Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas Recipes Processes Vol1

Preface

In compiling this book of formulas, recipes and processes, the Editor has endeavored to meet the practical requirements of the home and workshopthe mechanic, the manufacturer, the artisan, ...

Partial List of Authorities Consulted

Apothecary, The. Berliner Drog. Zeitung. Brass World. British Journal of Photography. Chemical News. <...

Acid-Proofing

An Acid-Proof Table Top 1. Copper sulphate...... 1 part Potassium chlorate.... 1 part ...

To Make Wood Acid- and Chlorine Proof

Take 6 pounds of wood tar and 12 pounds rosin, and melt them together in an iron kettle, after which stir in 8 ...

Adhesives: GLUES

Manufacture of Glue I The usual process of removing the phosphate of ...

Liquid Glues

I Glue............. 3 ounces Gelatin........... 3 ounces<...

Liquid Glues. Part 2

V Soak 1 pound of good glue in a quart of water for a few hours, then melt the ...

Liquid Glues. Part 3

XI Dilute 1 part of official phosphoric acid with 2 parts of water and ...

Liquid Glues. Part 4

XVI Soak 5 parts of Cologne glue in an aqueous calcium chloride solution (1 :4) and heat on the ...

Glue for Celluloid.

I Two parts shellac, 3 parts spirits of camphor, and 4 parts ...

Glue to Form Paper Pads

I Glue............ 3.5 ounces Glycerine........ 8 ounces Water,...

Glue for Tablets

I Glue............. 3.5 ounces Glycerine......... 8 ounces ...

Marine Glue

Marine glue is a product consisting of shellac and caoutchouc, which is mixed differently according to the ...

Water-Proof Glues

I The glue is put in water till it is soft, and subsequently melted in ...

Glue To Fasten Linoleum On Iron Stairs.

I Use a mixture of glue, isinglass, and dextrin which, dissolved in water and ...

Glue For Paper And Metal

A glue which will keep well and adhere tightly is obtained by diluting 1,000 parts by weight of potato starch in 1,200 parts by weight of ...

For Wood, Glass, Cardboard, and all Articles of a Metallic or Mineral Character

Take boiled linseed oil 20 parts, Flemish glue £0 parts, hydrated lime 15 parts, powdered turpentine 5 parts,...

Glue or Paste for Making Paper Boxes

Chloral hydrate...... 5 parts Gelatin, white....... 8 parts Gum arabic......... 2 parts <...

Chromium Glue For Wood, Paper, And Cloth

I (a) One-half pound strong glue (any glue if color is immaterial, white fish glue otherwise); soak 12 hours in 12 fluidounces of cold water. (b) One-quarter pound ...

Cements

Under this heading will be found only cements for causing one substance to adhere to another. ...

Cements for Stone

I An excellent cement for broken marble consists of 4 parts of gypsum and 1 ...

Cement For Sandstones

One part sulphur and 1 part rosin are melted separately; the melted masses are mixed and 3 parts litharge and 2 parts ground ...

To Fasten Brass upon Glass

Boil to gether 1 part of caustic soda, 3 parts of. rosin, 3 parts of ...

Celluloid Cements

I To mend broken draughting triangles and other celluloid articles, use 3 parts ...

Cementing Celluloid And Hard-Rubber Articles.

I Celluloid articles can be mended by making a mixture composed of 3 parts of alcohol<...

Sign-Letter Cements

I Copal varnish...... 15 parts Drying oil......... 5 ...

To Fix Gold Letters, Etc., Upon Glass.

I The glass must be entirely clean and polished, and the medium is prepared in the following manner: One ...

Attaching Enamel Letters To Glass.

To affix enamel letters to glass, first clean the surface of ...

Water - Glass Cements

I. Water glass (sodium of potassium silicate), which is frequently recommended for cementing ...

Jewelers' Cements

Jewelers and goldsmiths require, for the cementing of genuine and colored gems, as well as for the placing of colored folio under certain stones, very adhesive gluing agents, which must, however, ...

Armenian Cement.

The celebrated Armenian cement, so called formerly used by Turkish ...

Cement for Enameled Dials

The following is a good cement for enameled dials, plates, or other pieces: Grind into a fine ...

Watch-Lid Cement.

The hardest cement for fixing on watch lids is shellac. If the lids are exceedingly thin the engraving ...

Casein Cements

I Borax.............. 5 parts ...

Pasteboard And Paper Cement

I Let pure glue swell in cold water; pour and press off the excess; put on the ...

Waterproof Cements For Glass, Stoneware, And Metal

I Make a paste of sulphur, sal ammoniac, iron filings, and boiled oil. II Mix ...

Leather And Rubber Cements

I Use a melted mixture of gutta percha and genuine asphalt, applied hot. The hard-rubber goods must be kept pressed together until ...

Cement for Metal on Hard Rubber

I Soak good Cologne glue and boil down so as to give it the consistency of joiners' glue, and add with constant stirring, enough sifted wood ashes until a homogeneous, moderately thick ...

Cement For Patching Rubber Boots And Shoes

I India rubber, finely chopped......... 100 parts Rosin............. 15 parts ...

Tire Cements

I India rubber..... 15 grams Chloroform...... 2 ounces Mastic.......... 0.5 ounce Mix the india rubber and chloroform ...

Cements For Leather

I Gutta percha...... 20 parts Syrian asphalt, powdered ............ 20 parts Carbon disulphide.. 50 parts Oil of turpentine. .. 10 parts The gutta percha, ...

Rubber Cement For Cloth

The following formulas have been recommended: I Caoutchouc, 5 parts; chloroform, 3 parts. Dissolve and add gum mastic (powder) 1 part. II Gutta percha, 16 ...

Cements For Metals And For Attaching Various Substances To Metals

Cements for Iron I To make a good cement for iron on iron, make a thick paste, with water, of ...

Cement For Metal, Glass, And Porcelain

A soft alloy is prepared by mixing from 30 to 36 parts of copper precipitated in the ...

Cements for Fastening Porcelain to Metal

I Mix equal parts of alcohol (95 per cent) and water, and make a paste by ...

Amber Cements

I To solder together two pieces of yellow amber, slightly heat the parts to be united and moisten them ...

Acid-Proof Cements for Stoneware and Glass

I Mix with the aid of heat equal weights of pitch, rosin, and plaster of ...

