A Practical Treatise On Materia Medica And Therapeutics | by Roberts Bartholow

Preface To The Eleventh Edition

In preparing this edition I have corrected some typographical and other errors, and have added various new articles which will, I hope, improve the interest and value of the work. In this, as in ...

Preface To The Tenth Edition

In sending forth the tenth edition of this work, I can do no less than thank my readers for this evidence of the esteem in which they continue to hold it. To render this edition still more ...

Preface To The Ninth Edition

In preparing the ninth edition it has been found necessary to enlarge the work by forty-five pages. Additions and alterations have been made at all points to dispose of the new material which ...

Preface To The Eighth Edition

The decennial revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia involves so many changes in remedies and formulae, that a treatise on Materia Medica must of necessity be newly edited to make it ...

Preface To The First Edition

To offer to the medical profession a new treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics may appear to be a labor of supererogation. The medical literature of this country is already well provided ...

Schema

Part I. Modes in which Medicines are introduced into the Organism. Part II. The Actions and Uses of Remedial ...

Part I. Routes By Which Medicines Are Introduced Into The Organism

I. Through The External Integument By this tissue medicines are applied in the following modes: Enepidermatic. ...

Enepidermatic Route To Introduce Medicines Into The Organism

In this method, the medicament is placed in contact, only, with the epidermis, and friction, to hasten absorption, is not employed. Although the epidermis opposes a strong obstacle to ...

Epidermatic Route To Introduce Medicines Into The Organism

This method differs from the enepidermatic in that friction is employed to promote absorption by forcing the medicament between the cells of the epidermatic layer. Many agents are used in this ...

Endermatic Route To Introduce Medicines Into The Organism

As the epidermis is the chief obstacle to cutaneous absorption, it is sometimes removed by blistering, so that the medicament may come into immediate contact with the derma. The mode of ...

II. Introducing Medicines Into The Organism Through The Internal Integument

Applications to the Broncho-pulmonary Mucous Membrane.By the method of insufflation solid medicinal agents in a finely-divided state are applied to various parts of the respiratory tract....

Inhalations

Vapors of medicinal substances, and gases, are conducted with the air into the bronchial tubes and the air-sacs. Vapor of creosote, ...

Atomization or Pulverization

Air or steam is the motive power in the various forms of apparatus used for reducing solutions of medicinal agents into spray. Of those now in use, the hand-ball apparatus for air, and Siegel's ...

When should Medicines be Administered?

The curative effects of remedies may be retarded, changed in form, or prevented, by untimely administration. Remedies that are intended to act on the mucous membrane of the stomach ...

III. Introducing Medicines Into The Organism By The Subcutaneous Areolar Tissue. The Hypodermatic Or Hypodermic Method

The term hypodermic is used in conformity with the nomenclature already existingas epidermic, endermic, etc.but the termination of the word is now altered ...

Preparing Solutions

When the quantity of the medicament to be used hypodermatically is sufficient in bulk, the most convenient mode of procedure is to prepare extemporaneous solutions from powders or compressed ...

Injections of Organic Liquids

When the experiments made by Brown-Séquard with testicular juice were published, an extraordinary degree of attention was attracted to the subject, and presently there were brought forward ...

Hypodermatoclysis

By this name Cantani, of Naples, has introduced a method of treating cholera, which, as the title imports, is an extension of the ordinary hypodermatic injection. The syringe-ful is the maximum ...

Infiltration Anaesthesia. Schleich's Method

Schleich's method. Closely allied to the method of subcutaneous medication is the plan of inducing anæsthesia by injection into the skin itself, so as to obtain the pressure of the fluid on the ...

IV. Introducing Medicines Into The Organism By The Veins

The injection into the veins of medicinal agents is dangerous or not, according to the character of the material so used. Numerous experiences have demonstrated the safety of ammonia injections, ...

Blood Transfusion

This consists in an operation for substituting healthy-blood for the abnormal fluid occurring in certain diseases, and for supplying ...

Arterial Transfusion

Prof. Albanese has proposed injection of defibrinated blood into an artery, either the radial or posterior tibial, as a substitute for the ...

Transfusion of Milk

The experiments of Donne on animals demonstrated the harmlessness of the intra-venous injection of milk. Hodder, of Canada, was the first to employ this expedient on man; ...

Peritoneal Transfusion

To the various kinds of transfusion must now be added this form, originally proposed by Ponfick. With antiseptic precautions, a trocar with canula is passed through the abdominal walls in the ...

Infusion of Salt Solution

The solution of common saltfrom 1 to 5 per centin distilled and sterilized water, is employed for this purpose. A fountain syringe with a suitable needle ...

V. Prescription Writing. The Trot System

Until the Pharmacopoeia of 1890 appeared, the weights used in compounding drugs were from the Troy pound, and the measures from the wine gallon. These are ...

Terms Used in Prescription Writing

A medical prescription is a formal expression of the physician's instructions addressed to the authorized compounder of medicinesthe apothecary. The word prescription is ...

The Metric System

Since the introduction of the metric system, its use has become almost universal among scientific men as the standard of weights and measures. It was not, ...

Part II. The Actions And Uses Of Remedial Agents. Those Used To Promote Constructive Metamorphosis Aliments

This extensive subject can, in this work, be considered briefly only, and from the point of view of therapeutics. The various aliments are of the first importance as remedial agents. No ...

The Physiological Relations of Food

The food of man is derived from the three great kingdoms of nature : mineral, vegetable, animal. It may be conveniently classified into three principal groups : 1. Mineral ...

Food For The Sick: Animal

One of the most important articles of diet for the sick is Beef, which should be of good quality. The bone should not exceed 20 per cent; the fat should be firm, not yellow, and free from ...

Food For The Sick: Animal. Continued

In order to test the relative value of the animal foods considered in the foregoing pages, Marchai de Calvi (Fonssagrives) made a series of elaborate examinations to determine the proportion of ...

