The Manual of Phonography | by Benn Pitman And Jerome B. Howard
This work is a presentation of the system of phonetic shorthand, the elementary parts of which were originally invented by Isaac Pitman, of Bath, England, in 1837 ; which was modified, improved, and named "Phonography" by him, in 1840; and which, developed and perfected through the suggestions, experiments, and tests of a multitude of practical writers in England and America, reached, substantially, its present form in the later fifties.
| Title | The Manual of Phonography |
| Author | Benn Pitman And Jerome B. Howard |
| Publisher | The Phonographic Institute Company |
| Year | 1897 |
| Copyright | 1897, By The Phonographic Institute Company |
| Amazon | The Manual of Phonography |
Cincinnati: The Phonographic Institute Company
New York: The Baker And Taylor Company. 1902.
Copyright, 1860, by Benn Pitman.
Copyright, 1885, By Benn Pitman And Jerome B. Howard.
Copyright, 1897, By The Phonographic Institute Company.
The American System Of Shorthand.
The Phonographic Magazine. Special Subscription Coupon- JEROME B. HOWARD, Editor. The purchaser of this book is entitled to receive The Phonographic Magazine for one year at half price. To secure this reduction, ...
- Preface
- This work is a presentation of the system of phonetic shorthand, the elementary parts of which were originally invented by Isaac Pitman, of Bath, England, in ...
- Introduction
- 1. Sound-Writing Phonography is the art of writing according to sound. This is done by means of signs which represent the sounds of speech. A scientific system ...
- Consonants, Their Signs, Names and Powers.
- Consonants 15. Direction Of Strokes Of the consonants on the opposite page every straight line is written in the direction of one of the lines in the first of ...
- Long Vowels
- 29. The Vowel Scale The alphabet of a language professedly contains a letter for every sound heard in the distinct utterance of that language. The Roman ...
- Short Vowels
- 39. Short Vowel Scale In addition to the six long vowels, there are six short vowels used in English speech, as heard in the following words: it ell am odd up ...
- Diphthongs
- 42. Vowel Glides A diphthong is not a simple speech-element, but is the result of continuous voice-production during a change made in the shape of the oral ...
- Coalescents
- 47. Two-Fold Nature Of The Coalescents The vowels 00 and ee, the two extreme members of the long-vowel scale, are, from the exceeding closeness of their ...
- Concurrent Vowels
- 53. Consecutive Vowels Written Separately a. When a word begins with two consecutive vowels the first is written further away from and the second nearer to the ...
- The Aspirate
- 56. The Tick-H When h begins a word and is followed by k, g, s, z, lay, ar, m, mp or w, the aspirate is represented by a light short tick struck down ...
- Upward And Downward L, R And Sh
- 61. Initial L a. When / begins a word followed by k, g, m, mp or n, use lay (see lines I and 2); but (b) should an initial vowel precede / followed by these ...
- Logograms
- 68. Unequal Recurrence Of Words It is an ascertained fact that fewer than two hundred words, through being frequently repeated, make up at least one-half the ...
- Consonant Logograms
- 71. Logograms Represent Derivative Words As Well As Prim-Itives It will be noticed that when a logogram represents a primitive word it also frequently ...
- Diphthong, Coalescent And Aspirate Logograms
- 74. Coalescent Logograms Unshaded We, ye and you are theoretically written with heavy signs, but in practise it is not necessary to shade them. 75. Ye ...
- Appendages
- 77. Briefer Signs Supplied With the signs already given it is possible to write any word in the language in a manner phonetically correct and complete. But ...
- Circles S And Z
- 79. Manner Of Attaching The Circles One of the most frequently-recurring pairs of sounds in the language is s-z. These sounds are represented by the most ...
- Circle Ses, Sez, Zes, Zez
- 85. Representation Of Plurals It will have been perceived that one of the most important uses of the circle s-z is the representation of the plural number of ...
- Loop-St
- 91. The Small Loop St with no intervening vowel is represented in phonography by a small loop one-half the length of the stroke to which it is attached, ...
