This section is from the book "Materia Medica Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics", by W. Hale White. Also available from Amazon: Materia Medica Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics..
C13H18O7=285.33. A neutral principle (glucoside) obtained from several species of Salix and Populus (nat. ord. Salicaceae). Synonym. - Willow.
Europe, naturalized in North America; cultivated.
1) Make a strong decoction of willow bark. (2) Remove the tannic acid by warming and agitating the decoction with Lead Oxide. (3) Evaporate the solution. Salicin crystallizes out, and is purified by repeated solution, and crystallization.
Colorless, or white, silky, shining crystalline needles, or a crystalline powder, odorless, and having a very bitter taste. Permanent in the air.
In 28 parts of water, and in 30 parts of Alcohol; almost insoluble in Ether or Chloroform.
Dose, 5 to 30 gr.; .30 to 2.00 gm.
Hc7h5o3=137.67. An organic acid, existing naturally, in combination, in various plants, see Oleum Gaultheriae and Oleum Betulae Volatile; but most largely prepared synthetically from Carbolic Acid.
Made by combining Sodium Carbolate with Carbon Dioxide Gas. Thus, dry Carbon Dioxide is passed through Sodium Carbolate heated to 428° F.; 220° C.. 2NaC6H5O+Co2=Na2C7H4O3 (Sodium Salicylate), +C6H6O (Phenol). This is treated with Hydrochloric Acid. Na2C7H4O3 +2HCl=2NaCl+Hc7h5o3 (Salicylic Acid).
Light, fine, white, prismatic needles, or a light, white, crystalline powder; odorless, having a sweetish, afterwards acrid taste, and permanent in the air.
In about 450 parts of Water, and in 2.4 parts of Alcohol; also soluble in 2 parts of Ether, 2 parts of Absolute Alcohol, and 80 parts of Chloroform. Resembling Artificial Salicylic Acid - Strychnine, but the crystals of Strychnine are larger, colorless, non-irritating, less soluble, and the solution is very bitter.
Incompatible. - Spirit of Nitrous Ether.
Orthocreosotic, metacreosotic, and paracreosotic acids, only in artificial salicylic acid. In the best specimens they are absent.
Dose, 5 to 60 gr.; .30 to 4.00 gm.
NaC7H5O3=159.67.
Obtained by acting on Sodium Carbonate with Salicylic Acid. 2Hc7h5o3+ Na2Co3=2NaC7H5O3+H2O+Co2. The solution may be strained through muslin and heated to expel the Carbon Dioxide.
A white, amorphous powder, odorless, and having a sweetish, saline taste. Permanent in cool air.
In 0.9 part of Water, and in 6 parts of Alcohol; also soluble in Glycerin.
Incompatible. - Hydrobromic acid, for sodium bromide is formed and salicylic acid is precipitated.
Orthocreosotic, metacreosotic, and paracreosotic acids.
Dose, 5 to 60 gr.; .30 to 4.00 gm.
(LiC7H5O3=143.68.)
Obtained by heating Salicylic Acid, Lithium Carbonate, and
Water, until the effervescence ceases, filtering and evaporating. Li2Co3 +2Hc7h5o3=2LiC7H5O3+H2O+Co2
A white, or grayish-white powder, odorless, and having a sweetish taste; deliquescent on exposure to air.
Very soluble in Water and in Alcohol.
Dose, 1 to 15 gr.; .06 to 1.00 gm.
For Bismuth Salicylas see p. 183, and for Salol see p. 481.
 
Continue to: