Simone Di Martino

See Memmi.

Simone Memmi, Or More Properly Simone Di Martino

Simone Memmi, Or More Properly Simone Di Martino, an Italian painter, born in Siena about 1283, died in Avignon about 1345. He is said to have been a pupil of Giotto, and was one of the first to modify the severity and hardness of the Byzantine manner by imitating the softer style of his master. After the death of the latter he was invited to the papal court at Avignon, where he is said to have painted the portrait of Laura de Sadc, on account of which he is mentioned in two of Petrarch's sonnets. At Avignon he also executed a miniature illumination for a manuscript Virgil, once owned by Petrarch and now preserved in the Ambrosian library at Milan.

Simonoseki

See Shimonoseki.

Simplon

See Alps, vol. i., p. 354.

Sinderbinds

Sinderbinds, a marshy tract of British India, in Bengal, stretching across the lower part of the delta of the Ganges, between the bay of Bengal and the inhabited parts of the delta, from the river Hoogly to the island of Rabna-bad, 158 m., with a breadth of about 75 m.; area, over 7,000 sq. m.; pop. very small. The soil is alluvial, and the whole district is cut up into innumerable wooded islands by rivers and creeks, many of them navigable for vessels of considerable size. The woods swarm with tigers, the waters with crocodiles, and other tropical animals abound. Salt is manufactured from the sea water to a sufficient extent to supply the demand of the lower provinces of Bengal. The Sunderbunds are included within the district of the 24 Pergunnahs.

Sinigaglia

Sinigaglia (anc. Sena Gallica), a town of central Italy, in the province and 18 m. N. W. of the city of Ancona, at the mouth of the Misa in the Adriatic; pop. in 1872, 22,197. It is the seat of a bishop, and has a beautiful cathedral. The ramparts are protected by a citadel. The port admits only small craft. The annual fair, July 20 to Aug. 8, at which large transactions are made in silk, is of great antiquity. The town was plundered by the troops of Pompey in 82 B. C. Under the exarchs of Ravenna it was for some time one of the cities of the Pentapolis, but afterward fell into decay. It is the birthplace of Pius IX.

Sinto, Or Shinto

See Japan, vol. ix., pp. 537 and 562.

Sioux

Sioux, a N. W. county of Iowa, bounded W. by the Big Sioux river and intersected by Rock river and affluents of Floyd's river; area, about 750 sq. m.: pop. in 1870, 576. The surface is nearly level and the soil productive. The Sioux City and St. Paul railroad passes through it. Capital, Calliope.

Sir Anthony Carlisle

Sir Anthony Carlisle, an English surgeon and physiologist, born near Durham in 1768, died in London, Nov. 2,1840. He was surgeon of Westminster hospital for 47 years, and was knighted by George IV. He was the first to introduce the practice of holding public consultations in cases requiring operation; and also to substitute the straight-bladed amputating knife for the crooked one of former days. His chief work is his "Essay on the Disorders of Old Age".