- Loop-Str
- 96. The Large Loop A large final loop written involute on straight strokes and on the concave side of curves, represents str without intervening vowels (see ...
- Circle And Loop Logograms
- 98. Manner Of Writing Disjoined Circles And Loop The disjoined circles used as logograms should be written with evolute motion, while the disjoined loop, ...
- The N-Hook
- 101. Manner Of Attachment A small final hook may be attached to any stroke to represent n. When attached to straight strokes the n-hook is written in the ...
- The F-V Hook
- 108. Manner Of Attachment A small final hook may be attached to any straight stroke with involute motion to represent f or v. 109. F And V Distinguished When ...
- The Shun-Hook
- 113. The Shun-Hook The syllable which is variously represented in longhand by sion, sian, shion, tion, tian, cion, cian, may in phonography be expressed by a ...
- Punctuation
- 119. Punctuation The same marks of punctuation are used in phonography as in longhand except the period , the exclamation mark , the dash and the hyphen . The ...
- The Small W-Hook
- 122. The Small W-Hook A small hook at the beginning of /, ray, m, and n represents w. See lines I to II. 123. Attachment To Curves Like all other hooks the w- ...
- Double Consonants
- 130. The Liquids The peculiar quality of / and r, which causes them to be classed as liquids, is their power of combining with or, so to speak, flowing into ...
- Triple And Quadruple Consonants
- 141. Triple Consonants When s precedes the double consonants a series of triple consonants is formed, as heard at the beginning of such words as splash, spray, ...
- The Backward N-Hook
- 148. Backward N-Hook A small backward hook written through the stroke may be used to represent the initial syllables in, en, un, as preceding (a) any straight ...
- The Large W-Hook
- 149. Large W-Hook A large initial involute hook may be attached to the strokes t, d, k, g, to represent the combinations tw, dw, kw, gw, (see lines 8 to 12).
- Initial Hook Logograms
- INITIAL LETTERS, Etc. 155. Initials Initials of names or titles may be written in phonography or in longhand, many writers preferring the distinctiveness of ...
- The Halving Principle
- 158. Vocal Affinity A strong affinity exists, in the English and in other languages, between sounds of a like nature with respect to vocality - that is to say, ...
- Half-Length Logograms
- 172. Logogram for Read. -The word read in the foregoing table is the present tense of the verb. The past tense and participle are written 173. Position Of Half- ...
- The Doubling Principle
- 175. Ter And Der Added By Doubling Any curved stroke may be doubled in length to represent the addition of ter or der. See lines 1 to 7. 176. Ther And Dher ...
- Double-Length Logograms
- 183. Compounded Logograms It often happens that a gram-malogue forms a part of some other word, and in such cases the corresponding logogram may sometimes be ...
- The Ticks
- 184. The Ticks The articles the, a, an, and the conjunction and are frequently written in phonography by means of a short tick joined to the outline of the ...
- Disjoined Affixes
- 187. Disjoined Affixes Certain frequently-recurring affixes are conveniently represented by special signs which are disjoined from the outline of the main word ...
- Outline Formation
- 190. New Kind Of Practise Recommended The student who has thus far carefully studied the text and illustrations and who has mastered the writing exercises, is ...
- Exercises In The Corresponding Style
- Benevolence. modified strokes or to write them out in full with the alphabetic strokes. In the case of medial s and z no difficulty is felt, for the circle is ...
- Table Of Grammalogues
- ARRANGED alphabetically for the writer. * The logogram is written above the line. Table Of Grammalogues Continued. Table Of Grammalogues Concluded.
- Table Of Logograms Arranged Phonetically For The Reader
- *The logogram is written above the line. Table Of Logograms Continued. Table Of Logograms Concluded.
- Writing Exercises. Directions To The Student
- 200. Necessity For Writing Exercises The explanations and reading exercises in the preceding portion of this book will, if carefully studied, enable the ...
