radiant......................... | HERACLEUM.7 |
- all a like. - Lfts. 3 to 9, mostly entire....................... | ARCHEMORA.8 |
- Lfts. 0,phyllodia linear........................... | . .TIEDEMANNIA. 9 |
d Seed adherent to the pericarp, with 6 to 8vittae................................. | .....Angelica.10 |
d Seed not adherent, etc.,all covered with vittae.................................... | ARCHANGELICA. 11 |
e Involucre of several pinnatifid bracts................................................. | DAUCUS.12 |
f Involucels of ovate, entire bracts. Leaves simple............................... | BUPLURUM.13 |
f Involucels none.Carpels with 5 obtuse ribs......................................... | ANRTHUM.14 |
f Involucels subulate. - Ribs sharp or winged. Leaflets toothe | ......THASPIUM. 15 |
-Ribs not at all winged. Leaflets entire | !.........ZlZIA. 16 |
g Beak slender, longer than the fruit. Vittae none. | ...SCANDIX .17 |
g Beak short or none. - Fruit upwardly hispid........... | ...OSMORHIZA. 18 |
- Fruit glabrous. - Carples 5 - ribbed..... | Chaerophyllum. 19 |
- Carples 9 - ribbed...... | ..TREPOCARPUS.38 |
h Marginal wings twice longer than the dorsal..... | ....CONIOSELINUM.20 |
h Marginal and dorsal wings alike. Leaflets large................ | .....LlGUSTICUM. 21 |
i Fruit a double globe. Plant low, carly flowering... | ...ERIGENIA.22 |
i Fruit ovate, - with obscure, straight ribs. Tall......... | ....EULOPHUS.23 |
- with distinct, crinckled ribs. Large.... | ....CONIUM.24 |
j Fruit roundish-oblate (broader than long). With involuccls.... | ...CICUTA.25 |
j Fruit roundish- oblong. Involucels none or almost none.... | . .helosciadium. 26 |
j Fruit elliptic- oblong. Leaves large,3- foliate, serrate..... | ....CRYPTOTAENIA.27 |
j Fruit ovate, - smooth, strong-ribbed. Involuccls drooping....... | AETHUSA.28 |
- clothed with scales. Involucles spreading...... | ....Leptocaulis. 29 |
k Calyx teeth obsolete. Leaves pinnate, with serrate lfts... | ............SIUM. 32 |
k Calyx teeth persistent. - Leaflets capillaceous. Vittae 4 | ......DISCOPLEURA.30 |
- Leaflets linear, entire. - Vittae 16. | .Neurophyllum. 31 |
- Vittae 6.. | . .Cynosciadium. 39 |
l Flowers of 2 sorts, the outer radiant. Fruit globous........ | ....CORIANRUM.33 |
l Flowers all alike. - Fruit terete (not compressed), ovate.... | ...PIMPINELLA.34 |
- Fruit compressed laterally. - Vittae none..... | ....aeGOPODIUM.35 |
- Vittae 8 to 12 ...,. | .....APIUM.36 |
Carum. 37 |
1. HYDROCOT 'YLE, L. Penny-wort. (Gr. water, a vessel; the concave leaf often holds water.) Calyx obsolete; petals equal, ovate, spreading, entire, the point not inflected; style shorter than stamens; fruit laterally flattened, the commissure narrow; carpels 5-ribbed, without vittaa. - Herbaceous, creeping, usually aquatic plants. Umbels simple. Invol. few-leaved.
* Leaves reniform or cordate, the base lobes not united........ | .........Nos.1 - 3 |
* Leaves peltate, orbicular, the base lobes united......... | ......Nos.4,5 |
1 H. Americana L. Smooth and shining; st. filiform, procumbent; lvs. reniform-orbicular, slightly lobed, crenate; umbels sessile,3 to 5-flowered; fr. orbicular.- ЦA small, delicate plant, growing close to the moist earth beneath the shado of other vegetables, Can. to S. Car. Sts. branching, 2 to 6' long. Lvs. thin, 1 to 2' diam., on petioles 2 to 3' long. Fls. greenish white, small, nearly sessile, in simple, capitate, sessile, axillary umbels. ' Jn - Aug.
2 H. ranunculoides L. f. Lvs. reniform-orbicular, deeply 3-fobed, middle lobe3 smallest, all crenate; ped. much shorter than the petioles, branched; umbel 5 to 9-flowered, capitate. - Ц. Waters, Va. to Ga. and La. (Hale). Sts. rooting at the joints, or floating. Petioles thick, 4 to 8' long, ped. 1 to 2'. Lvs. veiny. Sty. spreading and incurved. Jl, Aug.
