Elementary Sloyd And Whittling | by Gustaf Larsson

Introduction

Sloyd is tool work so arranged and employed as to stimulate and promote vigorous, intelligent self - activity for a purpose which the worker recognizes as good. By 'Elementary Sloyd' is meant bench wo...

How to Present Elementary Sloyd

As a general rule, the method of procedure should be: First: From the model. Second: From model and drawing. Third: From drawing alone. Fourth: From the children's own suggestions guided by the teach...

Common Trees And Woods

The following brief description of a few kinds of common trees and woods, with the different American and Latin names, may be of interest and help to teachers and students of Elementary Sloyd and Whit...

Supplementary Reading On Trees For The Teacher

Our Native Trees, by Harriet L. Keeler, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. American Woods, by Romeyn Hough, Lowville, N. Y. The Trees of North-Eastern America, by Charles S. Newhall. Timber,...

Supplementary Reading On Trees For Children

The following list of books for children contains facts about trees, descriptions of trees and their habits, as well as stories, myths, and legends in prose and poetry. Most of the volumes are illustr...

Single Adjustable Sloyd Bench

The Bench here illustrated was designed by the author in 1889. It differs from the ordinary carpenter's bench in that it is adjustable to suit the height of the worker. Instead of the common iron benc...

Work Table For Four Pupils

This Table is designed for use in places where the regular single sloyd bench is thought too expensive. It is a strong Table. Size of top, thirty-six by thirty-six inches; height, thirty inches; four ...

Clamp Vise

In order further to lessen the expense of an outfit, Clamp Vises may be obtained and fastened to a horizontal board or strong table. This clamp can be used only while doing light work. Fig. 3. To...

New Pencil Compasses

Lead pencil No. 3 is recommended for wood-work. Keep point of pencil about one inch long. In sharpening, remove wood with knife and point the lead on No. 1 sandpaper. Fig. 4. In using Compasses a...

Rule (Boxwood, 2 Ft. 2 Fold)

Hold Rule on edge in measuring and marking distances, but lay it flat on material in drawing lines. Fig. 5. ...

Iron Smoothing-Plane, 8 In. X 1 3-4 In. Cutter (Bailey)

Set Cap-iron about one - sixteenth of an inch from edge of Plane-iron. Adjust plane iron for coarse or fine shavings by using the thumb on the brass adjusting-nut (thumb-screw) while resting the heel...

Bench-Hook, Oak

Examine Bench-hook with try square to see if it is true. If not, correct it before using. Hook it over edge of bench or fasten in vise flat and firmly. Fig. 8. ...

Splitting Saw (Special, 14 In. 10 Pts.)

This Saw is used for sawing with the grain of the wood, or in the direction in which the wood splits. The cutting - off or cross-cut Saw is used for cutting across the fibres of the wood. For shape of...

Iron Handle Try Square

This tool consists of blade and beam or handle, and is used for testing surfaces which should be at right angles to each other, and for spuaring lines across the wood. In using hold the handle firmly ...

Bit Brace (Barber, 4 In.)

Fasten the bit securely in the jaws. When using hold the head of the brace in the left hand and turn crank to right. Fig. 12. ...

Drill Bit, With Bit Point

This bit is used for boring holes for nails, screws, etc. This tool has a triangular point to insure its boring in the right place. Be careful to hold bit at right angles to wood and use light, even p...

Centre Bit

This tool is useful for boring in thin wood, as it does not split it. Bore only until the centre or spur comes through, then turn wood and finish. The bit should be sharpened with a fine file and sli...

Tool Handle With 20 Awls And Tools

The cuts of this tool illustrate the various uses for which it is adapted. Fig. 16. In using the brad-awl place the edge across the grain of the wood and repeatedly turn the hand half-way around ...

Back Saw, 10 Inch

This is a saw with very fine teeth and makes a smooth cut. In Elementary Sloyd it may be used in place of the cross-cut saw. Fig. 17. The thin blade is strengthened by an iron 'back, from which ...

Hammer, A. E. B. F. (7 Oz.)

Hold the hammer near the end of handle and strike squarely on the nail head. When withdrawing nails with the claw of the hammer place a block of wood under the head so as not to injure the planed surf...

Nail Set (Hollow Point)

The nail set is used for driving nails below the surface of the wood. The hole left in the wood after setting the nail may be partly closed by applying a drop of water, but no putty or plug should be ...

Half Round File, 8 In

A file should never be used when an edge tool can accomplish the work. Fig. 20. In smoothing a surface to a line hold the handle of the file with the right hand and place the left hand at the end...

Turning Saw (8 In., I - 8 In. Blade, 12 Pts.)

Before using the turning saw, see that the blade is perfectly straight and tight. Grasp the saw with both hands at the handle where the teeth of the saw point away from you and move it squarely throug...

