I. A lofty mountain chain in Asiatic Turkey, on the northerly side of which the eastern Euphrates takes its rise. Its main portion is situated on the N. edge of the basin of Lake Van, between lat. 39° and 40° N., and lon. 42° and 44° E., and forms part of the watershed between the Caspian sea and the Persian gulf.

II. A range in Asia Minor, to the N. W. of Angora, extending between the Ishik Dagh on the N. E. and the valley of the Sakaria on the S. and W.