Food For The Sick: Powdered Beef

One of the most efficient alimentary preparations is beef, desiccated and reduced to a state of powder. This is largely employed by French physicians as a restorative means in phthisis and other ...

Food For The Sick: Eggs

The following observations refer to the eggs of the domestic chicken. The egg is composed of four distinct parts: the shell; the membranous envelope of the albumen; the white; the vitellus, or ...

Food For The Sick: Milk

Milk is one of the most important articles of food for the sick, and enters largely into the composition of various diets. It is constituted essentially of four elements&#...

Koumiss

This is a fluid obtained from mare's-milk by fermentation, and constitutes the principal part of the food of the people inhabiting a portion of Tartary. It contains ...

Galazyme and Kefyr

As the milk of mares and asses can not be procured in quantity in this country, it is necessary, if preparations like koumiss are to be made, ...

Preparations of Milk

Milk is prepared by predigestion with pepsin (peptonizing), or with pancreatin (pancreatinizing). Milk is peptonized by ...

Food For The Sick: Fish

A great many varieties of fish are used as foods to which it is necessary to allude in general terms only. Salted fish is not a suitable article of food for the sick: it is difficult of ...

Food For The Sick: Vegetable

The most important members of this class of foods are the cereal grainswheat, rye, corn, rice, buckwheat, oats, and barley. The universality of its consumption and its nutritive value ...

Food For The Sick: Vegetable. Continued

A comparison of its chemical composition with that of wheat or corn will show that it is by no means equal to them in nutritive value. It is obviously unfitted to sustain life alone, and hence ...

Special Plans Of Diet

The food-supplies to the organism may be so managed as to secure very definite therapeutical results. By increasing or diminishing the whole amount of foods ingested, by variations in the ...

Denutrition

The amount of food necessary for bare subsistence has been pretty accurately determined. During the siege of Paris the 6 daily ration was at one time reduced to less than ten ounces of bread ...

Aneurism

A low diet, with absolute rest, is of great value in the treatment of internal aneurisms. The diet should be only sufficient to maintain life. The method of Valsalva consisted in such a diet and ...

Syphilis

It is certainly an eminently rational expedient to relieve the organism of a virus by a continuous and gradual molecular destruction and a renewal of the anatomical elements. Such is the hunger-...

Dry Diet

This consists in a decided diminution or a temporary total suspension of liquid of all kinds. It is well known that water constitutes about two thirds of the gross ...

Vegetable Diet

The special indications for the use of vegetable food are reserved for the sections on diet in special diseases. It is necessary, however, to say something here of the grape-cure, a method of ...

Animal Diet

The more or less exclusive use of animal food improves the quality of the blood by increasing the number of the red corpuscles. The urine ...

Milk-Diet

The numerous and important applications of milk-diet in the treatment of certain forms of disease render it necessary to devote considerable space to the ...

Koumiss-Cure

Koumiss differs from whey in containing the nutritive constituents of milk, and from milk itself in the important respect that it is in ...

Buttermilk-Cure

To the efforts of Dr. Ballot, of Rotterdam, is due the knowledge we now possess of the value of buttermilk as a food for infants. The relative composition of buttermilk and mother's-...

Infant-Feeding

It has already been stated that fresh milk of the cow is the best substitute for the mother's-milk. Some additional observations as to the ...

Milk-Jelly

Prof. Liebreich recommends the following: Heat one quart of milk with one pound of sugar, and, when the sugar is dissolved, continue the ...

Poisonous Milk and Cream

The importance of milk as an exclusive article of diet, as an addition to ordinary aliments, and as a constituent of various foods, is so great that some reference must ...

Alimentation In Diseases. Aliment in Acute Inflammations and Fevers

The febrile state induces serious changes in the constitution of solids and liquids. The interstitial fat disappears from the tissues, which become soft and watery. The muscles grow flabby and ...

Formulas For Animal Broths

Beef-Tea.A pound of lean beef should be freed from fat. tendon, cartilage, bone, and vessels; it must be chopped up fine, and put in a pint of cold ...

Formulas For Diet-Drinks

Wine-Whey.Put two pints of new milk in a saucepan, and stir it over a clear fire till it is nearly boiling; then add a gill ...

Aliments in Diseases of the Digestive Organs

In acute and chronic affections of the digestive organs, especially the latter, the skim-milk treatment, already described, possesses the highest value. When the trouble ...

Aliment in Cachectic States

To store up fat in the tissues and to increase muscular power, the diet must consist of both nitrogenous and carbonaceous elements. The fats themselves hold the first place as fat-forming foods. ...

Formulas For Various Articles Of Diet

Lemonade Put the juice of a lemon to a pint of water, in which an ounce of sugar has been dissolved; then add the white of an ...

Formulas For Various Articles Of Diet. Continued

Meat-Tea Pat one pound each of beef, mutton, and veal, cut into small pieces, into three pints of cold water. It should simmer ...

Nutrient Enemata

It not unfrequently happens that the stomach will not receive and dispose of nutrient materials, when it becomes necessary to employ nutrient rectal injections. It has been proposed to treat ...

Supplementary Rectal Alimentation

Under this designation, Dr. A. H. Smith, of New York, describes a method of rectal alimentation with defibrinated blood, which seems in a ...

Forced Alimentation

A method of involuntary feeding, proposed by Debove, has accomplished so much good that it is necessary to give an account of the mode of procedure. It is entitled ...

Coffee

The seed of Caffea Arabica; café, Fr.; Kaffee, Ger. Composition Coffee contains an alkaloid ...

Tea

The dried leaves of Camellia Thea; th'e, Fr.; Thee, Ger. Composition The constituents of tea are very much the same as those of ...

Cocoa

Obtained from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao; cocoa, Fr.; Kakao, Ger. Composition The active principle is ...

Milk

Regarded from all points of view, milk is the most important beverage. Enough has been said on the subject of milk as a food for invalids; but ...

Water

Aqua Aqua, water; eau, Fr.; Wasser, Ger.; Aqua destillata, distilled ...

Effects of Cold Water

When an extremityfor example, the handis immersed in cold water, the temperature of the other hand also falls. Cold water abstracts the ...

Effects of Warm Water

The degree of effect which is produced by the immersion of the body in warm water is influenced by the temperature; but the quality of the effect is the same at all ...

Modes of Applying Water

The water of a cold bath should have a temperature of 40 to 60 Fahr. If employed for its tonic action, the patient should not remain in it longer than the ...

The Wet-Pack

This efficient means of producing the good effects of cold-water applications consists in wrapping the body in a linen sheet wrung out in cold ...

The Douche

This consists in the impact against the body of a column of water from a height. No greater height than ten feet, and a column not larger than four inches, will be ...

The Hip or Sitz Bath

As regards temperature, this bath may be cold, tepid, warm, or hot, according to the indications requiring it. The apparatus for administering it consists of a tin or wooden tub of sufficient ...

Water Therapy for Disease Treatment

The applications of water in the treatment of disease are numerous and important. In tonsillitis, diphtheria, and croup, ice held in the mouth and allowed to ...

Water Therapy for Disease Treatment. Part 2

Cold baths are of equal utility in scarlatina. In mild and uncomplicated cases of this disease, no remedies are required, and simple sponging of the body, followed by inunctions of oil, is all ...

Water Therapy for Disease Treatment. Part 3

Cold and hot applications have unquestionable value in inflammatory affections of the abdominal organs. The author has seen excellent results from the application of an ice-bag over the swelling ...

Heat

Physiological Actions It is difficult to assign heat to its proper position in a systematic classification. As a stimulant to the vital processes, it pertains ...

Modes of Applying Heat 1. Solar Heat

The rays of the sun may be applied directly to the whole surface, or to any part of the body. When the whole body is exposed to the rays of the summer sun, the head and face ought to be ...

2. Artificial Heat

There are various modes of applying artificial heat. It may be dry or moist. Moist Heat The Vapor-Bath.It ...

Heat Therapy

Warm applications possess a high degree of utility in the various painful and inflammatory affections of the abdominal organs. Acute peritonitis, local or general, is probably more frequently ...

Air. The Atmosphere

As a therapeutical agent, only, is air to be considered here. Nevertheless, various hygienical relations of the subject are also therapeutical, and must therefore be included ...

2. Impure Air

So essential to life is the supply of oxygen to warm-blooded animals, that they can not be deprived of it, even for a very short time, without danger ...

Effects of Compressed Air

Our knowledge of this subject is derived in part from observations made on workmen engaged in underground avocations requiring them to labor under greatly increased barometric pressure; in part ...

Air as a Therapeutical Agent

As a general rule, the sick require more air-space than the healthy. The mere cubic dimensions are much less important than the amount of oxygen ...

Hot Air

Since it has been shown by Pasteur that the vinous fermentation is arrested by raising to the temperature of 160 Fahr. the bottles containing new wine, ...

Massage

Definition The term massage is probably derived from the Arab word mass, which signifies to knead. The French word ...

Pepsin

Pepsina vel pepsinum; pepsina porci; pepsine, Fr.; Ver-dauungsstoff, Ger. Definition A proteolytic ferment or enzyme obtained from the glandular ...

Liquor Pepsini

Solution of pepsin is composed of saccharated pepsin in solution in water and glycerin, and acidulated with hydrochloric acid. Dose: a ...

Pepsin Therapy

Pepsin is, of course, indicated in stomach-disorders characterized by a deficiency of this essential principle. As Fenwick has shown, the amount of ...

Carica Papaya

A member of the Passaflorinece. It resembles the Cncurbitaceae in the form of its fruit, and by some authorities it is placed in a separate classthe Papayaceae. ...

The Actions and Uses of PapÄin (Papaya)

It is as a solvent of albuminous substances, as a digestive, that papäin comes into consideration. As compared with pepsin its range is far wider. While ...

Acidum Lacticum. Lactic Acid

Acidum Lacticum Lactic Acid Lactic acid; acide lactique, ...

Mineral Acids

Aciäum Sulphuricum. Sulphuric acid. A liquid composed of not less than 925 per cent of absolute sulphuric acid. A colorless, oily liquid, inodorous, and having strong acid and ...

Mineral Acid Therapy

Not much need be said of the use of the mineral acids in affections of the mouth and throat. Formerly they were much employed in the treatment of mercurial and ...

Local or Topical Uses of the Mineral Acids

Some allusions have been made to the local application of muriatic acid in diseases of the throat and of the acid bath in hepatic affections. It will not be necesary to recapitulate on these ...

Oils And Fats

Adeps Lard. Saindoux, Fr.; Schweineschmalz, Ger.Below the temperature of 86 Fahr. a soft solid. Adeps ...

Oleum Morrhuae. Cod-liver Oil

Oleum Morrhuae Cod-liver Oil Cod-liver oil. Huile ...

Physiological Actions of Oils And Fats

An oil or fat applied by friction to the epidermis will disappear, and, as a positive gain may thus accrue, it is reasonable to suppose that not only absorption, but assimilation, also, has ...

Mode of Administration of Cod-Liver Oil

As cod-liver oil is extremely repugnant to many patients, it is desirable to prescribe it in as agreeable a form as possible. It can ...

Phosphorus And Some Of Its Compounds

Phosphorus Phosphore, Fr.; Phosphor, Ger. A translucent, nearly colorless solid, resembling wax, without taste, but having a peculiar smell. Its specific ...

Physiological Actions of Phosphorus and Some of its Compounds

The vapor of phosphorus is highly irritating to the conjunctiva and to the broncho-pulmonary mucous membrane. If caries of the ...

Phosphorus Therapy

The author enjoins on his readers the necessity for caution in the use of phosphorus. As this agent so readily induces an acute ...

Phosphites And Phosphates

Preparations Syrupus Calcii Lacto-phosphatis.Sirup of the lacto-phosphate of calcium. Dose, a teaspoonful. ...