Iron Spoke-Shave

The spoke-shave is a most valuable tool because both hands are equally used. Originally it was used in making spokes, hence its name. It can be used either from you or towards you, but always on curve...

Screw-Driver. 3-In. Round

See that the end of the screw-driver is perfectly flat and that the narrow sides are as nearly parallel as possible. In using hold it firmly and straight in the groove of the screw head, so as not to ...

Sloyd Knife, 3-In. Blade

The knife is not recommended for Elementary Sloyd, as children may not have sufficient strength for its use. It is a useful tool, however, in places where no other can be used conveniently. The knife ...

Compass Saw (Iron Handle)

The compass or keyhole saw is used to saw interior parts, such as keyholes, picture - frames, etc. Fig. 25. ...

Drawing Knife

This tool, like the spoke-shave, can be used with both hands. It is used for heavy work in cutting off rough edges, branches and bark, rounding poles, handles, etc. In using the drawing knife the wood...

Flat File, Smooth, 5 In

This file is used for sharpening bits, cap irons, etc., previous to the use of the slip stone. Fig. 27 ...

Slip Stone

Fig. 28. The slip stone is used for whetting the inside of gouges, bits, etc. ...

Sharpening Outfit

Fig. 29. The oil stone should be kept clean and straight. If uneven it is difficult to sharpen the tools properly. To make the oil stone level fasten a half sheet of No. 1 sandpaper on a board,...

Grindstone, 18-In. Diameter

Fig. 30. Keep water in the trough only when grinding. In sharpening edge tools turn the stone toward the edge of the tool. Hold the tool steadily and firmly and give a lateral motion across the st...

List Of Tools And Material For Four Pupils

1 Work Table for four pupils, $10. Single Adjustable Sloyd Bench, $9. 4 New Pencil Compasses, with Lead Pencil No. 3. 4 Rules (boxwood, 2 foot, 2 fold). 4 Iron Smoothing Planes, 8 x 1 3/4 cutter (B...

Amount Of Wood For The First Twelve Models For Four Pupils

The wood should be of the best quality, kiln-dried and planed. 4 square feet 1/4 inch White wood. 7 3/8 3 1/2 ...

I. - Pencil Sharpener

Whitewood, 1/4 inch. Fig. 31. Tools Pencil, Rule, Plane, Bench Hook. Directions Wood prepared 6 1/8 x 1 3/4 inches. 1. Plane one side straight. 2. Measure width, draw line, and plane. 3. Pl...

2. - Hat And Brush Rack

White Pine 5/8 inch. Fig. 32. New Tools Splitting Saw, Try Square, Bit Brace, and Drill Bit. Directions Wood prepared in length 14 1/4 inches. 1. Plane one side straight and square. 2. Measu...

3. - Stand

Whitewood. 1/4 and 5/8 inch. Fig. 33. New Tools Back Saw, Hammer, and Nail Set. Directions Wood for supports 11 x 5/8 inch, for slats 11 x 1/4 inch. 1. Saw for supports 1 inch wide and plane ...

4. - Swing Board

Fig. 34. Whitewood. 5/8 inch. New Tools Centre Bit 3/4 inch, half-round File 8 inches. Directions Wood prepared in length 13 1/4 inches. 1. See 1 and 2 in Model No. 2. 2. Fasten wood firmly ...

5. - Teapot Stand

Fig. 35. Whitewood. 3/8 inch. New Tools Pencil Compasses, Turning Saw, Spoke-shave, Screw-driver, 1/2 inch. Centre Bit with lip filed away is used in making the feet. Directions Wood prepared ...

6. Shelf For Photographs

Fig. 36 Whitewood. 1/4 and 1/2 inch. New Tools Cross-cut Saw and Knife. Directions 1. Let pupil estimate the proper amount of wood. 2. Explain and illustrate to children the difference betwee...

7. Ring Toss

Fig. 37. Whitewood. 5/8 and 7/8 inch, 5/8-inch dowel. New Tools Countersink. Directions See 1, 3, and 4 in Model No. 6. 1. If a bevel is desired, draw lines and plane. 2. Locate holes for sc...

8. Spade

Fig. 38. Whitewood. Thickness, 5/8 inch. Directions 1. See 1, 3, and 4 in Model No. 6. 2. Measure and draw on wood straight lines and arcs for handle and blade. 3. Bore holes and saw with spli...

9. Calendar Back

Fig. 39. Sweet Gum or Black Walnut 1/4 inch. Directions 1. Prepare wood 7 inches long, and plane to correct width. 2. Draw centre line and construction for top. 3. Finish with turning saw, kni...