Acid-Proof Cement For Wood, Metals, Etc.

I Powdered asbestos... 2 parts Ground baryta...... 1 part Sodium water-glass solution ....

Directions For Repairing Broken Glass, Porcelain, Bric-À-Brac

Broken glass, china, bric-a-brac, and picture frames, not to name casts, require each a different ...

General Formulas For Cements For Repairing Porcelain, Glassware, Crockery, Plaster, And Meerschaum

I An excellent cement for joining broken crockery and similar small ...

IV. Cement For Glass, Porcelain, Etc.

Isinglass (fish glue) . . 50 parts Gum ammoniac..... 4 parts Gum mastic......... 2 parts ...

V. Liquid Porcelain Cement

Fish glue, 20 parts; glass acetic acid, 20 parts; heat together until the mass gelatinizes on cooling. ...

Diamond Glass and other Cements

X Diamond Glass Cement.Dissolve 100 parts of fish glue in 150 parts of 90 per cent ...

To Mend Wedgwood Mortars

XVII To Mend Wedgwood Mortars. It is easy enough to mend mortars so that they ...

Meerschaum Cements

I If the material is genuine (natural) meerschaum a lasting joint can be made between the parts by ...

Asbestos Cement

Ground asbestos may be made into a cement which will stand a high degree of heat ...

Parisian Cement

Mix 1 part of finely ground glass powder, obtained by levigation, with 3 parts of finely powdered zinc oxide ...

A Cheap And Excellent Cement

A cheap and excellent cement, insoluble after drying in water, petroleum, oils, carbon ...

Universal Cement

Take gum arabic, 100 parts, by weight; starch, 75 parts, by weight; white sugar, 21 parts, by weight; camphor, 4 parts, by weight. Dissolve the gum arabic in a little ...

Aquarium Cements

I Litharge.......... 3 ounces Fine white sand ... 3 ounces Plaster of Paris.... 3 ounces Rosin, in fine powder............. 1 ounce ...

Substitute For Cement On Grinder Disks

A good substitute in place of glue or various kinds of cement for fastening ...

Cement For General Use

Take gum arabic, 100 parts, by weight; starch, 75 parts by weight; white sugar, 21 parts, by weight; camphor, 4 parts, by weight. Dissolve the gum arable in a little ...

Syndeticon

I Slake 100 parts of burnt lime with 50 parts of water, pour off the ...

Lutes

Lutes always consist of a menstruum and dissolved or suspended solids, and they must not be attacked by the gases ...

Lutes. Part 2

I. Plaster of Paris is, of course, often used alone as a paste, which quickly solidifies, for gas and wood distillation retorts, etc., and similar places where quickness of setting is ...

Lutes: V. Asphalt And Pitch.

These substances are used in lutes somewhat interchangeably. As a rule, pitch makes the stronger ...

Lutes: VI. Rosin, Shellac, and Wax

A strong cement, used as a stone cement, is: 1. Rosin............

Lutes VIII. Linseed Oil

This is one of the most generally useful substances we have for luting purposes, if absorbed by a porous substance that is inert. Formulas: 1. China ...

Lutes IX. Casein, Albumen, and Glue

These, if properly made, become very tough and tenacious; they stand moderate heat and oil vapors, but not acid vapors. 1. Finely powdered ...

Lutes X. Silicate of Oxychloride Cements

For oil vapors, standing the highest heat: 1. A stiff paste of silicate of ...

Lutes XI. Flour and Starch Compositions

1. The well-known flaxseed poultice sets very tough, but does not stand water or ...

Lutes XII. Miscellaneous

1. Litharge. Glycerine. 2 Mixed to form a stiff paste, sets and becomes very hard and strong, and is very useful for inserting glass tubes, etc., in ...

Pastes: Dextrine Pastes

I Borax, powdered.. . . 60 parts Dextrine, light yellow. 480 parts Glucose............

Fastening Cork to Metal

In fastening cork to iron and brass, even when these are lacquered, a good sealing wax containing ...

Paste for Fastening Leather, Oilcloth, or Similar Stuff to Table or Desk Tops, etc

Use the same paste for leather as for oilcloth or other goods, but moisten the leather before applying the paste. Prepare the paste as follows: Mix 2.25 pounds of good wheat flour with 2 ...

To Fix Paper upon Polished Metal

Dissolve 400 parts, by weight, of dextrine in 600 parts, by weight, of water; add to this ...

Paste That Will Not Mold

Mix good white flour with cold water into a thick paste. Be sure to stir out all the lumps;...

Strongly Adhesive Paste

Four parts glue are soaked a few hours in 15 parts cold water, and moderately heated till ...

Waterproof and Acidproof Pastes

I Chromic acid....... 2.5 parts Stronger ammonia... 15 parts Sulphuric ...

Balkan Paste

Pale glue........... 4 ounces White loaf sugar. ... 2 ounces Powdered starch.... 1 ounce White dextrine...... 0.25 pound Pure glycerine...... 3 ounces ...

Preservatives for Paste

Various antiseptics are employed for the preservation of flour paste, mucilage, etc. Boric and salicylic acids, oil of cloves, oil of sassafras, and solution of formaldehyde are among those which ...

Pastes For Paperhangers

I Use a cheap grade of rye or wheat flour, mix thoroughly with cold water to ...

Pastes to Affix Labels to Tin

Labels separate from tin because the paste becomes too dry. Some moisture is presumably always present; but more is required to cause continued adhesion in the case of tin than where the container ...

Pastes to Affix Labels to Tin. Part 2

VII Gum arabic, 50 parts; glycerine, 10 parts; water, 30 parts; liq. Stibii ...

How to Paste Labels on Tin

Brush over the entire back of the label with a flour paste, fold the label loosely by sticking both ends together without creasing the center, and throw to one side until this process has been ...

(See also Photography)

Owing to the nature of the different papers used for printing photographs, it is a matter of extreme importance to use a mountant that shall not set up decomposition in the coating of the print. ...

Photographic Mountants. Part 2

A very strong, stiff paste for fastening cardboard mounts to frames, wood, and other materials is prepared by making a bowl of starch paste in the usual way, and then adding 1 ounce of Venice ...

Mucilage For Affixing Labels to Glass and Other Objects

I The mucilage is made by simply pouring over the gum enough water to a little ...