- Exercise I
- Combinations Of Consonants See paragraphs 21 to 24. Pars. 21 and 22. - P-lay, b-ray, d-lay, ch-lay, j-ray, v-lay, s-lay, lay-b, lay-d, lay-f, lay-dh, ray-d, ...
- Exercise II
- Combinations Of Consonants Continued. - See paragraphs 25 to 28. Par. 25 a. - P-p, d-d, k-k. Par. 25 b - F-shay, th-ng, lay-w, m-z. Par. 25 c. - P-ng, t-ish, t- ...
- Exercise III
- Words Containing Long Vowels See paragraphs 29 to 33. Write the six long vowels after the consonants p, t, g, f, s, ray, m, n. Write the six long vowels before ...
- Exercise IV
- Words Containing Long Vowels Continued. - See paragraphs 34 to 38. In writing this exercise the pupil must pay no attention to the usual spelling of a word, ...
- Exercise V
- Words Containing Short Vowels See paragraphs 39 to 41. First-place light dot: Bit, pick, tick, ditch, pitch, pig, pith, big, Dick, dig, dip, dim, tip, pity, ...
- Exercise VIII
- Words Containing Medial A. Careful speakers make a clear distinction between the a in ask, mica, avow, etc., and the vowel in alms, far, guard on the one hand, ...
- Exercise IX
- Words Containing U (E, I) before R. The vowel heard in hurt, err, fir, (heard only before the consonant r) is in quantity a long vowel, but in quality it very ...
- Exercise X
- Words Containing Diphthongs See paragraphs 42 to 46. I: Tie, bile, dire, pyre, pie, eyes, vie, thigh, thy, nigh, bite, dyke, type, knife, chide, chime, gibe, ...
- Exercise XI
- Words Containing Coalescents See paragraphs 47 to 52. Write the long we, wa, wah, etc., before t. Write the short wi, we, wa, etc., before t. Write the long ye, ...
- Exercise XII
- Concurrent Vowels See paragraphs 53 to 55. Par. 53 a. - Iota, Ianthe, Ionic, aorta, Iowa, Eolic, iambic, iodic. Par. 53 b. - Payee, bayou, avowee, Leo, Fabii, ...
- Exercise XIII
- The Aspirate See paragraphs 56 to 60. Par. 56. - Hem, whom, hazy, heal, Hawley, halo, hallow, hair, hock, hug, humming, whggishi, help, Hiram, harp, herb, ...
- Exercise XIV
- Upward And Downward L See paragraphs 61 to 63. Par. 61 a. - Use lay: Limb; loam, leak, lock, luck, lackey, Lena, looming, lunch, lounge, lookout, lineage, ...
- Exercise XV
- Upward And Downward R See paragraphs 64 to 66. Par. 64 a. - Rock, rogue, ruby, wreathe, roach, reissue, rag, rang, Raleigh, racy, renew, ready rebuke, royalty, ...
- Exercise XVI
- Upward and Downward Sh. Par. 67. - Use ish: Abash, ambush, marshy, Ishmael, coyish, unshod, charade, famish, Russia, push, shy, hush, oceanic, barouche, shank, ...
- Exercise XVIII
- Vowel Grammalogues. Par. 70. - Write the signs for the grammalogues, filling a line with each sign: The, a, an, and, all, too, two, already, before, ought, ...
- Exercise XIX
- Simple Consonant Grammalogues. Page 38 Write the signs for the grammalogues, filling a line with each sign: Up, be, it, do, which, advantage, common, come, ...
- Exercise XX
- Simple Consonant Grammalogues Concluded. Page 40 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each: Will, are, ...
- Exercise XXI
- Diphthong, Coalescent, and Aspirate Grammalogues. Page 42 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each: I, ...
- Exercise XXII
- Joining Of Circles S And Z See paragraph 79. Par. 79 a. - P-s, t-s, ray-s, s-p, s-g, n-t-s, k-ch-s, t-ray-s, n-h-s, s-p-t, s-p-ray-b, s-t-k, s-g-n-f, s-ray-v, ...
