The Wood-Lathe, shown in Fig. 2, has as its principal parts the shears, the head-stock, the tail-stock, and the rest. The head-stock is fixed at one end of the shears, and the tail-stock and rest are movable along it, and may be temporarily fixed at any desired place by means of clamps.

Fig. 2.

The office of the shears is to support the head-stock and the tail-stock in such a manner that the axes of their spindles will be in the same straight line in whatever position on the shears the tail-stock may be clamped. A section through the head-stock is shown in Fig. 3. The head-stock carries the live-spindle, shown at [a], and this live-spindie is the means used to revolve the wood which is being turned. Attached to the live-spindle is a cone-pulley, shown at [b], over which a driving-belt passes, and this belt turns the spindle. A fork, or some other device, is attached to the end of the spindle, and the wood being operated on is driven on this fork and revolves with the spindle. The spindle turns in bearings, or boxes, shown at [c], and [a]-[d] are oil-holes through which oil is supplied to the rubbing surfaces. The screw shown on the end of the spindle, at [g], is for the attachment of face-plates and similar apparatus. See Fig. 2. Very often end movement of the spindle is prevented by means of an adjusting-screw, shown at [f]. A couple of drops of oil ought to be put into each oil-hole when the lathe is first started. Removable caps are used to keep dust out of the oil-holes. The spindle is usually made hollow, and the live-centre may be pushed out of it by an iron rod passed through from the back end. The tail-stock, shown in Fig. 4, supports the tail-spindle, [a], in which is held the dead-centre, [b], - so called because it does not revolve. Between this dead-centre and the live-centre of the head-stock the material being operated upon revolves. The tail-stock may be fixed at any desired position on the shears by the clamp, [c]. The spindle may be pushed out from, or drawn back into, the tail-stock by means of the screw and handle shown at [d], and further movement prevented by means of the clamp-handle shown at [f]. The dead-centre may be taken out of the spindle, when it is desired to change it, by turning the handle until its back end strikes against the front end of the screw.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.