Mucilage of Acacia

Put the gum, which should be of the best kind, in a flask the size of which should be large enough to contain the mucilage with about one-fifth of its space to spare (i.e., the product should fill ...

Commercial Mucilage

Dissolve 0.5 pound white glue in equal parts water and ...

Envelope Gum

The gum used by the United States Government on postage stamps is probably one of the best that could be used not only for envelopes but for labels as well. It will stick to almost any surface. ...

Preservation of Gum Solution

Put a small piece of camphor in the mucilage bottle. Camphor vapors are generated which kill all the bacterial germs that have entered the bottle. The gum maintains its adhesiveness to the last ...

Alcohol, Tests for Absolute

The committee for the compilation of the German Arzneibuch established the following tests for the determination of ...

Perfumed Denaturized Alcohol

East India lemon oil 1,250 parts Mirbane oil.......1,000 parts Cassia oil......... 50 parts Clove oil.......... 75 parts Lemon oil........ 100 parts Amyl ...

Alcohol in Fermented Beers

Experience has shown that 0.25 pound of sugar to 1 gallon of water yields about 2 per cent ...

Denaturized Alcohol

There are two general classes or degrees of denaturizing, viz., the complete and the incomplete, according to the purpose for which the ...

Ale

The ale of the modern brewer is manufactured in several varieties, which are determined by the wants of the consumer ...

Alloys

No general rules can be given for alloying metals. Alloys differing greatly in fusibility are commonly made by ...

Compounding Alloys

Considerable experience is necessary to insure success in compounding alloys, especially when the metals employed ...

Aluminum Alloys Summary

M. H. Pecheux has contributed to the Comptes Rendus, from time to time, the results of his investigations into the ...

Aluminum Alloys: Tin Alloys

A filed rod of tin-aluminum alloy plunged in cold water gives off for some minutes bubbles ...

Tin, Bismuth, and Magnesium Alloys

The action of water on these alloys just referred to has been recently demonstrated on a larger scale, 5 to 6 ...

Magnesium Alloys

These were obtained with 66, 68, 73, 77, and 85 per cent of aluminum, and densities 2.24, 2.47, 2.32, 2.37, 2.47. They are brittle, with large granular fracture, silver-white, file well, take a ...

Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Alloys

During three years' exposure to the atmosphere, copper- ...

Colored Alloys of Aluminum

A purple scintillating composition is produced by an alloyage of 78 parts of gold and 22 parts aluminum. With platinum a gold-colored alloy is obtained; with palladium a copper-colored one; and ...

Anti-Friction Bearing or Babbitt Metals

These alloys are usually supported by bearings of brass, into which it is poured after they have been tinned, and ...

Bell Metal

The composition of bell metal varies considerably, as may be seen below: I (Standard.) ...

Bismuth Alloys

Bismuth possesses the unusual quality of expanding in cooling. It is, therefore, introduced in many alloys to ...

Brass

In general brass is composed of two-thirds copper and one-third zinc, but a little ...

Brass-Iron (Aich's Metal)

This is a variety of brass with an admixture of iron, which gives it a considerable degree of tenacity. It is ...

Cast Brass

The various articles of bronze, so called, statuettes, clock cases, etc., made in France, where this ...

Malleable Brass

This metal is affected less by sea water than pure copper, and was formerly much vised for ...

Sheet Brass (For Sheet and Wire)

In the preparation of brass for the manufacture of wire, an especially pure quality of copper must be used; ...

Gilders' Sheet Brass

Copper, 1 part; zinc, 1 part; tin, 1/10 part; lead, 1/10 part. Very readily fusible ...

Britannia Metal

Britannia metal is an alloy consisting principally of tin and antimony. Many varieties contain only ...

Bronzes

The composition of bronze must be effected immediately before the casting, for ...

Annealing Bronze

This process is more particularly employed in the preparation ...

Aluminum Bronze

This is prepared by melting the finest copper in a crucible, and adding the aluminum. The copper is cooled thereby to the thickly fluid point, but at the moment of the combination of the two ...

Art Bronzes

(See also Aluminum Bronzes and Japanese Bronzes under this title.) I Copper, 84 parts; zinc,...

Statuary Bronze

Many of the antique statues were made of genuine bronze, which has advantages for this purpose, but has ...

Bismuth Bronze

Copper, 52 parts; nickel, 30 parts; zinc, 12 parts; lead, 5 parts; bismuth, 1 part. ...

Phosphor Bronze

Phosphor bronze is bronze containing varying amounts of phosphorus, from a few hundredths of 1 per cent ...

Phosphor Bronze. Part 2

Copper is a soft, ductile metal, with its melting point at about 2.000 F. Molten copper has the marked property of absorbing various gases. It is for this reason that it is so difficult to ...

Phosphor Bronze. Part 3

The phosphor bronze bearing metal in vogue has the following composition: Copper, 79.7 per cent; tin, 10 ...

Phosphor Bronze. Part 4

The phosphorus is added to the bronze in the form of copper phosphide or phosphide of tin, the two being ...

Steel Bronze

Copper, 60; ferromanganese (containing 70 to 80 per cent manganese), 40; ...

Silicon Bronze

Silicon, similarly to phosphorus, acts as a deoxidizing agent, and the bronzes produced under its influence are ...

Sun Bronze

The alloy called sun bronze contains 10 parts of aluminum, 30 to 50 parts of copper, and 40 to 60 parts of ...

Tobin Bronze

This alloy is nearly similar in composition and properties to Delta metal. I II ...

Lipowitz's Alloy

I This alloy is composed of cadmium, 3 parts; tin, 4; bismuth, 15; and lead, 8. The simplest method of ...

Cadmium Alloys with Gold, Silver, and Copper

I Gold, 750 parts; silver, 166 parts; cadmium, 84 parts. A malleable and ductile alloy of green color. II Gold, 750 parts; silver, 125 parts; and cadmium, 125 parts. ...

Alloys For Casting Coins, Medallions, Etc.

Alloys which fulfill the requirements of the medalist, and capable, therefore, of reproducing all details, are ...

Acid-proof Alloy

This alloy is characterized by its power of resisting the action of acids, and is therefore especially adapted to making cocks, pipes, etc., which are to come in contact with acid fluids. It is ...