Physiological Actions of Phosphate of Lime

There is no part of the body which does not contain, or does not yield on incineration, phosphate of lime. It gives solidity to the osseous framework of the body, and, when too little is ...

Physiological Actions of Phosphate of Sodium

This salt is soluble in water in the proportion of four per cent. Hence it may be given in solution, and will readily diffuse through into the ...

Phosphate Therapy

In cases of the so-called bilious sick-headache, phosphate of soda is a most useful laxative. A permanent cure of this very troublesome malady may be wrought ...

Iron And Its Preparations

Ferrum Fer, Fr. ; Eisen, Ger. In the form of fine, bright, non-elastic wire. Ferrum Reductum Reduced ...

Iron And Its Preparations. Part 2

Syrupus Ferri Iodidi Sirup of ferrous iodide. A transparent liquid of a pale-green color. Composition: ...

Iron And Its Preparations. Part 3

Ferrum Dialysatum Dialyzed iron. This preparation is made by the process of diffusion, and is iron in the colloid state. It is odorless, without the styptic ...

Physiological Actions of Iron

Although metallic iron is inert, yet in the stomach it enters into combination dissolved in the acids, and then acquires molecular activity. As a result of its oxidation in the stomach, hydrogen ...

Iron Therapy

Iron-spraya weak solution of the liquor ferri subsul-phatis ( 3 j oz viij)is very serviceable as an astringent in obstinate cases of epistaxis. The nozzle of the delivery-...

Iron Therapy. Continued

The treatment of erysipelas by large doses ( x 3 j every four hours) of tincture of chloride of iron is now very generally adopted. It is questionable whether this practice is ...

Ferratin

By this term is meant a proprietary preparation of iron and albumin, the discovery of which we owe to Schmiedeberg and Marfori. It is an organic preparation, and exists preformed in the liver ...

Manganum. Manganese

Manganum Manganese Mangan, Ger. ; manganése, Fr. Mangani Dioxidum ...

Actions and Uses of the Permanganate of Potassa

This salt is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and yields up its oxygen readily in the form of ozone. Its use as an internal and ...

Manganese-rich Mineral Springs

1 North American Chalybeate Mineral Springs. Bailey Springs, Lauderdale County, Alabama. These springs contain carbonates of potassa, ...

Therapy of Chalybeate Waters

The uses of these waters are the same as the purely medicinal preparations of iron. They are indicated in chlorosis and anaemia, to supply to the ...

Bismuthum. Bismuth

Bismuthum Bismuth Bismuthi Subcarbonas.Bismuth subcarbonate. A white or ...

Bismuth Therapy

In the aphthae of children, nursing sore mouth, the milder cases of mercurial salivation, and in those painful ulcers of the mucous membrane of the mouth due to disorders of digestion, ...

Arsenicum. Arsenic

Arsenicum Arsenic Acidum arsenosum; arsenous acid. Acide arsénieux, Fr.; Arsenige Saure, Ger. Dose, 1/30 - 1/10 grain. ...

Arsenic Therapy

The preparations of arsenic are applicable to the treatment of the diseases of those tissues upon which it has a selective action. No remedy ...

External Uses of Arsenic

An arsenical paste having the following composition is used to destroy the sensibility of a carious tooth: arsenious acid, ij ; sulphate of morphia, j ; sufficient ...

The Simple Bitters

Quassia Quassi amer, Fr. ; Quassienholz, Ger. The wood of Picraena excelsa Lindley ( Quassia excelsa Swartz; Nat. ...

Physiological Actions of the Simple Bitters

The simple bitters increase secretion from the mucous membrane. In the mouth they promote the flow of saliva, and in the stomach they appear to stimulate ...

Aromatic Bitters

Serpentaria Virginia snakeroot. Serpetitaire de Virginie, Fr.; Schlangenwurzel, Ger. The rhizoma and rootlets of Aristolochia ...

Actions and Uses of Aromatic Bitters

These remedies possess the quality called tonic; they invigorate digestion, and promote constructive metamorphosis. They differ from the simple bitters in ...

Oleum Erigerontis and Oleum Erechthites

Oleum Erigerontis A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb of Erigeron canadense Linné (Nat. Ord. Gompositae). ...

Eucalyptus

Leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labillardiére (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae). Preparations Tinctura Eucalypti. (Not official.) Tincture of ...

Hydrastis

The rhizoma and roots of Hydrastis canadensis Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Yellow root. Preparations Extractum ...

Cinchona

Cinchona. The bark of Cinchona calisaya Wed-dell, Cinchona officinalis Linné, and of hybrids of these and of other species of Cinchona (...

Quinina. Quinine

Quinina Quinine Quinine. An alkaloid obtained from the bark of various species of ...

Physiological Actions of Cinchona

The preparations of cinchona are known as astringent bitters: they contain, in addition to bitter principles, two tannic acids. As bitters they act as ...

Physiological Actions of Cinchona. Continued

In small doses quinine exerts a distinct stimulant effect on the cerebrum, increases the mental activity, and even exhilarates in some mobile ...

Quinine Therapy (Cinchona)

A solution of quinine will sometimes, when applied to the nares, arrest an attack of summer catarrh, a malady which appears to he produced by the ...

Quinine Therapy (Cinchona). Part 2

A few large doses at short intervals until the necessary quantity is reached, or a single maximum dose if the stomach is tolerant, should be prescribed, rather than a succession of smaller doses....

Quinine Therapy (Cinchona). Part 3

In the so-called pernicious fever, it is agreed on all hands that the safety of the patient is secured only by the prompt use of large doses (twenty to sixty grains), and administration by the ...

Subcutaneous and Local Uses of Quinine

The increasing use of quinine hypodermatically requires further consideration of this subject. In pernicious intermittents and remittents, when life is ...