3 H. repanda Pers. Lvs. broad-ovate, cordate, very obtuse, margin repand-dentate; ped. simple, much shorter than the petioles, umbels capitate, 3 or 4-flowered. - Ц Muddy shores, S. Car. to Fla. and La. (Hale). St. creeping. Ped. radical, slender, 2 to 3' high, the petioles 3 to 8'. Fr. large, broader than long. Involucre 2 ovate bracts. Jn. - Aug.
4 H. interrupta Muhl. Lvs. peltate, orbicular, crenate: umbels capitate, proliferous, about 5-fiowered; fr. acute at base. - Ц In wet places, New Bedford, Mass. to Ga (Mettauer, Feay). Rt. and stem creeping. Lvs. almost centrally peltate, thin, 8 to 13" diam. Petioles 2 to 6' long. Ped. longer than the petioles. Fls. subsessile, in close umbels which become whorls in interrupted spikes by other umbels being successively produced on the extending peduncle. Jn.
5 H. umbellata L. Lvs. peltate, orbicular, crenate, emarginate at base, on long petioles; scapes about as long as the petioles; umbels simple (rarely proliferous) fls. 20 to 30, pedicellate. - Ц In ponds and bogs, Mass. to La., rare. Sts. creeping, often submersed, several inches long. Lvs. 8 to 12" diam., notched at base so as to appear reniform. Petioles a little eccentric, and with the scapes, slender, floating or erect, and 4 to 6' long. May - Jl
2. CRANT'ZIA, Nutt. (To Prof. Crantz, author of a monograph of the Umbelliferae.) Calyx tube subglobous, margin obsolete ; petals obtuse ; fruit subglobous, the commissure excavated, with 2 vittae ; carpels unequal, 5-ribbed, with a vitta in each interval. - Small, creeping herbs, with linear or filiform, entire lvs. Umbels simple, involucrate. C. lineata Nutt. Lvs. cuneate-linear, sessile, obtuse at apex, and with transverse veins, shorter than the peduncles. - Ц Muddy banks of rivers, Mass. to La. Sts. several inches long, creeping and rooting in the mud. Lvs. 1 to 2' by 1 to 2", often linear and appearing like petioles without laminae. Umbels 4 to 8-flowcred. Ped. 1/3 longer than the leaves. Involucre 4 to 6-leaved. Fr. with red vittae. May - Jl. (Hydrocotyle Mx.)
3. SANIC'ULA, Tourn. Sanicle. (Lat. sanare, to cure; for its reputed virtues as a vulnerary.) Flowers ; calyx tube echinate, segments acute, leafy; petals obovate, erect, with a long, inflected point; fruit subglobous, armed with hooked prickles; carpels without ribs; vittae numerous. - Ц Umbel nearly simple. Rays few, with many-flowered, capitate umbellets. Involucre of few, often cleft, leaflets, involucel of several entire.
1 S. Marilandica L. Lvs. 5 to 7-parted, digitate, mostly radical; lfts. or segments oblong, incisely serrate; sterile fls. many, pedicellate, fertile ones sessile; cal segm. emtiro; sty. slender, conspicuous, recurved. - Thickets, U. S. and Can., common. St. 1 to 2f high, dichotomously branched above, smooth, furrowed. Padtcal lvs. on petioles 6 to 12' long, 3-parted to the base, with the lateral segm. deeply 2-parted ; segm. 2 to 4' long. Cauline lvs. few, nearly sessile. Involucres 6-leaved, serrate. Umbels often proliferous.
2 S. Canadensis L. Lower lvs. 5-parted, upper 3-parted, segm. ovate, mucro-nate-serrate; sterile fls. few, much shorter than the fertile; sly. shorter than the prickles. - Woods, thickets, N. States to o. and Can., common. About the size of the preceding, or taller. Umbels more numerous and smaller. Llts. thin, 1 to 3' long. Jn. - Aug.
4. ERYN'GIUM, Tourn. (Gr. , to belch ; a supposed remedy for flatulence.) Fls. sessile, collected in dense heads; cal. lobes somewhat leafy; petals connivent, oblong, emarginate with a long, inflexed point; styles filiform ; fruit scaly or tuberculate, obovate, terete, without vittae or ribs. - Herbaceous or suffruticous. Fls. blue or white, bracte-ate; lower bracts involucrate, the others smaller and paleaceous.
 
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