Bath Metal Alloys

This alloy is used especially in England for the manufacture of teapots, and is very popular owing to the fine white color it possesses. It takes a high polish, and articles made from this alloy ...

Copper Arsenic Alloys

Arsenic imparts to copper a very fine white color, and makes it very hard and brittle. Before German silver was known, these ...

Delta Metal

An alloy widely used for making parts of machinery, and also for artistic purposes, is the so-called Delta metal<...

Gong Metal

A sonorous metal for cymbals, gongs, and tam-tams consists of 100 parts of copper with 25 parts tin. Ignite the piece after it is cast and plunge it into cold ...

Retz Alloy

This alloy, which resists the corrosive action of alkalies and acids, is composed of ...

File Alloys

Many copper-tin alloys are employed for the making of files which, in distinction from the steel ...

Easily Fusible Or Plastic Alloys

(These have a fusing point usually below 300 F.) (See also Solders.) I. Rose's Alloy Bismuth, 2 parts; ...

Fusible Alloys for Electric Installations

These alloys are employed in electric installations as current interrupters. Serving as conductors on a short ...

Lipowitz Metal Amalgam

This amalgam is prepared as follows: Melt in a dish, cadmium, 3 parts, by weight; tin, 4 parts; bismuth, 15 parts; and ...

Plastic Metal Composition

I. Copper oxide is reduced by means of hydrogen or copper sulphate by boiling a solution of the same in ...

Quick - Water

That the amalgam may easily take hold of bronze objects and remain there, it is customary to cover the ...

Colored Gold Alloys

The alloys of gold with copper have a reddish tinge; those of gold with silver are whiter, and an alloy of gold, ...

Enameling Alloys

I. Transparent. This alloy should possess the property of transmitting rays of light so as to ...

Gold-leaf Alloys

All gold made into leaf is more or less alloyed. The gold used by the goldbeater is alloyed according to the variety of color required. Fine gold is commonly supposed to be incapable of being ...

Imitation Gold

I One hundred parts, by weight, of copper of the purest quality; 14 of zinc or tin; 6 of magnesia; 3/6 of sal ammoniac, limestone, ...

Mannheim Gold or Similor

Mannheim gold is composed of copper, zinc, and tin, in proportions about as follows: I II Copper......... ...

Oreïde or Oroïde (French Gold)

The so-called French gold, when polished, so closely resembles genuine gold in color that it can scarcely be distinguished from it. Besides its beautiful color, it has the valuable ...

Palladium Gold

Alloys of gold, copper, silver, and palladium have a brownish-red color and are nearly as hard as ...

Japanese Alloys

In Japan some specialties in metallic alloys are in use of which the composition is as follows: Shadke ...

German Silver Or Argentan

The composition of this alloy varies considerably, but from the adjoined figures an average may be found, which will represent, approximately, the normal composition: Copper....... 50 to ...

Nickel Bronze

This is prepared by fusing together very highly purified nickel (99.5 per cent) with copper, tin, and zinc. A ...

Instrument Alloys

The following are suitable for physical and optical instruments, metallic mirrors, telescopes, etc.: I Copper, 62 parts; tin, 33 parts; ...

Lead Alloys

The following alloys, principally lead, are used for various purposes: Bibra Alloy This ...

Magnetic Alloys

Alloys which can be magnetized most strongly are composed of copper, ...

Manganese Alloys

Manganese bronze is a bronze deprived of its oxide by an admixture of ...

Mirror Alloys

Amalgams For Mirrors I Tin, 70 parts; mercury, 30 parts. II For curved mirrors. Tin, 1 part; ...

Speculum Metal

Alloys consisting of 2 parts of copper and 1 of tin can be very brilliantly polished, and will serve for mirrors. ...

Palladium Alloys

I An alloy of palladium 24 parts, gold 80, is white, hard as steel,...

Platinum Alloys

Platinum has usually been alloyed with silver in goldsmith's work, 2 parts silver to 1 of platinum being taken to form the ...

Platinum Gold

Small quantities of platinum change the characteristics of gold in many respects. With a small percentage the color is noticeably lighter than that of pure gold, and the ...

Cooper's Pen Metal

This alloy is especially well adapted to the manufacture of pens, on account of its great hardness, elasticity, and power of resistance to atmospheric influences, and would certainly have ...

Pewter

This is an alloy of tin and lead only, or of tin with antimony and copper. The first ...

Silver Alloys

Aluminum Silver Aluminum and silver form beautiful white alloys which are considerably harder than pure ...

Arsenic Alloys

Alloys which contain small quantities of arsenic are very ductile, have a beautiful white color, and were ...

Copper, Silver, and Cadmium Alloys

Cadmium added to silver alloys gives great flexibility and ductility, without affecting the white color; these ...

Silver, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Alloys

These alloys, from the metals contained in them, may be characterized as argentan or German silver with a certain ...

Japanese (Gray) Silver

An alloy is prepared in Japan which consists of equal parts of copper and silver, and which is given a beautiful gray color by boiling in a solution of ...

Imitation Silver Alloys

There are a number of alloys, composed of different metals, which resemble silver, and may be briefly mentioned ...

Steel Alloys

See also Steel. For Locomotive Cylinders This mixture ...

Tin Alloys

Alloys For Dentists' Molds And Dies I Very hard. Tin, 16 parts; antimony, 1 part; zinc, 1 part. II Softer than the former. Tin, 8 parts; zinc, 1 part; ...

Other Tin-Lead Alloys

Percentage of lead and specific gravity. P. C. ...

Tin Statuettes, Buttons, etc

I Tin................. 4 parts Lead................ 3 parts ...

Type Metal Alloys

An alloy which is to serve for type metal must be readily cast, fill out the molds sharply, and be as hard as ...

White Metals

The so-called white metals are employed almost exclusively for bearings. (See Anti-friction Metals under ...

White Metals Based on Copper

I Copper, 65 parts; arsenic, 55 parts. II Copper, 64 parts; arsenic, 50 parts. III Copper, 10 parts; zinc, 20 parts; nickel, 30 parts. ...

White Metals Based on Platinum

I Platinum, 1 part; copper, 4 parts; or platinum, 1.5 parts; copper, 3.5 parts. II Platinum, 10 parts; tin, 90 parts; or platinum, 8 parts; tin, 92 parts. ...

Bidery Metal

This is sometimes composed of 31 parts of zinc, 2 parts of copper, and 2 parts of lead;...

Unclassified Alloys

Alloys For Drawing Colors On Steel Alloys of various composition are successfully used for drawing ...

Alum

Burnt Alum I Heat the alum in a porcelain dish or other suitable vessel till it liquefies, then ...

How To Color Aluminum:

Blanching Of Aluminum Aluminum is one of the metals most inalterable by air; nevertheless, the objects of aluminum tarnish quickly enough without being altered. They may be ...

Decorating Aluminum

A process for decorating aluminum, patented in Germany, prescribes that the objects be first ...

Making Castings in Aluminum

The method adopted in preparing molds and cores for aluminum work is necessarily somewhat the same as for ...

To Increase the Toughness, Density, and Tenacity of Aluminum

For the purpose of improving aluminum, without increasing its specific gravity, the aluminum is mixed with 4 to 7 per cent of phosphorus, whereby the density, tenacity, and especially the ...

Toughness, Density, and Tenacity of Aluminum. Part 2

Too much stress cannot be laid on the fact of starting with the proper grade of metal, for either through ignorance or by not observing this point is the foundation of the majority of the ...

Toughness, Density, and Tenacity of Aluminum. Part 3

An effect similar to the scratch-brush finish can be got by sand blasting, and by first sand blasting and then scratch brushing the sheets, a good finish is obtained with very much less labor than ...

Amalgams

See also Easily Fusible Alloys under Alloys. The name amalgam is given to ...

General Properties of Amalgams

Amalgams are liquid when the quicksilver is in great excess; solid, but readily fusible, when the alloyed metal ...

Applications of Potassium Amalgams

I They furnish a process for preparing potassium by the decomposition of ...

Applications of Sodium Amalgams

These are nearly the same as those of the potassium amalgams, but the sodium ...

Applications of Barium Amalgams

These can, by distillation, furnish barium. It is one of the processes for preparing this metal, which, when thus obtained, almost always retains a little sodium. Applications Of ...

Applications of Zinc Amalgams

The principal employment of zinc amalgams is their use as a cathode or negative electrode in the batteries of ...

Applications of Manganese Amalgams

These may serve for the preparation of manganese. For this purpose it is sufficient to distill in a ...

Applications of Copper Amalgams

I An amalgam of 30 per cent of copper has been employed for filling teeth. This use has been abandoned on account of the inconvenience occasioned by the great changeableness of the ...

Applications of Lead Amalgams

These meet with an interesting employment for the autogenous soldering of lead. After ...

Applications of Silver Amalgams

I In the silvering of mirrors by the Petit-jean method, which has almost universally replaced ...

Applications of Gold Amalgams

I Gilding with quicksilver. This process of gilding, much employed formerly, is now but little used. It can be applied only to metals slightly fusible and capable of amalgamation, like ...

Gold Amalgam

Eight parts of gold and 1 of mercury are formed into an amalgam for plating by rendering the gold into thin plates, making it red hot, and then putting it into the mercury while the latter is also ...

Copper Amalgam

Copper amalgam, or so-called Viennese metal cement, crystallizes with the greatest readiness and acquires ...

Silver Amalgam

Silver amalgam can easily be made with the help of finely powdered silver. The mercury need only be ...

Amber

Imitation Amber Melt carefully together pine rosin, 1; lacca in tabulis, 2; white colophony, 15 parts. ...

Ammonia

Household Ammonia (See also Household Formulas.)Household ammonia is simply diluted ...

Liquor Ammonii Anisatus

Oil of anise, by weight........ 1 part Alcohol, by weight............ ...

Antidotes for Poisons

Poison, Symptoms And Antidotes When a person has taken poison the first thing to do is to compel the patient to vomit, and for that purpose give any emetic that can be most readily and ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Mineral Acids—Sulphuric Acid (Oil of Vitriol), Nitric Acid (Aqua Fortis), Muriatic Acid (Spirits of Salts)

Symptoms: Acid, burning taste in the mouth, acute pain in the throat, stomach, and bowels; frequent vomiting, generally bloody; mouth and lips excoriated, shriveled, white or yellow; hiccough, ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Vegetable Acids—Acetic, Citric, Oxalic, Tartaric

Symptoms : Intense burning pain of mouth, throat, and stomach; vomiting blood which is highly acid, violent purging, collapse, stupor, death. ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Prussic or Hydrocyanic Acid—Laurel Water, Cyanide of Potassium, Bitter Almond Oil, Etc

Symptoms: In large doses almost invariably instantaneously fatal; when not immediately fatal, sudden loss of sense and control of the voluntary muscles. The odor of the poison generally noticeable ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Aconite—Monkshood, Wolfsbane

Symptoms: Numbness and tingling in the mouth and throat, and afterwards in other portions of the body, with sore throat, pain over the stomach, and vomiting; dimness of vision, dizziness, great ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Alkalis and Their Salts—Concentrated Lye, Wood-ash Lye, Caustic Potash, Ammonia, Hartshorn

Symptoms: Caustic, acrid taste, excessive heat in the throat, stomach, and intestines; vomiting of bloody matter, cold sweats, hiccough, purging of bloody stools. Treatment: The common vegetable ...

Antimony and Its Preparations—Tartar Emetic, Antimonial Wine, Kerme's Mineral

Symptoms : Faintness and nausea, soon followed by painful and continued vomiting, severe diarrhea, constriction and burning sensation in the throat, cramps, or spasmodic twitch- ings, with ...

Arsenic and Its Preparations—Ratsbane, Fowler's Solution, Etc

Symptoms: Generally within an hour pain and heat are felt in the stomach, soon followed by vomiting, with a burning dryness of the throat and great thirst; the matters vomited are generally ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Belladonna, or Deadly Nightshade

Symptoms: Dryness of the mouth and throat, great thirst, difficulty of swallowing, nausea, dimness, confusion or loss of vision, great enlargement of the pupils, dizziness, delirium, and coma. ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Cantharides (Spanish or Blistering Fly) and Modern Potato Bug

Symptoms: Sickening odor of the breath, sour taste, with burning heat in the throat, stomach, and bowels; frequent vomiting, often bloody; copious bloody stools, great pain in the stomach, with ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Cobalt, or Fly Powder

Symptoms: Heat and pain in the throat and stomach, violent retching and vomiting, cold and clammy skin, small and feeble pulse, hurried and difficult breathing, diarrhea, etc. Treatment: An emetic,...