Orexilie

When first employed as a stomachic tonic it was administered in the form of the hydrochlorate. This proved so unpleasant in its effect on the stomach, and vomiting was so often induced by it, ...

Agents Promoting Destructive Metamorphosis Or Increasing Waste. Alkalies. Potassium

Potassium Preparations: Potassa.Potassa; potasse, Fr.; Kali hydricum, Ger. Caustic potash. Occurs in cylindrical rods, is very deliquescent, and ...

Physiological Action of the Potash Salts

The most recent experiments having shown that potash has quite distinct properties from the other alkalies of the group, each member of the group is considered separately. As an alkali, potash ...

Therapy of the Potash Salts

Chlorate of potash is in almost universal use as a remedy for catarrhal inflammation of the mouth, and fauces, for acute tonsillitis, aphthous ulcerations of the mouth, stomatitis materna, or ...

Sodium. Soda

Sodium Soda Soda; Natrium, Ger.; soude, Fr. Dry, white, translucent pencils, or fused masses. ...

Physiological Actions of the Salts of Sodium

In respect to the merely alkaline properties, there is a close correspondence between potassium and ...

Therapy of Sodium Salts

One of the important salts of soda the phosphate has been considered under the head of phosphates. The soda ...

Calcium

Calx.Lime; Kalk, Ger.; chaux, Fr. Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus. Precipitated calcium carbonate. A fine, white powder, insoluble in ...

Lithium

Lithium. Lithii Carbonas Lithium carbonate. A white powder, soluble in ...

External Applications of the Alkalies

A solution of common soda (impure bicarbonate) freely applied will often remove the fetid sweat of the feet, and the odorous emanations which in some subjects ...

Alkaline Mineral Springs

1. North America. Bladon Springs, Choctaw County, Alabama. A rolling, pine-woods region. They contain carbonate of ...

Therapeutical Uses of the Alkaline Mineral Waters

As we have seen that alkalies taken before meals increase the production of acid gastric juice, the alkaline mineral waters are serviceable in atonic dyspepsia. They are especially useful in ...

Saline Mineral Waters

1. North American. St. Catharine's Wells, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada. These contain chloride of ...

Ammonium And Its Preparations

Preparations Ammonii Benzoas.Ammonium benzoate. ...

Ammonia Therapy

Ammonia and its carbonate are sometimes used to diminish acidity of the stomach-juices. Obstinate vomiting, after irritating substances are removed, and when the vomited matters are acid, may be ...

Vapor of Ammonium Chloride

An apparatus for generating fumes of ammonium chloride has long been in use for the relief of affections of the upper nasal passages. I am indebted to my friend Dr. W. M. Mew, of the Army ...

Barium

Barii Chloridum Chloride of barium. Occurs in colorless, translucent tablets. It is soluble in diluted ...

Vegetable Acids

Acidum Aceticum Acetic acid. Liquid; specific gravity 1048. Colorless, having a pungent and characteristic odor. Of this acid one hundred grains ...

Acidum Oxalicu. Oxalic Acid

Acidum Oxalicu Oxalic Acid Properties Oxalic ...

Sulphurous Acid And The Sulphites

Acidum Sulphurosum Sulphurous acid. A colorless liquid, having the odor of burning sulphur, and a sulphurous, sour, and ...

Sulphur and Sulphides (Sulphurets)

Potassa Sulphurata Sulphurated potassa has a brownish-yellow color when freshly broken. It dissolves in water, with the ...

External Uses of the Sulphides

A solution of the sulphide of potassium ( 3 ss oz j) is an efficient application in scabies. An ...

Sulphurous Mineral Waters

1. North America French-Lick Springs. West-Baden Springs, Orange County, Indiana. Indian Springs, Martin County, Indiana. These ...

Iodine And Its Preparations

Iodine Iodum Iode, Fr.; Iod, Ger. ; Iodum, Latin. ...

Iodides

The iodides are among the most diffusible substances. They have a bitter, saline, and very disagreeable taste. In a few minutes after being swallowed, the taste of ...

Iodism

When the prolonged administration of iodine or iodides becomes necessary, certain precautions must be observed to ...

Iodine Therapy

The selection of an iodide for internal administration is influenced by the type of the individual, by the condition of the heart, and by the purpose to be subserved. If an idiosyncrasy to the ...

Local Uses of the Preparations of Iodine

The tincture of iodine is in universal use as a counter-irritant. It is applied by means of a camel's-hair brush to goitre, to enlarged ...

Iodo-Tannin

This is an excellent application for local diseases. Tannin may be dissolved to saturation in tincture of iodine, or an aqueous solution may ...

Acidum Iodicum. Iodic Acid

Acidum Iodicum Iodic Acid It occurs in the form of white crystalline tablets and masses, having a bitter taste, ...

Ether Hydriodicus. Ethyl Iodide

Ether Hydriodicus Ethyl Iodide Iodide of Ethyl This is a colorless, non-inflammable ...

Iodoformum. Iodoform

Iodoformum Iodoform Iodide of formyl. Small, lemon-yellow, lustrous crystals of the hexagonal system, having a saffron-like ...

Poisoning by Iodoform

It is very important to have a clear conception of the mischief which may be thus caused. As iodoform, or some corresponding chemical, will ...

Iodoform Therapy

In general it may be stated that iodoform is now used in all the wounds, injuries, diseases, requiring the action of an antiseptic. Chancres, ...

Iodol

The disagreeable, penetrating, and diffusive odor of iodoform has greatly restricted its use. The attempts made to overcome this inconvenient ...

Loretin

The chemical designation of this substitute for iodoform is meta-iodo-ortho-oxyquinoline-ana-sulphonic acid. Some more manageable title is clearly ...

Nosophen

This is the proprietary designation of tetra-iodo-phenol-phtalein, a recent substitute for iodoform. It contains, it is said, 61 per cent of ...

Europhen [not euphorin]

By this proprietary designation is iodo-iso-butyl-ortho-cresol now known. It has been brought forward as one of the substitutes for iodoform. It ...

