§ Flowers in simple umbels, sometimes spicate. Leaves simple, (a) § Flowers in capitate umbels, i. e., sessile, forming dense heads, (b) § Flowers in regularly compound umbels, not sessile in heads. (1)

1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margins only singly winged, (c) 1 Fruit flattened on the back, the margin only doubly winged, (d) 1 Fruit terete or flattened on the sides. - Ribs bristly eehinate. (e)

-Ribs smooth. Flowers xanthic. (f) -Ribs smooth. Flowers cyanic. (2) 2 Plants exotic, growing in gardens, etc. (1) 2 Plants native or naturalized, growing wild. (3) 3 Fruit slender, thrice longer than wide, often boaked. (g) 3 Fruit short, once to twice as long as wide. - Ribs (6 to 10)-winged. (h a Fruit flat, orbicular. Leaves round or roundish...................................

-Ribs not winged. (4) 4 Seed furrowed or excavated on the inner face, (i) 4 Seed flat on the inner face. - Involucro none or almost none, (j)

-Involucre of 2 to 8 bracts, (k)

. .Hydrocotyle . 1

a Fruit globular. Leaves linear,fleashy phyllodia.................................

.CRANRTZIA.2

b Flowers party sterile. Fruit densely muricate, few............................

SANICULA.3

b Flowers all fertile. Fruit scaly, many in the head. ...........

.....ERYNGIUM. 4

c Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thick , corky margin............................

POLYTENIA.5

c Flowers yellow. Fruit with a thin margin..........................................

PASTINACA.6

c Flowers white. - of two sorts, - the marginal radiant.........................

HERACLEUM.7

- all a like. - Lfts. 3 to 9, mostly entire.......................

ARCHEMORA.8

- Lfts. 0,phyllodia linear...........................

. .TIEDEMANNIA. 9

d Seed adherent to the pericarp, with 6 to 8vittae.................................

.....Angelica.10

d Seed not adherent, etc.,all covered with vittae....................................

ARCHANGELICA. 11

e Involucre of several pinnatifid bracts.................................................

DAUCUS.12

f Involucels of ovate, entire bracts. Leaves simple...............................

BUPLURUM.13

f Involucels none.Carpels with 5 obtuse ribs.........................................

ANRTHUM.14

f Involucels subulate. - Ribs sharp or winged. Leaflets toothe

......THASPIUM. 15

-Ribs not at all winged. Leaflets entire

!.........ZlZIA. 16

g Beak slender, longer than the fruit. Vittae none.

...SCANDIX .17

g Beak short or none. - Fruit upwardly hispid...........

...OSMORHIZA. 18

- Fruit glabrous. - Carples 5 - ribbed.....

Chaerophyllum. 19

- Carples 9 - ribbed......

..TREPOCARPUS.38

h Marginal wings twice longer than the dorsal.....

....CONIOSELINUM.20

h Marginal and dorsal wings alike. Leaflets large................

.....LlGUSTICUM. 21

i Fruit a double globe. Plant low, carly flowering...

...ERIGENIA.22

i Fruit ovate, - with obscure, straight ribs. Tall.........

....EULOPHUS.23

- with distinct, crinckled ribs. Large....

....CONIUM.24

j Fruit roundish-oblate (broader than long). With involuccls....

...CICUTA.25

j Fruit roundish- oblong. Involucels none or almost none....

. .helosciadium. 26

j Fruit elliptic- oblong. Leaves large,3- foliate, serrate.....

....CRYPTOTAENIA.27

j Fruit ovate, - smooth, strong-ribbed. Involuccls drooping.......

AETHUSA.28

- clothed with scales. Involucles spreading......

....Leptocaulis. 29

k Calyx teeth obsolete. Leaves pinnate, with serrate lfts...

............SIUM. 32

k Calyx teeth persistent. - Leaflets capillaceous. Vittae 4

......DISCOPLEURA.30

- Leaflets linear, entire. - Vittae 16.

.Neurophyllum. 31

- Vittae 6..

. .Cynosciadium. 39

l Flowers of 2 sorts, the outer radiant. Fruit globous........

....CORIANRUM.33

l Flowers all alike. - Fruit terete (not compressed), ovate....

...PIMPINELLA.34

- Fruit compressed laterally. - Vittae none.....

....aeGOPODIUM.35

- Vittae 8 to 12 ...,.

.....APIUM.36

Carum. 37

1. HYDROCOT 'YLE, L. Penny-wort. (Gr.Analysis of The Genera 784 water, Analysis of The Genera 785 a vessel; the concave leaf often holds water.) Calyx obsolete; petals equal, ovate, spreading, entire, the point not inflected; style shorter than stamens; fruit laterally flattened, the commissure narrow; carpels 5-ribbed, without vittaa. - Herbaceous, creeping, usually aquatic plants. Umbels simple. Invol. few-leaved.

* Leaves reniform or cordate, the base lobes not united........

.........Nos.1 - 3

* Leaves peltate, orbicular, the base lobes united.........