Antidotes for Poisons: Foxglove, or Digitalis

Symptoms: Loss of strength, feeble, fluttering pulse, faintness, nausea and vomiting and stupor ; cold perspiration, dilated pupils, sighing, irregular breathing, and sometimes convulsions. ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Hemlock (Conium)

Symptoms: Dryness of the throat, tremors, dizziness, difficulty of swallowing, prostration, and faintness, limbs powerless or paralyzed, pupils dilated, pulse rapid and feeble; insensibility and ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Lead—Acetate of Lead, Sugar of Lead, Dry White Lead, Red Lead, Litharge, or Pickles, Wine, or Vinegar Sweetened by Lead

Symptoms: When taken in large doses, a sweet but astringent metallic ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Mercury—Corrosive Sublimate (bug poisons frequently contain this poison), Red Precipitate, Chinese or English Vermilion

Symptoms: Acrid, metallic taste in the mouth, immediate constriction and burning in the throat, with anxiety and tearing pains in both stomach and bowels, sickness, and vomiting of various- ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Opium and All Its Compounds— Morphine, Laudanum, Paregoric, Etc

Symptoms: Giddiness, drowsiness, increasing to stupor, and insensibility; pulse usually, at first, quick and irregular, and breathing hurried, and afterwards pulse slow and feeble, and respiration ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Phosphorus — Found in Lucifer Matches and Some Rat Poisons

Symptoms: Symptoms of irritant poisoning; pain in the stomach and bowels; vomiting, diarrhea; tenderness and tension of the abdomen. Treatment: An emetic is to be promptly given; copious draughts ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Poison Ivy

Symptoms: Contact with, and with many persons the near approach to, the vine gives rise to violent erysipelatous inflammation, especially of the face and hands, attended with itching, redness, ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Stramonium, Thorn Apple, or Jamestown Weed

Symptoms: Vertigo, headache, perversion of vision, slight delirium, sense of suffocation, disposition to sleep, bowels relaxed, and all secretions augmented. Treatment: Same as for belladonna. ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Strychnine or Nux Vomica

The characteristic symptom is the special influence exerted upon the nervous system, which is manifested by a general contraction of all the muscles of the body, with rigidity of the ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Tin—Chloride of Tin, Solution of Tin (used by dyers), Oxide of Tin, or Putty Powder

Symptoms: Vomiting, pains in the stomach, anxiety, restlessness, frequent pulse, delirium, etc. Treatment: Empty the stomach, and give whites of ...

Antidotes for Poisons: Zinc—Oxide of Zinc, Sulphate of Zinc, White Vitriol, Acetate of Zinc

Symptoms: Violent vomiting, astringent taste, burning pain in the ...

Antiferments

The following are tried and useful formulas: I Sulphite (not sulphate) of ...

Anchovy Preparations

Extemporaneous Anchovy Sauce Anchovies, chopped small............. 3 or 4 Butter.............. ...

To Preserve Antiques

The best process for the preservation of antique metallic articles consists in a retransformation of the metallic oxides into metal by the electrolytic method. For this purpose a zinc strip is ...

Antiseptic Powders

I Borax............ 3 ounces Dried ...

Antiseptic Pencils

I Tannin............ q. s. Alcohol, q. s......... ...

Antiseptic Paste (Poison) for Organic Specimens

(a) Wheat flour....... 16 ounces Beat to a batter with cold water<...

Antiseptic Paste

Difficulty is often experienced in applying an antiseptic dressing to moist surfaces, such as the lips after operation for harelip. A paste for this purpose is described by its originator, Socin. ...

Alkaline Glycerine of Thymol

Sodium bicarbonate.. 100 grains Sodium biborate..... 200 grains Sodium benzoate..... 80 grains Sodium salicylate .... &...

Substitute for Rubber Gloves

Murphy has found that a 4-, 6-, or 8-per-cent solution of gutta-percha in benzine, when applied to the hands of ...

Asthma Cures

Asthma Papers. I.Impregnate bibulous paper with the following: Extract of stramonium, 10; potassium nitrate, 17; sugar, 20; warm ...

Asthma Cigarettes

I. Belladonna leaves, 5 parts; stramonium leaves, 5 parts; digitalis leaves, 5 parts; ...

Antidote To Atropine

The usual physiological antidotes to the mydriatic alkaloids from belladonna, stramonium, and hyoscyamus are ...

Baking Powders

I Tartaric acid, 3 parts; sodium bicarbonate, 1 part; starch, 0.75 part. Of this baking powder the required amount for 500 parts of flour is about 20 parts for rich cake, and 15 parts ...

Balsams

See also Ointments. Wild-Cherry Balsam Wild-cherry bark. . 1 ounce Licorice root....

Effervescent Bath Tablets

Tartaric acid........ 10 parts Sodium bicarbonate.. 9 parts Rice flour........... 6 parts A few spoonfuls of this, when stirred into a bathtubful of ...

Battery Fillers And Solutions

I In the so-called dry batteries the exciting substance is a paste instead of a fluid; moisture is necessary to cause the reaction. ...

Solutions for Batteries

The almost exclusively employed solution of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) presents the drawback that the zinc rods, glasses, etc., after a short use, become covered with a fine, yellow, very ...

Beef, Iron And Wine

Extract of beef .... 512 grains Detannated sherry Wine........... 26 ounces ...

Restoration Of Spoiled Beer

I Powdered chalk is poured into the cask and allowed to remain in the beer until completely precipitated. II The liquor of boiled raisins may be poured into the beer, ...

Foul Brood In Bees

Foul brood is a contagious disease to which bees are subject. It is caused by bacteria and its presence may be known by the bees becoming languid. Dark, stringy, and elastic masses are ...

Belt Pastes For Increasing Adhesion

I Tallow............ 50 parts Caster oil, crude.... 20 parts Fish oil............ 20 parts Colophony......... 10 ...

Benzine

Benzine, To Color Green Probably the simplest and cheapest as well as the best method of coloring ...

Deodorizing Benzine

I Benzine......... 20 ounces Oil of ...

Benzoparal

A neutral, bland, oily preparation of benzoin, useful for applying various antiseptics by the aid of an ...