Sozoiodol

The chemical name of this substance is di-iod-para-phenol-sidphonic acid. It combines with bases to form salts, of which the combinations with mercury, ...

Aristol

Dithymol-diiodide is a substitution compound, in which two molecules of hydroxyl have been replaced by two of iodoxyl, and to this product has been given the name ...

Airol

Under this designation Haegler has recently brought forward a combination of basic gallic acid with ...

Mercury

Hydrargyrum Mercury. Mercure, Fr.; Quecksilber, Ger. A silver-white metal, liquid at common temperatures,...

Mercury. Continued

Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati Ointment of ammoniated mercury. Composition: Ammoniated mercury, l0 grm.; benzoinated lard,...

Effects of the Different Mercury Preparations

Hydrargyrum cum creta, calomel, and blue-pill are very similar in action. Calomel, being insoluble, probably escapes solution and combination in the ...

Mercury Therapy

The acute glandular affections of throat and neck tonsillitis, parotitis, inflammation of the submaxillary and sublingual glandsare often speedily removed by mercurial ...

Mercury Therapy. Continued

All the salts of mercury possess the diuretic property to some extent, but the chlorides, especially calomel, are the most efficient. In cardiac dropsy calomel becomes ...

Local Uses of Mercurials

Recent experimental investigations on the action and comparative germicide properties of the various ...

Aurum. Gold

Aurum Gold Gold. Or, Fr. ; Gold, Ger. Auri ...

Silver

Silver. Argent, Fr.; Silber, Ger. Argenti Oxidum Silver oxide. An olive-brown powder, ...

New Silver Preparations

Although the new silver remedies are in the experimental stage, some reference should be made to their employment. Instead of the silver ...

Soluble Metallic Silver

Argentum Colloidale.Collargolum is possessed of the most valuable properties. This preparation is an allotropic modification of metallic silver, and is soluble ...

Cuprum. Copper

Cuprum Copper Copper. Cuivre, Fr.; Kapfer., Ger. ...

Plumbum. Lead

Plumbum Lead Lead. Plomb, Fr.; Blei, Ger. Plumbi ...

Lead Therapy

Acetate of lead is one of the astringent remedies employed to arrest haematemesis. It is more especially adapted to the vomiting of ...

Zincum. Zinc

Zincum Zinc Zinc. Zinc, Fr.; Zink, Ger. Zinci Oxidum ...

Zinc Therapy

The sulphate of zinc is much employed as an emetic in cases such as narcotic poisoning, where prompt and efficient action is necessary. Six grains will ...

Antimonium. Antimony

Antimonium Antimony Antimony. Antimoine, Ft.; Antimon, Ger. ...

Cadmium

Cadmium. Cadmium, Fr.; Kadmium, Ger. (Not official.) Cadmii Sulphas.Sulphate of cadmium ...

Strontium and its Salts

Strontii Bromidum. Strontium bromide. Colorless, transparent, hexagonal crystals, odorless, and having a bitter, saline taste. Very deliquescent. Soluble in 105 parts of ...

Cerium

Cerii Oxalas Cerium oxalate. A white powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, and ...

Uranium and its Salts

Uranii Nitras.Uranium Nitrate. Dose, gr. j to gr. v. It may be administered in pill form or in solution. Actions and Uses According to Dr. West, Leconte was the ...

Metallotherapy

Definition and Historical Development By the term metallotherapy is meant a curative method in which metals are applied to ...

Metallotherapy Actions and Applications

Charcot, as has been stated, supposed that the effects produced by the application of metals were due to electrical action. This theory does not suffice to explain all of the effects. By Dr. ...

Alumen. Alum

Alumen Alum Alum. Alun, Fr.; Alaun, Ger. Large, colorless, octahedral crystals, ...

Alumnol

Under this name is known a naphthol-sulphonic-acid salt of aluminum. It is supposed to contain 5 per cent of aluminum and 15 per cent of sulphur, and is a white powder ...

Acidum Tannicum. Tannic Acid

Acidum Tannicum Tannic Acid Tannic acid. Tanin, Fr.; ...

Acidum Gallicum. Gallic Acid

Acidum Gallicum Gallic Acid Acide gallique, Fr.; Gallpfel-saure, Ger. ...

Catechu

Catechu. An extract prepared principally from the wood of Acacia catechu. Cachou, Fr.; ...

Kino

Kino. The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus marsupium, and of other plants (Nat. Ord. Leguminoseae). Kino de l'lnde, Fr.; Kino Gummi, Ger. ...

Krameria. Rhatany

Krameria Rhatany Rhatany. The root of ...

Haematoxylon. Logwood

Haematoxylon Logwood The heart-wood of Haematoxylon cam-pechianam Linné...

Geranium

Cranesbill. The rhizona of Geranium maculatum Linné (Nat. Ord. Geraniaceae). Extractum Geranii Fluidum ...

Quercus Alba. White-oak Bark

Quercus Alba White-oak Bark The bark of Quercus alba ...

Rosa Gallica. Red Rose

Rosa Gallica Red Rose The petals of Rosa gallica Linné (Nat. Ord. ...

Rubus. Blackberry-root

Rubus Blackberry-root Bark of the root of Rubus Canadensis and Rubus ...

Myrica Cerifera. Bayberry. Wax-myrtle

Myrica Cerifera Wax-myrtle Bayberry (Not official.) Bark of the stem and root....

Statice Limonium. Marsh Rosemary

Statice Limonium Marsh Rosemary Marsh rosemary....

Alnus Serrulata. Common Alder

Alnus Serrulata Common Alder Common alder. (Not ...

Heuchera. Alum-root

Heuchera Alum-root Alum-root. Root of ...

Hamamelis

The leaves of Hamamelis virginiana (Nat. Ord. Hamamelaceae). Witch-hazel. Extractum Hamamelidis ...

Nymphaea Odorata. Sweet-scented Water-lily

Nymphaea Odorata Sweet-scented Water-lily Sweet-scented water-lily. Root. ...