10. Frame

Fig. 40. Sweet Gum or Black Walnut 1/4 inch. New Tools Compass Saw. Directions 1. Prepare oblong. 2. Draw lines for opening. 3. Place centres for finch holes at corners and bore. 4. Use com...

11. - Handkerchief Box

Fig. 41. Sweet Gum or Black Walnut. 3/8 and 1/4 inch. Directions 1. Prepare sides in one piece and finish to required dimensions. 2. Sandpaper inside and nail, using 1-inch brads. 3. Prepare co...

12. - Cart

Fig. 42. Whitewood. 1/2, 3/8, and 7/8 inch. Maple Dowel 5/8 x 24 inches. Directions 1. Prepare sides and bottom in one piece, and the ends in similar manner. 2. Finish separate parts and nail b...

Supplementary Models

By supplementary models is meant a variety of objects containing given exercises to suit individual needs. ...

Toy Windmill

Fig. 43. White Pine. 7/8 and 1/2 inch. Directions 1. Make base according to drawing. 2. Make upright support 6 3/4 x 7/8 inches square. 3. Plane one end square in bench hook. 4. Taper with pl...

Kite

Fig. 44. Whitewood. 1/4 inch. Directions 1. Prepare with saw and plane two strips of wood, one 24 x 5/16 inches and the other 18 x 5/16 inches. 2. Cut notches at ends with knife according to dr...

Toy Boat

Fig. 45. White Pine. 1/2 inch. Directions 1. Prepare wood 11 1/2 x 3 1/2 inches. 2. Plane one side straight. 3. Draw centre line parallel to planed side. 4. Divide distances of length and squ...

Dolus Chair

Fig. 46. Whitewood. 3/8 inch. Directions 1. Prepare an oblong for back according to the drawing. 2. Saw out side pieces and seat in one length and plane width. 3. Mark length of each piece acc...

Doll's Table

Fig. 47. Whitewood. 3/8 inch. Directions 1. Mark and cut two legs in one length and plane width. 2. Mark length of each piece, saw, and plane. 3. Make top. 4. Prepare shelf and two cleats acc...

Doll's Bedstead

Fig. 48. Whitewood. 3/8 and 1/4 inch. Directions 1. Make the two uprights in one length, plane narrow sides. 2. Mark length, saw, and plane. 3. Make the two side pieces in one width, plane nar...

Shelf

Fig. 49. Whitewood. 3/8 inch. Directions 1. Construct the parts in detail upon paper or blackboard. 2. Let pupil estimate amount of wood required. 3. Take greatest length of parts in the direc...

Bird House

Fig. 50. Whitewood. 1/2 inch. Directions 1. See 1 in model Shelf. Fig. 49. 2. Estimate wood for back and front in one piece and sides and bottom in one. 3. Plane required width of these two pi...

Sled

Fig. 51. Detail of supports at A Whitewood or Ash. 3/4 inch. Directions 1. Prepare a piece for the two runners about 36 1/4 x 7 1/2 inches. 2. Construct the outline of runners and saw with spli...

Tabouret

Fig. 52. Whitewood or Basswood. 5/8 inch. Directions 1. Saw out two pieces of wood for sides, one 34 1/2 x 10 1/4 inches and the other 34 1/2 x 9 inches. 2. If too long to plane, cut each piece...

Staining And Polishing

Generally it is best to keep the natural color of the wood, especially when the color and the grain have a pleasing appearance. Some simple stain may be applied on such plain objects as would warrant...

Whittling

In the Elementary Sloyd described in the first part of this book, whittling is not practised. As a general rule, children under twelve years of age have not sufficient strength or control of the hand ...

Whittling General Directions

1. With the point of the knife draw and cut in a good sitting posi tion; but whittle, use the sandpaper, bore, etc., in an easy, correct standing position. 2. Always hold the rule on the edge in meas...

1. - Plant Label

Fig. 53. Basswood. 3/16 inch. Directions Wood sawed off 7 1/4 and split to 1 1/2 inches. 1. Draw a straight line near and parallel to one split edge and whittle to it. 2. Mark width at each en...

2. - Pencil Sharpener

Fig. 54. Whitewood. 3/16 inch. Directions Wood sawed off and split 6 1/4 x I 3/4 inches. 1. See 1 and 2 in Model No. 1. 2. Square line across near one end and whittle to it. 3. Measure length...

Match Scratcher

Fig. 56. Whitewood. 1/8 inch. Directions Wood prepared 6 1/4 x 2 1/2 inches. 1. See 1 and 2, Model No. 1. 2. Draw centre line. 3. Locate points for centres of semicircles at each end, and squ...

5. - Stand For Paper File

Fig. 57. Whitewood. 1/4 inch. Directions Wood prepared 4 1/4 x 3 3/4 inches. 1. Find centre of wood and draw straight line with the grain. 2. Draw a circle of 2-inch radius. 3. Construct hexa...