Ginger Ale And Ginger Beer: Old-Fashioned Ginger Beer

Lemons, large and sound............ 6 only Ginger, bruised...... 3 ounces Sugar..........

Ginger-Ale Extract

I Jamaica ginger, coarse powder.. 4 ounces Mace, powder.. .. 1/2 ounce ...

Ginger Beer

Brown sugar........ 2 pounds Boiling water........ ...

Soluble Extract of Ginger Ale

Of the following three formulas the first is intended for soda-fountain use, ...

Lemonades

Lemonade Preparations For The Sick I Strawberry Lemonade: Citric acid, 6 parts; ...

Lemonades, Lemon and Sour Drinks for Soda-Water Fountains

Plain Lemonade.Juice of 1 lemon; pulverized sugar, 2 teaspoonfuls; filtered water, sufficient; ...

Raspberry Lemonade

I Juice of 1 lemon; 3 teaspoonfuls powdered sugar; 1 tablespoonful raspberry juice; shaved ice; plain ...

"Ping Pong" Frappé

Grape juice, unfermented, 1 quart; port wine (California), 0.5 pint; lemon syrup, 12 ounces; pineapple syrup, 2 ounces; orange syrup, 4 ounces; ...

Egg Lemonade

I Break 1 egg into a soda glass, add 1.25 ounces lemon syrup, a drachm of lemon juice, and a little ...

Hot Soda-Water Drinks

Chocolate I This may be prepared in two ways, from the powdered cocoa or from a syrup. To prepare the cocoa for use, dry mix with an equal quantity of pulverized sugar and use ...

Coffee

I Make an extract by macerating 1 pound of the best Mocha and Java with 8 ounces of ...

Hot Egg Orangeade

One egg; juice of 0.5 orange; 2 teaspoonfuls powdered sugar. Shake, strain, add 1 cup of hot ...

Cocoa Syrup

I Cocoa, light, soluble. 4 ounces Granulated sugar.... 2 pounds Boiling hot ...

Pepsin Phosphate

One teaspoonful of liquid pepsin; 2 dashes of acid phosphate; 1 ounce of lemon syrup; 1 cup hot ...

Hot Malt

Extract of malt, 1 ounce; cherry syrup, 1 ounce; hot water, sufficient to make 8 ounces. ...

Hot Bouillon

Beef extract......... 1 ounce Hot water, q. s. to make............. 8 ...

Hot Tea

I Tea syrup.......... sufficient Hot water, q. s. to make........

Hot Egg Drinks

I One-half to 1 ounce liquid extract of beef, 1 egg, salt and pepper to season, hot ...

Fancy Soda Drinks

Coffee Cream Soda Serve in a 12-ounce glass. Draw 1.5 ounces of syrup and 1 ounce ...

Chocolate and Milk

Chocolate syrup..... 2 ounces Sweet milk, sufficient. Fill a glass half full of shaved ...

Goldenade

Shaved ice, 0.5 tumblerful; powdered sugar; juice of 1 lemon; yolk of 1 egg. Shake well, add soda ...

Egg Coffee

Coffee syrup........ 2 ounces ...

Rose Cream

Rose syrup..........12 drachms ...

Yama

One egg. Cream.......... 2 ounces Sugar........... 2 teaspoonfuls Jamaica rum....

Koumiss

The original koumiss is the Russian, made from mare's milk, while that produced in this country and other parts ...

Koumiss: Miscellaneous Formulas

I Fill a quart champagne bottle up to the neck with pure milk; add 2 tablespoonfuls of white sugar, after dissolving the same in a ...

Kwass

Kwass is a popular drink among the Russian population of Kunzews, prepared as follows: In a big kettle put from 13 ...

Winter Beverages

Campchello Thoroughly beat the yolks of 12 fresh eggs with 2.25 pounds finely powdered, refined sugar, ...

Summer Drink

Chopped ice...... 2 tablespoonfuls ...

Beer Recipes

Scotch Beer Add 1 peck malt to 4 gallons of boiling water and let it mash for 8 ...

Spruce Beer Recipe

I Sugar, 1 pound; essence of spruce, 1/2 ounce; boiling water, 1 gallon; mix ...

Weiss Beer Recipe

This differs from the ordinary lager beer in that it contains wheat malt. The ...

Bird Foods

See also Veterinary Formulas. Mixed Birdseed Canary seed.......... &...

Bleaching Things

Bleaching Linen Mix common bleaching powder in the proportion of 1 pound to a gallon of ...

Blight Remedies

I Soft soap........ 40 parts Amyl alcohol..... 50 parts ...

Boil Remedy

Take a piece of soft linen or borated gauze, rub some vaseline upon one side of it, quickly pour upon it some chloroform, apply it to the unopened boil or carbuncle, and place a bandage over all. ...

Prevention of Boiler Scale

The lime contained in the feed water, either as bicarbonate or as sulphate, is ...

Prevention of Electrolysis

In order to prevent the eating away of the sheets and tubes by electrolytic action, it has long been the practice of marine engineers to suspend slabs of zinc in their boilers. The zinc, being ...

Bone Black

Bone Or Ivory Black All bones (and ivory is bone in a sense) consist of a framework of crystallized ...

Books Handling And Preservation

The Preservation Of Books In Hot Climates Books in hot climates quickly deteriorate unless carefully guarded. There are three destructive agencies: (1) damp, (2) a small black insect, (3)...

Borax For Sprinkling

I Sprinkling borax is not only cheaper, but also dissolves less in soldering ...

Bottles

Magic Bottles The mystery of the wonderful bottle, from which can be poured in succession port wine, sherry, ...

Bottle-Capping Mixtures

I Soak 7 pounds of good gelatin in 10 ounces of glycerine and 60 ounces of ...

Show Bottles

I Place in a cylindrical bottle the following liquids in the order named: First, sulphuric acid, tinted blue with indigo; second, chloroform; third, glycerine, slightly' tinted ...

Brass Coloring

Formulas for the making of Brass will be found under Alloys. Colors For Polished Brass The ...

Miscellaneous Coloring of Brass

Yellow to bright red: Dissolve 2 parts native copper carbonate with 1 part caustic soda in 10 parts ...

Coloring Unpolished Brass

A yellow color of handsome effect is obtained on unpolished brass by means of antimony-chloride solution. ...

Black Color on Brass

A black or oxidized surface on brass is produced by a solution of carbonate of copper in ...