Castanea

Leaves of Castanea vesca Linné (Nat. Ord. Cupuliferce), collected in September or October, while still green. (U. S. P.) Composition....

Physiological Actions of Tannin

Tannin has a bitter astringent taste, and constringes the mucous membrane. In the stomach it enters into combination with albumen, and with the pepsin of the gastric ...

Tannin Therapy

Catarrh of the stomach, a relaxed state of the mucous membrane, acidity, and flatulence, are conditions in which tannic acid is useful. ...

Tannin Therapy. Continued

The following mixture is very effective in menorrhagia, hematuria, purpura hemorrhagica, and the hemorrhagic diathesis: Rx Acidi gallici, 3 ss; acid, sulphur, dil., 3 ...

Pyrogallol

Pyrogallic acid. A triatomic phenol. Properties Gallic acid, subjected to a high temperature, loses its ...

Tannigen

As the name implies, this is a derivative of tannin, and has for its formula (C14H8[CH3,CO]209). It was originally produced by Meyer, of Marburg, and the first investigation of its properties ...

Ichthyol

The source of ichthyol is a bituminous mineral rich in the remains of fossilized fish and other marine animals. From this mineral it is derived by distillation, and ...

Colchicum. Meadow Saffron

Colchicum Meadow Saffron Meadow saffron. Colchique, Fr.; ...

Sarsaparilla

Sarsaparilla. Root of Smilax officinalis and other species of smilax (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Separeille, Fr.; Sarsaparill-wurzel, Ger. ...

Guaiacum. Guaiac

Guaiacum Guaiac Guaiac. Gayac, Fr.; Franzosenholz, Ger. ...

Stillingla

Root of Stillingia sylvatica Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphor-biacece). Extractum Stillingiae, Fluidum Fluid extract of stillingia. ...

Sanguinaria. Blood-root

Sanguinaria Blood-root Blood-root. The rhizoma of ...

Xanthexylum. Prickly Ash

Xanthexylum Prickly Ash Prickly ash. The bark of Xanthoxylum ...

Fraxinus Americana

The inner bark of the root. (Not official.) Preparation Vinum Fraxini. The inner bark of the root collected in November, eight ...

Viburnum Opulus. Cramp Bark

Viburnum Opulus Cramp Bark Cramp bark. The bark of ...

Remedies Used To Destroy Microbes Or Morbific Germs, And To Prevent Or Arrest Septic Processes (Antiseptics, Or Germicides). Antiseptics

Antiseptics Those remedies are entitled antiseptic which are employed to arrest fermentative processes. It is now generally admitted that every kind of ...

Oxygenium. Oxygen

Oxygenium Oxygen Oxygen. Oxygéne, Fr.; Säuerstoff, Ger. (Not official.) ...

Ozone

Active oxygen.Hydrogen Dioxide. The peculiar odor of ozone explains the name given it by its discoverer, Schö...

Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi

Solution of hydrogen dioxide. Peroxide of hydrogen. A slightly acid, aqueous solution of hydrogen dioxide, containing, when freshly prepared, about three per cent by weight of the pure ...

Chlorinium. Chlorine

Chlorinium Chlorine Chlorine. Chlore, Fr.; Ghlor, Ger. (Not official.) ...

Bromum. Brome. Bromine

Bromum Brome Bromine Bromine. ...

Gaseous Enemata and Inhalations

Although some observations have been made on this topic (pages 8 and 9), the remarkable development the method has undergone, and the absorbed attention given to the whole subject by the medical ...

Acidum Carbolicum. Carbolic Acid

Acidum Carbolicum Carbolic Acid Carbolic acid. ...

Carbolic Acid Therapy

Nausea and vomiting due to an irritable state of the stomach-nerves are relieved by carbolic acid. Combination with ...

Parenchymatous Injection of Carbolic Acid

The deep-seated injection of carbolic acid has been proposed and successfully practiced for the relief of various morbid states. ...

Local Application of Carbolic Acid

Itching of the skin, arising from any cause, is allayed by sponging the part with a solution of carbolic acid. Rx Acid, carbol., 3 ...

Sulphocarbolates

Sodii Sulphocarbolas. Sulphocarbolate of sodium. Potassii Sulphocarbolas; Calcii Sulphocarbolas; Magnesii Sulphocarbolas. Of these salts, ...

The Subcutaneous Injection of Carbolic Acid

Although references have been made to the injection of carbolic acid, it is desirable to indicate some of the more recent applications of this method. For this purpose the author has employed a ...

Trichlorphenol

A preparation of much promise and which has yielded good results is that named trichlorphenol. It is produced by a combination of chlorinated lime and ...

Creosotum. Creosote

Creosotum Creosote Creosote.A mixture of phenols, chiefly ...

Guaiacol

Methyl-pyrocatechin is the chemical designation, and it consists for the most part of creosotefrom 60 to 90 per cent. It is a colorless, ...

Acidum Salicylicum. Salicylic Acid

Acidum Salicylicum Salicylic Acid Salicylic ...

Sodii Salicylas. Sodium Salicylate

Sodii Salicylas Sodium Salicylate Sodium ...

Salicylic Acid Therapy

The applications of salicylic acid in the treatment of disease are based on the results of the physiological examination. In ...

Resorcinum. Resorcin

Resorcinum Resorcin Resorcin. A diatomic phenol. ...

Phenoresorcin

By the term phenoresorcin is meant, by River-din, a mixture of carbolic acid and ...

Chinolin

So long ago as 1834 this substance was separated from coal-tar by Runge, and given the name Leukoline. Subsequently it was obtained by Gerhardt from the cinchona ...

Thallinum. Thallin

Thallinum Thallin Thallin. This is a proprietary designation to take the place of ...

Salicetol

This is a combination of acetol and salicylic acid. It occurs as a white crystalline powder, having a bitter taste, but is ...

Salophen

Acetyl-para-amido-salol. A non-toxic compound, being an effective substitute for salicylic acid, and ...

