John, Or Kooweskoowe Ross

John, Or Kooweskoowe Ross, a chief of the Cherokee Indians, born in the Cherokee country, Georgia, about 1790, died in Washington, D. C, Aug. 1, 1866. He was a half-breed, and at an early age had acquired a good English education. He became principal chief of the Cherokees in 1828. In 1835 a treaty was concluded between the United States and Major Ridge, his son John Ridge, Elias Boudinot, and about 600 other Cherokee Indians, by which they agreed to surrender their lands and remove west within two years. Against this treaty Ross and over 15,000 of his tribe protested in an appeal written by Ross and addressed to the president of the United States. But the government sent a force to compel the fulfilment of the treaty, and the Cherokees removed to their new home. Ross continued to be the principal chief, and in 1861 entered into a treaty with the seceding states.

Johnston

Johnston, a central county of North Carolina, drained by Neuse and Little rivers; area, 660 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 16,897, of whom 5,194 were colored. It has a diversified surface, and contains iron ore and granite. The North Carolina railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 246,338 bushels of Indian corn, 132,277 of sweet potatoes, and 4,108 bales of cotton. There were 1,366 horses, 788 mules and asses, 3,253 milch cows, 1,689 working oxen, 4,239 other cattle, 5,653 sheep, and 20,530 swine; 4 flour mills, 5 saw mills, 1 manufactory of sash, doors, and blinds, and 6 of tar and turpentine. Capital, Smithfield.

Johnston, Or Johnstone, Charles

Johnston, Or Johnstone, Charles, a British satirist, born in Ireland early in the 18th century, died in British India about 1800. He studied law, but on account of deafness practised only as a chamber counsel in London; and during his last 18 years he was a journalist in Bengal. He published many satirical works, and acquired most notoriety by his "Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea" (London, 1760; 3d and enlarged ed., 4 vols., 1761; French translation by Frenais, Paris, 1768), with contemporary sketches painting " the baser sides of literature and life."

Johnstone

Johnstone, a town of Renfrewshire, Scotland, on the Black Cart Water, 10 m. W. of Glasgow; pop. in 1871, 6,882. It has grown rapidly in population and importance within the last 50 years, in consequence of the establishment of cotton mills and iron and brass founderies. It is well built, and contains five churches and several schools and libraries.

Johnstown

1. A village in the town of the same name, seat of justice of Fulton co., New York, on Cayadutta creek, a branch of the Mohawk river, 40 m. N. W. of Albany; pop. in 1870, 3,282; of the town, 12,273. It is connected with Fonda .on the New York Central railroad, 6 m. distant, by the Fonda, Johnstown, and Gloversville line, and contains large skin and leather dressing establishments, a large number of glove and mitten factories, three hotels, a gas-light company, three weekly newspapers, and ten churches. The town also contains the village of Gloversville. (See Gloversville.) II. A borough of Cambria co., Pennsylvania, at the junction of Stony creek and Conemaugh river, on the Pennsylvania canal and railroad, 78 m. E. of Pittsburgh; pop. in 1850, 1,269; in 1860, 4,185; in 1870, 6,028. It has an active trade, and contains extensive iron works, a national and a savings bank, two state banks, a daily and four weekly newspapers, and a monthly periodical.