Care of brushes from day to day?

The best alcohol or shellac cans? Cans for delicate woods?

Cleaning ware? Preparation for Demonstration; Assignment for Lesson 17 Essentials, Section 149. Demonstration The essential points in using brush. Section 149.

(That no point may be omitted have one boy with open book enumerate the steps, Section 149.) Work Continue Group VII, Woodwork.

GRADE VIII. Lesson 17. (Woodworking Group VII.)

Recitation State the seven steps in using a brush.

Feathering strokes? What? How taken?

Edges or surfaces first? Working out over edges?

Picking up surplus liquid ?

What is the order in working finish on internal corner, panels, stiles, rails?

Horizontal or vertical position prefered?

Tracing ? What ? Preparation for Demonstration; Assignment for Lesson 18 Essentials, Sections 150, 151. Demonstration The essential points in applying filler. Work Continue Group VII, Woodwork.

Grade VIII

(Woodworking Group VII.)

Lesson 18.

Recitation Fillers? Two kinds and their uses?

Are fillers absolutely necessary? Explain.

Liquid filler? How applied and where used mostly?

Why is shellac used on close grained woods in fine cabinet work for first coat instead of filler or varnish?

Paste filler? Of what made? The cause of contrasts in the grain of filled wood?

Four steps in filling a coarse grained surface?

How long ought filler to stand before applying other coatings ?

Caution about excelsior and rags used in filling? Assignment for Lesson 19 Essentials, Review Sections 152, 153.

Demon stration None. Work Continue Group VII, Woodwork applying finish as needed.

Grade VIII

(Woodworking Group VII.)

Lesson 19.

Recitation Three kinds of stains?

Advantages and disadvantages of water stain ?

Advantages and disadvantages of oil stain ?

Advantages and disadvantages of spirit stain?

How is water stain applied ? How thinned ?

How is oil stain applied ? How thinned ?

How is spirit stain applied ? How thinned ?

Fumed oak? What is it and how obtained?

Is waxing an old or new finish ? How made by our ancestors ?

Advantages and disadvantages of wax finishes?

State five steps in applying a waxed finish. Preparation for Demonstration ; Assignment for Lesson 20 Essentials, Sections 154, 155, 156. Demonstration The essential points in shellacing preparatory to waxing.

The order in producing a waxed finish with and without shellac; with and without water stain. Work Continue Group VII.

Grade VIII

(Woodworking Group VII.)

Lesson 20.

Recitation The two kinds of varnish?

Why do varnishes vary in price?

What are rubbing varnishes?

Necessary conditions for good varnishing? Why these conditions?

Shellac ? Where found ? What is it ? How prepared ?

Two kinds of shellac?

White shellac, how made and where used especially?

Orange shellac, advantages and disadvantages?

Caution about applying shellac?

Why is shellac sometimes used before varnish and wax ?

Describe method of producing egg-shell gloss shellac finish. Assignment for Lesson 21 Essentials, Section 113. Instructor explain the mounted specimens of wood illustrating tree structure. Demonstration None. Work—

Continue Group VII.

Grade VIII

(Woodworking Group VII.)

Lesson 21.

Recitation Tree structure? A tree is cut in three directions for study, what are they? How does each section lie? If a young sprout should be cut across what three layers of tissue?

If tissue is magnified how would it appear to be composed? If the end of a log is examined how will it have changed from that of the sprout? Name six divisions of tissue of the log beginning at the center. What makes the rings and why are some light and some dark? Is a year's growth composed of the dark or the light rings or both ?

Why are the centers of the rings sometimes out of the log's center ? General divisions of tissue are Pith, Wood, Bark. How is heart-wood formed? Its purpose? How is sap-wood formed? Its purpose? Where does the actual growing take place? What layers of tissue are on either side of the cambium? What is the inner side of the bark called ? What is cortex?

Medullary rays? Of what composed? Purpose? What makes grain in sawed lumber? Knots ?

Assignment for Lesson 22 Essentials, Section 114. Demonstration None. Work Continue Group VII.

Grade VIII

(Woodworking Group VII.)

Lesson 22.

Recitation What is the life blood of a tree called?

Beginning with the tree in early spring, explain the movement or lack of movement of the sap.

The effect upon the tree of the sap's movement in the spring?

What part do the leaves perform in the digestive process?

Chlorophyll ? Assimilation ?

The sap circulation from mid-summer to the end of summer?

Effect upon the leaves?

What becomes of the descending sap?

Does the upward movement of the sap and the downward movement of the changed sap take place at the same time?

Do the leaves drop because the sap descends or does the sap descend because the leaves drop off? Assignment for Lesson 23 Essentials, Sections 115, 116, 117. Instructor explain mounted specimens illustrating shrinkage. Demonstration None. Work Continue Group VII.

Pupils, finishing projects in Group VII now, may get out stock and begin squaring it up for Group VIII.

Grade VIII

(Woodworking Group VII.)

Lesson 23,

Recitation Respiration is another name for breathing. How does it apply to plants ?

Animals breath in oxygen and breath out carbonic acid gas.

How about plants?

Carbonic acid gas is poisonous. Is it harmful to have plants in the house? Explain. How do trees breathe?

Transpiration? What is it and where and why does it take place? What per cent. of living cell is water? Where is the water contained ? Which has more water sap-wood or heart-wood ? Which is stronger green or seasoned wood ? Shrinkage? What makes a plank cut from a tree shrink? Could a plank shrink without having water in the interior of the cells? Explain why a plank shrinks across the grain but not along as the eye can see. Two reasons a log shrinks more along the rings than along the radii. The effect of this greater shrinkage along the rings? Which shrinks more, sap-wood or heart-wood? Effect on a plain sawed board? (On a quarter-sawed board?) Which shrinks more soft or hard wood ? Assignment for Lesson 24 Essentials, Sections 118, 119, 120. Instructor explain mounted specimens illustrating grain formations - straight, curled, bird's eye. Demonstration None. Work Continue Group VII.

Pupils, finishing projects in Group VII now, may get out stock and begin squaring it up for Group VIII.

GRADE VIII. Lesson 24. (Woodworking Group VIII.)