Salol

The name applied to this agent harmonizes with such as phenol, naphthol, and others, now in general use. It is a salicylate of phenol. As it appears in commerce it is a white powder, having a ...

Antipyrin

The chemical name of this remedy is dimethyloxy-quinizine, which is so unmanageable that it could hardly be brought into general use. The original discoverers and promoters of the new agent ...

Salipyrin

By the combination of salicylic acid and antipyrin is produced a crystallized powder having many ...

Naphtalin

According to Fronmüller, naphtalin (or naphthalin) was discovered so long ago as 1820, but its applications in medical practice have been developed since the ...

Naphtol

There are two naphtols, derivatives of naphtalin, but beta-naphtol is the one prescribed. Beta-...

Pyridine

Pyridine is a volatile liquid, having a strong, diffusive, and somewhat aromatic odor. Its vapor is given off at ordinary temperatures, and its therapeutical effects ...

Phenacetin

Among the more recent contributions to the antiseptic and antipyretic group, phenacetin is the most promising. Although without danger in the dosage necessary for ...

Saccharinum

Saccharin, as it has been happily named, is, in chemical language, orthosulphaminbenzoic acid. The name is based on the most important physical qualitythe sweetnessbut it is an ...

Acidum Boricum. Boric Acid

Acidum Boricum Boric Acid Boric acid. Acide boracique, Fr.; ...

Benzoinum. Benzoin

Benzoinum Benzoin Benzoin. A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax benzoin Dryander ...

Acetanilidum. Acetanilid

Acetanilidum Acetanilid Acetanilid (Antifebrin).An acetyl ...

Antiseptic Oils

Oleum Caryophylli.Oil of cloves. Composition Oil of cloves consists of two substancesa hydrocarbon, light oil of cloves, and an oxygenated oil, eugenol, ...

Spiritus Gaultheriae

(Oil of gaultheria, 50 c. c.; alcohol, 950 c. c.) Dose, 3 ss 3 ij- Oil of gaultheria has been proposed and used successfully as a substitute for ...

Oleum Cajuputi

Oil of cajuput. The volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae). Dose, v xx. Composition The ...

Thymol

A phenol occurring in the volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris, Linné, Monarda punctata, Linné (Nat. Ord. Labiatae), etc. Large, colorless, translucent crystals of the ...

Thymacetin

Under this name appears a derivative of thymol, corresponding to phenacetin, a derivative of phenol. It occurs in the form of whitish ...

Myrtol

This new antiseptic has the same relative origin as thymol; it is derived from the myrtle, and is an oil, isomeric with the oil of ...

Menthol

A stearopten (having the character of a secondary alcohol) obtained from the official oil of peppermint (from Mentha piperita, Smith) or from Japanese or Chinese oil ...

Teucrin

Mosetig-Moorhof gave the name teucrin to a concentrated, sterilized extract of Teucrium scordiumExtractum teucrii scordii depuratuma member of the ...

Animal Extracts. Ptomaines And Leucomaines. Toxins And Antitoxins

Ptomaines and Leucomaines Peculiar basic compounds have for some time been known to exist in the tissues of animals corresponding to the ...

Orchitic or Testicular Extract

It is unnecessary to go into details regarding the effects of ablation of the testes. The changes in the hair and skin, the loss of subcutaneous fat, the alteration of the voice, and the mental ...

Renal and Supra-renal Glands

The most important of the glandular remedies after the thyroid is the supra-renal. Some favorable reports have been made regarding the utility of preparations of the kidney, in affections of ...

Thyroid Body

The most conspicuous example of benefit from the use of an organic substance is that afforded by the thyroid body. Schiff was the first to demonstrate that ...

Extract of Bone Marrow

The red marrow of bones, especially of the ribs, has been utilized in medical practice. The marrow itself, finely subdivided and seasoned suitably, has been eaten spread on buttered bread. For ...

Toxins and Antitoxins

Besides those basic compounds known as leucomaines and ptomaines, certain toxic albuminous substances (tox-albumins) are found already formed, or are artificially created. They are now usually ...

Agents Used To Modify The Functions Of Organs Of The Nervous System

In this division, remedies are employed with a view to their influence over the functions of the nervous system. They do not immediately or necessarily affect the function of nutrition; they do ...

Those Exciting The Functional Activity Of The Spinal Cord And Sympathetic Electricity

Electricity Fr.; Electricität, Ger Forms of Electrical Force employed in Medical Practice.Magnetism, static or frictional electricity (franklinism), ...

Magnetism

Magnets are natural or artificial. The former consist of a native iron-ore possessed of the magnetic property ; the latter are pieces of steel in which the magnetic property has been induced. ...

Galvanism

All chemical action is accompanied by electrical phenomena. The electricity furnished by the galvanic combinations in use is derived from a chemical action which takes place in the elements. ...

Galvanism. Part 2

The Bunsen combination is a most efficient one (Figs. 6 and 7). The outer zinc plate has a cleft, and is immersed in dilute sulphuric acid, while the carbon, ...

Galvanism. Part 3

There are several modes of ascertaining the current strength. The voltameter (Fig. 8) is an instrument for collecting the oxygen and hydrogen produced ...

Faradism, or Electro-Magnetism and Magneto-Electricity

Faradism, so named in honor of Faraday, is induced electricity. When the galvanic current passes through the conjunctive wire of the elements of a cup, especially of a battery, it acquires new ...

Storage Cells, Accumulators, etc

The Planté cell was the first application of the principle of polarization to the storage of electrical energy. This consisted at first of plates of lead ...

The Public Supply of Electricity

Arrangements are now available for utilizing the public sources of electric lighting and power. There are two forms of the force which can be diverted from the street mains to the office ...

Galvano-Faradization

The pole-board of a finished electrical apparatus should have an arrangement for combining the galvanic and faradic currents, so that a simultaneous application of the two can be made. Proposed ...