Physiology treats of the functions or actions, or in other words, the work the healthy organs of our bodies perform. In these remarks I can give you a few of the most essential facts, warranting you; if you remember them, you may profit by them and lengthen the number of your years of life. We will first consider the process of digestion. When we take food in our mouth and commence to chew it, we find that there is a slippery fluid thrown out in to the mouth. This is intended by nature to accomplish a very important purpose: first, to moisten the food, so that when it is ground up into a bolus or ball, it may be slippery and moist, that it will readily pass down the stomach tube to the stomach when swallowed, and be in a fit condition for the gastric juice to enter and dissolve. Secondly, it has a chemical property that unites with the starchy portion of the food, and converts it into glucose, or sugar. After the food enters the stomach, the gastric follicle of the stomach throws out a fluid as sour as the juice of a lemon, called gastric juice, which is caused to mingle with the food and saturate it, and dissolve it ready to be absorbed and assimilated. The greater portion of the albuminous part of the food is taken up by the stomach, and that which remains is carried with the fatty portion of the food through the pyloric orifice, or valve of the lower portion or end of the stomach, in to the bowels, where it is taken up by the lacteals of the bowels, and carried to perform its mission. The bowels have what is called a peristaltic or vermicular action, which means, in common language, a worm-like or squirming motion, which works the food through the bowels. When there is cathartic medicine taken into the system, it irritates and stimulates this action, and the result is frequent actions on the bowels. Then, after the stimulation and irritation subsides, the vermicular action falls as far behind the normal or natural standard as it was stimulated above it, and the usual result is, constipation or costiveness follows for a few days, till nature can regain herself again. We have an organ called the heart, which has four chambers or apartments, consisting of two apartments called auricles and ventricles, situated in the left breast, in a sack called pericardium. The two auricles are called right and left, and the ventricles are called the same. The muscular power of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right, from the fact it has to throw the blood farther. With the heart is connected two main arteries; aortic and pulmonary. The auricles are to receive the blood, and the ventricles to throw it out to all parts of the body. The heart, in a healthy person, pulsates seventy times per minute. The blood is thrown from the left ventricle into the aortic artery, which has branches that lead to all parts of the system. After it reaches the end of the arteries, it enters a system of vessels called capillaries, which means hair-like, and carries the blood through the tissues of the body, and empties it into the veins, which carry it back to the right auricle, and from there it goes to the right ventricle, which throws it to the lungs, through the pulmonic artery, where it receives oxygen from the air we inhale or breathe into our lungs, which converts the blood from a dark venous character to that of a bright arterial character. From there it enters the pulmonic veins, and is carried to the left auricle, and from there to the left ventricle, from whence it is propelled in the same course as I have just described. The lungs are two organs situated in the thorax or breast. They have a tube that leads to them, and forks into two branches, and these two branches, and all the little ones into which they subdivide, in combination are called the bronchial tubes, and the little cavities to which these little branches lead are called air cells, and the walls of these air cells are called parenchymic walls, and these delicate walls are filled with numerous minute, little, hair-like capillary vessels, which receive oxygen from the air, and in return give off carbonic acid gas. Man has two kidneys, that lay in the small of the back, which are filters of the blood, with this peculiar characteristic--they throw off the poison urine, and leave the blood purer than they found it, while the artificial filter lets the pure fluid go through, and retains the dross or the part unfit for use. There is a tube to each kidney about the size of a crow's quill, that leads the urine to an organ of an oval form like unto a cistern, to receive the urine, and when filled, warns the owner that he must evacuate it. The brain is an organ through which we think and exert nervous forces that control the voluntary muscles of the body. The liver is an organ that excretes about fourteen ounces of bile every twenty-four hours, of an alkaline nature, to emulcify or saponify the fatty portion of our food. In the common adult it weighs about four pounds and a half, and is one of the most important glands of the human body. The spleen is an organ laying in the left side, in connection with the stomach. Its functions or duty is not yet thoroughly understood by the ablest physiologists. The common name is melt. The pancreas lies just under the stomach, and excretes a fluid called pancreatic fluid, that is similar in character to the bile, and joins hands with it in the process of digestion. This organ, in swine, is commonly called the sweetbread. The voluntary muscles of the body are the muscles that are under the control of the will, with which we move, act, talk and walk, and put our ideas into effect. The involuntary muscles are controlled by chemical forces. Man breathes, and his heart beats when asleep as well as when awake. The voluntary muscles are organs of perpetual motion, running day and night all the time until they wear out. The two hundred bones constitute the skeleton or framework of the body, and hold it erect, and serve as levers for the muscles and will power to work with. There are twelve pairs of nerves sent off from the brain, and thirty-one pairs from the spinal cord, which are distributed to every part of the body. The brain is the temple of thought, the throne of intellect,--the telegraphic office, -- and the nerves are the wires on which we send dispatches to all parts of our anatomical and physiological government.