175. Ter And Der Added By Doubling

Any curved stroke may be doubled in length to represent the addition of ter or der. See lines 1 to 7.

176. Ther And Dher Added By Doubling

Any curved stroke may be doubled in length to add ther or dher (see lines 8 and 9) provided the same double-length stroke, similarly vocalized, is not already used to represent a word of the same part of speech containing ter or der. Thus, feather should be writtenbecausealready represents fetter.

177. Double-Length Ng

Ng may be doubled to add ker or ger, and also, under the foregoing rules, to add ter, der, ther or dher. See lines 10 and 11. . 178. Double-length Mp-mb. - Mp-mb may be doubled to add er, as well as to add ter, der, ther or dher. See lines 12 and 13.

178a. The Base-Line. - Upright and slanting double-length strokes do not, like corresponding single-length strokes, rest upon the line; they are so written that the line shall cut them at the middle point.

179. Vocalization Of Double-Lengths

a. A vowel placed before a double-length stroke is read first. b. A vowel placed after a double-length is read next after the primary stroke, but before the added value, ter, der, etc.

180. Double-Lengths Joined At An Angle

A double-length stroke cannot generally be used unless it makes a distinct angle with its adjacent stroke. Compare paragraph 168. Double-length n and ng may however be joined with continuous motion after th and el.

181. Intervocalization Of Double-Lengths

The normal vowel in the syllable added by doubling is the second-place light dash, but any short, unaccented vowel may appear in this syllable without special indication. If, however, the vowel is long, a diphthong, or accented, it should be indicated by intervocalization in a manner similar to the vocalization of double consonants. (See line 14 and cp. par. 140.) When a double-length double consonant is intervocalized, the inter-vocalization takes effect in the double consonant and not in the syllable added by lengthening. See northern in line 15.

182. N-Hook Added To Double-Lengths

The n-hook may be added to double-length strokes, and is invariably read after the syllable added by lengthening. See line 15.

Exercises on the Doubling Principle.