......Nos.4,5

1 H. Americana L. Smooth and shining; st. filiform, procumbent; lvs. reniform-orbicular, slightly lobed, crenate; umbels sessile,3 to 5-flowered; fr. orbicular.- ЦA small, delicate plant, growing close to the moist earth beneath the shado of other vegetables, Can. to S. Car. Sts. branching, 2 to 6' long. Lvs. thin, 1 to 2' diam., on petioles 2 to 3' long. Fls. greenish white, small, nearly sessile, in simple, capitate, sessile, axillary umbels. ' Jn - Aug.

2 H. ranunculoides L. f. Lvs. reniform-orbicular, deeply 3-fobed, middle lobe3 smallest, all crenate; ped. much shorter than the petioles, branched; umbel 5 to 9-flowered, capitate. - Ц. Waters, Va. to Ga. and La. (Hale). Sts. rooting at the joints, or floating. Petioles thick, 4 to 8' long, ped. 1 to 2'. Lvs. veiny. Sty. spreading and incurved. Jl, Aug.

3 H. repanda Pers. Lvs. broad-ovate, cordate, very obtuse, margin repand-dentate; ped. simple, much shorter than the petioles, umbels capitate, 3 or 4-flowered. - Ц Muddy shores, S. Car. to Fla. and La. (Hale). St. creeping. Ped. radical, slender, 2 to 3' high, the petioles 3 to 8'. Fr. large, broader than long. Involucre 2 ovate bracts. Jn. - Aug.

4 H. interrupta Muhl. Lvs. peltate, orbicular, crenate: umbels capitate, proliferous, about 5-fiowered; fr. acute at base. - Ц In wet places, New Bedford, Mass. to Ga (Mettauer, Feay). Rt. and stem creeping. Lvs. almost centrally peltate, thin, 8 to 13" diam. Petioles 2 to 6' long. Ped. longer than the petioles. Fls. subsessile, in close umbels which become whorls in interrupted spikes by other umbels being successively produced on the extending peduncle. Jn.

5 H. umbellata L. Lvs. peltate, orbicular, crenate, emarginate at base, on long petioles; scapes about as long as the petioles; umbels simple (rarely proliferous) fls. 20 to 30, pedicellate. - Ц In ponds and bogs, Mass. to La., rare. Sts. creeping, often submersed, several inches long. Lvs. 8 to 12" diam., notched at base so as to appear reniform. Petioles a little eccentric, and with the scapes, slender, floating or erect, and 4 to 6' long. May - Jl

2. CRANT'ZIA, Nutt. (To Prof. Crantz, author of a monograph of the Umbelliferae.) Calyx tube subglobous, margin obsolete ; petals obtuse ; fruit subglobous, the commissure excavated, with 2 vittae ; carpels unequal, 5-ribbed, with a vitta in each interval. - Small, creeping herbs, with linear or filiform, entire lvs. Umbels simple, involucrate. C. lineata Nutt. Lvs. cuneate-linear, sessile, obtuse at apex, and with transverse veins, shorter than the peduncles. - Ц Muddy banks of rivers, Mass. to La. Sts. several inches long, creeping and rooting in the mud. Lvs. 1 to 2' by 1 to 2", often linear and appearing like petioles without laminae. Umbels 4 to 8-flowcred. Ped. 1/3 longer than the leaves. Involucre 4 to 6-leaved. Fr. with red vittae. May - Jl. (Hydrocotyle Mx.)

3. SANIC'ULA, Tourn. Sanicle. (Lat. sanare, to cure; for its reputed virtues as a vulnerary.) FlowersAnalysis of The Genera 786 ; calyx tube echinate, segments acute, leafy; petals obovate, erect, with a long, inflected point; fruit subglobous, armed with hooked prickles; carpels without ribs; vittae numerous. - Ц Umbel nearly simple. Rays few, with many-flowered, capitate umbellets. Involucre of few, often cleft, leaflets, involucel of several entire.

1 S. Marilandica L. Lvs. 5 to 7-parted, digitate, mostly radical; lfts. or segments oblong, incisely serrate; sterile fls. many, pedicellate, fertile ones sessile; cal segm. emtiro; sty. slender, conspicuous, recurved. - Thickets, U. S. and Can., common. St. 1 to 2f high, dichotomously branched above, smooth, furrowed. Padtcal lvs. on petioles 6 to 12' long, 3-parted to the base, with the lateral segm. deeply 2-parted ; segm. 2 to 4' long. Cauline lvs. few, nearly sessile. Involucres 6-leaved, serrate. Umbels often proliferous.

2 S. Canadensis L. Lower lvs. 5-parted, upper 3-parted, segm. ovate, mucro-nate-serrate; sterile fls. few, much shorter than the fertile; sly. shorter than the prickles. - Woods, thickets, N. States to o. and Can., common. About the size of the preceding, or taller. Umbels more numerous and smaller. Llts. thin, 1 to 3' long. Jn. - Aug.

4. ERYN'GIUM, Tourn. (Gr.Analysis of The Genera 787 , to belch ; a supposed remedy for flatulence.) Fls. sessile, collected in dense heads; cal. lobes somewhat leafy; petals connivent, oblong, emarginate with a long, inflexed point; styles filiform ; fruit scaly or tuberculate, obovate, terete, without vittae or ribs. - Herbaceous or suffruticous. Fls. blue or white, bracte-ate; lower bracts involucrate, the others smaller and paleaceous.