Cayuga, a central county of New York, bounded N. by Lake Ontario, W. by Cayuga lake, touching Skaneateles lake on the E., and traversed by the Seneca river and other smaller streams, which furnish abundant water power; area, about 752 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 59,550. The surface is undulating, the soil fertile; salt, gypsum, and limestone abound. Owasco lake, 10 m. long, lies in its centre. The Southern Central, the New York Central, and Auburn branch railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 622,237 bushels of wheat, 703,148 of Indian corn, 916,168 of oats, 732,140 of barley, 397,747 of potatoes, 87,604 tons of hay, 2,392,238 lbs. of butter, 324,792 of wool, and 96,287 of tobacco. There were 14,-453 horses, 21,332 milch cows, 14,256 other cattle, 58,915 sheep, and 14,929 swine. There were 13 manufactories of agricultural implements, 5 of boots and shoes, 1 of carpets, 31 of carriages and wagons, 2 of planes, 24 flour mills, 27 saw mills, 6 manufactories of woollen goods, 13 of iron, 10 brick kilns, 2 manufactories of files, 7 of furniture, 2 of hardware, 1 of saddlers' tools, 11 of ground plaster, 15 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, and 7 of tobacco and cigars.

Capital, Auburn.

Cayugas #1

Cayugas, one of the tribes of the Hotinonsi-onni or Iroquois, commonly known as the Six Nations. They called themselves Goiogwen or Gweugwen. They inhabited three or four villages in a pleasant district on Cayuga lake. They numbered when first known to the French about 300 warriors, and comprised the three families common to all, Turtle, Bear, and Wolf, and also the Beaver with the Deer, Snipe, Hawk, and Heron. They gave ten hereditary sachems to the league. As early as 1656 the French, by their missionaries Chaumonot and Menard, attempted to win them over; but though these missions were renewed and continued by Carheil down to 1684, they made little impression on the tribe, which took part in all the wars against the French. In 1667 a part of the tribe, hard pressed by the Susquehannas, crossed over to Quinte bay. Among the great chiefs of the tribe were Sa-onchiogwa, who became a Christian in 1671, and Oureouhare or Tawcrahet, who was taken and sent to the galleys in France, but on his return became a firm friend of the French. During the American revolution they joined the English, having already been in arms against the colonists at Point Pleasant in 1774. They greatly annoyed Gen. Clinton in his march to cooperate with Sullivan in 1779, and soon saw their villages destroyed.

After the war they ceded all their land to the state of New York except a small reservation, which they abandoned in 1800. Some joined the Senccas, some went to Grand river in Canada, and others to Sandusky, whence they were removed to the Indian territory. They have now dwindled to about 250.