Torquemada (Lat. Turrecremata), Juan de, a Spanish theologian, born at Valladolid in 1388, died in Rome, Sept. 26, 1468. He became a Dominican friar in 1403, accompanied his superior to the council of Constance in 1417, graduated in the university of Paris in 1424, taught theology there, and was successively chosen prior of the Dominican convents of Valladolid and Toledo. In 1431 he was appointed by Pope Eugenius IV. "master of the sacred palace," and his own theologian at the council of Basel. He there contributed to the solemn condemnation of the doctrines of Wycliffe and Huss, and maintained that the doctrine of the immaculate conception was divinely revealed. In 1439 he attended the council of Florence as papal commissary, and was foremost in drawing up the " articles of reunion" between the Greek and Latin churches, receiving on this occasion from the pope the title of "defender of the faith." Ho was made a cardinal on Dec. 18 of that year. In 1440 he attended in the pope's name at the national council of Bourges, where ho succeeded in keeping the French prelates on the side of Eugenius IV. He became bishop of Palestrina in 1455, and of Sabina in 1464. His most important works are: Meditationes Joannis de Turrecremata positoe et depleted de ipsius mandate) in Ecclesioe Arribitu Sanctoe Maries de Minerva (fol., Rome, 1467, with 34 engravings on wood); Expositio brevis et uti-lis super toto Psalterio (4to, Rome, 1470; fol., Augsburg, 1472, with many subsequent editions); Quoestiones Spiritualis Convivii dcli-cieis praferentes super Eremgeliis (fol., Rome, 1477; Nuremberg, 1478); Commenteirii in Decretum Gratiani (6 vols, fol., Lyons, 1519; Venice, 1578; 2 vols., Rome, 1726). Many of his works have not been published.