- Exercise XXIII
- Words Containing Circles S And Z See paragraph 81. Par. 81 a. - Base, decks, keels, hops, palace, rouse, oppose, tongs, collapse, rankness, veracious, educe, ...
- Exercise XXIV
- Circles Ses, Sez, Zes, Ze.z.. - See paragraphs 85 to 90. Par. 85. - Pieces, offices, tosses, horses, kisses, axes, abases, heiresses, bodices, affixes, ...
- Exercise XXV
- Loop-st - See paragraphs 91 to 95. Par. 91 a. - Post, best, faced, moist, attest, educed, assist, wrist, roast, hoaxed, ballast, utmost, affixed, mixed, lanced, ...
- Exercise XXVI
- Loop-Str See paragraphs 96 and 97. Par. 96. - Pester, boaster, faster, duster, coaster, castor, bolster, barrister, Munster, lobster, chorister, Zoroaster, ...
- Exercise XXVIII
- The N-Hook See paragraphs 101 to 107. Par. 102 a. - Union, dampen, happen, often, heaven, amain, widen, attain, weaken, seven, Spain, skein, pagan, obtain, ...
- Exercise XXIX
- The F-V Hook See paragraphs 108 to 112. Par. 110 a. - Puff, beef, doff, chaff, calf, Gough, reef, rebuff, tariff, sheriff, scuff, seraph. Pave, dive, rave, ...
- Exercise XXX
- The Shun-hook. See paragraphs 113 to 118. Par. 114 a. - Fashion, evasion, omission, oration, abolition, violation, intimation, mention, division, ignition, ...
- Exercise XXXI
- Final Hook Grammalogues. Page 60 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each : Upon, been, ten, done, ...
- Exercise XXXII
- The Small W-Hook See paragraphs 122 to 129. Par. 122. - Wail, wall, walrus, wane, war, warden, warm, wan, wealth, weariness, welcome, welfare, wench, wile, ...
- Exercise XXXIII
- The L-Hook See paragraphs 130 to 134. Par. 133. - Plea, plow, blow, flee, flow, claw, clay, glue. Apple, able, idle, addle, eagle, ogle, awful, evil, oval, ...
- Exercise XXXIV
- The R-Hook See paragraphs 135 to 137. Par. 135. - Pry, bray, free, trio, draw, throw, shrew, crow, gray. Offer, eater, eider, ether, usher, acre, augur. Affray, ...
- Exercise XXXV
- Irregular Double Consonants See paragraphs 138 and 139. Par. 138. - Panel, final, venal, tunnel, kennel, unless, original, nominal, flannel, spinal, signal, ...
- Exercise XXXVI
- Intervocalization See paragraph 140. Par. 140. - Generic, marble, paralysis, locality, develop, analogy, anarchic, philology, telescope, barter. Verb, border, ...
- Exercise XXXVII
- Triple And Quadruple Consonants See paragraphs 141 to 147. Par. 141. - Splash, splice, spleen, splutter, splatter, splicing, spliced, splenetic, splenetical, ...
- Exercise XXXVIII
- The Backward N-Hook See paragraph 148. Par. 148 a. - Unscrew, unsoberly, unstring, unstrung, inscribe, insuperable, insuperableness, insuperably, ...
- Exercise XXXIX
- The Large W-Hook See paragraphs 149 to 153. Par. 150 a. - Twain, twang, tweak, tweezers, twice, twig, twin, twinkle, twitter. Dwarf, dwarfish, dwell, dweller, ...
- Exercise XL
- Initial Hook Grammalogues. . Page 74 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each : Well, where, when, one, ...
- Exercise XLI
- The Halving Principle See paragraphs 158 to 164. Par. 159. - Fit, aft, east, sheet, hushed, caught, act, heaped, packet, merit, tippet, turret, eject, enact, ...
- Exercise XLII
- The Halving Principle Concluded. - See paragraphs 165 to 171. Par. 165. - Paint, haunt, faint, vaunt, mount, lint, arrant, count, latent, fountain, patent, ...