6. - Tag

Fig. 58. Whitewood. 1/8 inch. Directions Wood prepared 4 1/2x1 3/4 inches. 1. See 1 in Model No. 5. 2. Locate points for arcs and draw circles. 3. Draw straight lines through tangents. 4. Wh...

7. -Thread Winder

Fig. 59. Basswood. 3/16 inch. Directions Wood prepared 3 3/4 x 2 1/4 inches. 1. See 1 and 2 in Model No. 1. 2. Square line across near one end and whittle to it. 3. Measure length, square lin...

8. - Mat

Fig. 60. Whitewood. 1/8 inch. Directions Wood prepared about 4x4 inches. 1. Draw one diagonal. Erect perpendicular at centre. 2. Find centre for quarterfoil and construct semicircles according...

9. - Key Board

Fig. 61. Whitewood. 3/16 inch. Directions Prepare wood 4 5/8 x 3 1/8 inches. 1. Make the piece 3 inches wide. 2. Draw a centre line and construct shield according to drawing. 3. See 3...

10. Picture Frame

Fig. 62. Basswood. 1/8 inch. Directions Size of frame may be decided by pupil with the teacher's approval. 1. Cut two sides and one end square. 2. Draw centre line and construct according to ...

11. - Mop Handle

Fig. 63. White Pine. 1/2 inch. Directions Straight - grained wood should be selected about 11 inches long and split about 3/4 inch wide. 1. See 1 and 2, Model No. 1. Whittle with long, steady s...

12. - Door Button

Fig. 64. White-wood. 5/8 inch. Directions Prepare wood 5 1/4 x 1 1/2- inches. 1. Draw lines and whittle two sides straight and square. 2. Mark and draw oblique lines for under part and whittle...

13. - Door Button

Fig. 65. White Pine, 7/8 inch. Directions Prepare wood 4 1/2 x 1 1/4 inches. 1. See 1 in Model No. 12. 2. Construct on the two narrow sides according to drawing. 3. Draw centre line and arcs....

14. - Bat For Tip Cat

Fig. 66. Whitewood. 1/2 inch. Directions Prepare wood 16 1/4 x l 3/4 inches. 1. Whittle wood straight and square, making width according to drawing. 2. Construct handle and whittle. 3. Measur...

15. - Tip Cat

Fig. 67. White Pino. 1 inch. Directions Prepare wood 4 1/4 x 1 1/4 inches. 1. See 1, Model 14. 2. Cut one end square, measure length, square line, and cut. 3. Measure and square lines around...

16. - Pen-Holder

Fig. 68. Red Cedar. 1/2 inch. Directions Prepare wood 7 1/2 x 3/4 inch. 1. See 1 in Model No. 14. 2. Draw diagonals at one end and bore hole with 7/32-inch drill bit. 3. Whittle peg and inser...

17. - Letter Opener

Fig. (59. Sweet Gum. 1/2 inch. Directions Prepare wood 8 x 5/8 inch. 1. See 1, Model No. 14. 2. Mark length of handle and square line around. 3. Draw centre lines on the two opposite planed f...

18. Line Cleat

Fig. 70. Birch. 3/4 inch. Directions Prepare wood 4 3/4 x 1 inch. 1. See 1 in Model No. 14. 2. Measure length and find middle, square lines around at these marks. Draw centre line on top. 3....

19. Clay Modeling Tool

Fig. 71. Maple. 3/16-inch. (Straight-grained.) Directions Prepare wood 6 3/4x7/8- inch. 1. See 1 in Model 14. 2. Mark and cut the required length. 3. Make construction complete on one side ac...

Whittling Outfit

Fig. 73. Desk Top For Whittling Course Regular size, 9 x 15 inches. Fig. 74. Box For Whittling Outfit This box is designed for a class of twenty in Whittling Course. Contains twenty of each...

Chest Containing Teachers' Tools And Supplies As Follows

Cross-cut Saw, 22-inch; Try Square, 8-inch; Hatchet No. 1, Clamp Vise; Bit Brace, 2 drill bits, with bit points 7/32 inch; 6 Auger-bit Gimlets, 1/4 inch; India Oil Stone, Oil Can, 2 Honing Straps, 2 p...

Amount Of Wood For The First Ten Models For Twenty Pupils

The wood should be of best quality, straight-grain, kiln-dried, and planed. 7 square feet 1/8-inch Whitewood, approximate width 6 inches. 5 3/16 ...

Creations Elementary Sloyd And Whittling

Names of objects in Fig. 75 as given by the children 1. Chain (showing working method). 2. Chain (complete). 3. Dagger. 4. Sword. 5. Wheelbarrow. 6. Pistol. 7. Eyeglasses. 8. Pencil-box. 9. H...