- Exercise XLIII
- Half-length Grammalogues. Page 80 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each: Did, could, got, get, good, ...
- Exercise XLIV
- Half-Length Grammalogues Concluded. Page 82 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each: Particular, ...
- Exercise XLV
- Words From Which Consonants Are Omitted See paragraph 174. Par. 174a. - Tempt, damped, thumped, camped, swamped, trumped, exemption, prompt, assumption, ...
- Exercise XLVI
- Double-Length Strokes See paragraphs 175 to 182. Par. 175. - Water, meter, thermometer, trumpeter, rafter, lifter, fighter, waiter, loiter, inviter, swelter, ...
- Exercise XLVII
- Double-length Grammalogues. Page 86 For each of the following grammalogues write the corresponding logogram, filling a line with each : Neither, another, ...
- Exercise XLVIII
- Compounded Logograms. Par. 183. - Use the list of words given in the text. This list contains almost all the useful English words written according to this ...
- Exercise XLIX
- The Ticks See paragraphs 184 to 186. Par. 185. - Write the downward: After-the, all-the, are-the, as-the (write as involute), be-the, between-the, come-the, ...
- Exercise L
- Disjoined Affixes See paragraphs 187 to 189. Par. 188 a. - Use the stvoke-ing: Pacifying, vieing, thawing, scathing, fishing, lashing, piling, puzzling, ...
- The Reporting Style
- 209. The Corresponding Style The present work treats especially of the corresponding style of phonography ; that is, phonography in its full and complete form, ...
- Reporting Logograms
- Contractions Phrases Words, Contractions And Phrases For Business Amanuenses
- Exercises In The Easy Reporting Style
- Speech of Patrick Henry. Delivered March 28, 1775, before the Virginia Convention of Delegates. KEY. Speech of Patrick Henry. Mr. President: It is natural for ...
- Business Letters.
- i. La Crosse Lumber Co., La Crosse, Wis. Gentlemen: Referring to the claim presented by you April 21, 1897, for alleged overcharge in weight on various ...
- Appendix A. Speech
- 1. Speech, physiologically considered, is the result of the joined operation of the vocal and articulating organisms upon the current of expired breath. 2.
- Appendix B. A Scheme Of Phonographic Notation By Means Of Common Types
- The following plan for indicating the construction and vocalization of phonographic outlines by means of common types was first printed in the Phonographic ...
- Appendix C. The Extended Alphabet
- 1. For the representation of foreign sounds not heard in English, and for a more exact representation of English than is given in ordinary phonography, an ...
- The American System Of Shorthand. Catalog Of Phonographic Works
- By BENN PITMAN and JEROME B. HOWARD. Published By The Phonographic Institute Company, Cincinnati, OH There is no question whatever of the truth of the ...
- Phonography Instruction Books.
- The Manual of Phonography. [420th Thousand.] By Benn Pitman and Jerome B. Howard. Designed for instruction in Schools, Academies, Business Colleges, etc., as ...
- Books Printed in Phonography.
- On Self-Culture, Intellectual, Physical, and Moral. A vade mecum for young men and students. By John Stuart Bi.ackie, professor of Greek in the University of ...
- Miscellaneous.
- How Long - A Symposium Consists of contributions on the length of time required for obtaining verbatim speed in shorthand writing, from the following eminent ...
- Phonographic Periodical Publications.
- The Phonographic Magazine. Edited by Jerome B. Howard. Publisht once a month. Each number contains beautifully-engraved Phonography, mostly in Brief Reporting ...
- Phonographic Stationery
- Reporting Paper, per quire, 6 cents, postpaid............................ 11 Per ream, $1.00; five reams, $4.50, sent by express at purchaser's charge. In ...
- Phonographic Tracts. For Distribution By Teachers And Others.
- No. 1. What They Say about Phonography - Opinions of Fifty Eminen Men and Journals. 2. Some Reasons why You should Learn Phonography. 3. Can Phonography be ...
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