Black Finish for Brass

I A handsome black finish may be put on brass by the following process: Dissolve in 1,000 parts of ...

Refinishing Gas Fixtures

Gas fixtures which have become dirty or tarnished from use may be improved in appearance by painting with ...

Graining of Brass

Brass parts of timepieces are frequently provided with a dead grained surface. For this purpose they are fastened ...

The Dead, or Matt, Dip for Brass

The dead dip is used to impart a satiny or crystalline finish to the surface. The bright dip gives a smooth, shiny, and perfectly even surface, but the dead dip is the most pleasing of any dip ...

To Improve Deadened Brass Parts

Clock parts matted with oilstone and oil, such as the hour wheels, minute wheels, etc., obtain, by mere grinding, a somewhat dull appearance, with a sensitive surface which readily takes spots. ...

Restoration of Brass Articles

The brass articles are first freed from adhering dirt by the use of hot ...

Remedies for Fetid Breath

Fetid breath may be due to the expelled air (i. e., to disease of the respirational tract), to gases thrown off from the digestive tract, or to a diseased mouth. In the first two cases medication ...

Brick Stain

To stain brick flat the color of brown-stone, add black to Venetian red until the ...

Bromoform

Bromoform is insoluble in dilute alcohol, but may be dissolved by the aid of glycerine. The following formula ...

Bronze Formulas

See Alloys. ...

Liquid Bronzes

I For the production of liquid bronze, acid-free varnish should be used, as ...

General Formulas for Bronzing Preparations

I Take 240 parts subacetate of copper, 120 parts oxide of zinc in powder form, 60 parts ...

How to Bronze Metals

Prepare a solution of 1.5 ounces of sodium hyposulphite in 1 pint of water and add to the ...

A Bronze for Brass

Immerse the articles, freed from dirt and grease, in a cold solution of 10 parts of potassium permanganate, 50 parts of ...

Bronze Gilding on Smooth Moldings

A perfect substitute for dead gilding cannot be obtained by bronzing, because of the radically different reflection of the ...

Bronze Substitutes

The following recipe is used in making imitation gold bronzes: Sandarac.......... 50 parts ...

To Color Bronze

Bronze articles acquire handsome tempering colors by heating. In order to impart an ...

Imitation Japanese Bronze

When the copper or coppered article is perfectly dry and the copper or copper coating made ...

Bronze Powders

See also' Plating for general methods of bronzing, ...

Mosaic Gold Bronze Powder

Mosaic gold, generally a compound of tin, 64.63 parts, and sulphur, 35.37 parts, is odorless ...

How To Take Care Of Paint And Varnish Brushes

It is a good plan to fill the varnish brush before putting it in the keeper. Whitewash or kalsomine brushes should not be put into newly ...

Cleaning Varnish Brushes

Varnish brushes, and brushes used in varnish stain, buggy paint, and all color in ...

Washing Brushes

All brushes should be washed in benzine or turpentine and shaken drynot whippedwhen it is desired ...

Burns

See also Ointments and Turpentine. Mixture For Burns I A mixture of ...

Butter

(See also Poods.) Butter Color.-Orlean, 80 parts, by weight; curcuma root (turmeric), 80 parts, by ...

To Impart the Aroma and Taste of Natural Butter to Margarine

In order to give margarine the aroma and flavor of cow butter, add to it a fatty acid product, which is obtained ...

An English Margarine

A mixture of edible fats of suitable consistency, e. g., oleo oil, 5 parts; neutral lard, 7 parts; and ...

Preservation and Use of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide is readily attacked by the air and the moisture contained in the generators and consequently decomposes during the storing, with formation of acetylene gas. Aside from the loss, ...

Camphor Preparations: Fragrant Naphthalene Camphor

Naphthalene white, in scales........ 3,000 parts Camphor......... 1,0.00 parts Melt on the steam bath and add to the hot mass: Coumarin............ 2 parts <...

Camphor Ice

I White wax.......... 16 parts Benzoated suet...... 48 parts Camphor, ...

Canary-Bird Paste

The following is a formula much used by German canary-bird raisers: Sweet almonds, ...

Coloring Ceresine Candles for the Christmas Tree

For coloring these candles only dye stuffs soluble in oil can be employed. Blue: 23-24 lavender ...

Candle Coloring

Candles are colored either throughout or they sometimes consist of a white body that is covered with a colored layer of ...

Caramel

Cloudless Caramel Coloring I When it is perfectly understood that in the manufacture of ...

Carbolic Acid

Perfumed Carbolic Acid I Carbolic acid (cryst.). 1 ounce ...

Disguising Odor of Carbolic Acid

Any stronger smelling substance will disguise the odor of carbolic acid, to an extent at least, but it is a difficult odor to disguise on account of its persistence. Camphor and some of the ...

Casein

Dried Casein, its Manufacture and Uses For the production of casein, skimmed milk or buttermilk is used,...

Phosphate of Casein and its Production

The process is designed to produce a strongly acid compound of phosphoric acid and casein, practically stable and ...

Castings Out of Various Metals

Until recent years metal castings were all made in sand molds; that is, the patterns were used for the impressions ...

To Prevent the Adhesion of Modeling Sand to Castings

Use a mixture of finely ground coke and graphite. Although the former material is highly porous, possessing this quality even as a fine powder, and the fine pulverization is a difficult operation, ...

How to Make a Plaster Cast of a Coin or Medal

The most exact observance of any written or printed directions is no guarantee of success. Practice alone can give expertness in this work. The composition of the mold is of the most ...

How to Make Castings of Insects

The objecta dead beetle, for example is first arranged in a natural position, and the feet are connected with an oval rim of wax. It is then fixed in the center of a paper or wooden ...

Casting Molds

I Brass molds for the casting of soft metal ornaments out of britannia, pewter, spelter, etc., should be ...

Casting: Plaster Molds

Castings of any metal can be done in a plaster mold, provided the mold has dried, at a ...

Castor Oil

Purifying Rancid Castor Oil To clean rancid castor oil mix 100 parts of the oil at 95 F. with ...

Tasteless Castor Oil

I Pure castor oil.. 1 pint Cologne ...

How to Take Castor Oil

The disgust for castor oil is due to the odor, not to the taste. If the patient grips the nostrils firmly ...

Catatypy

It is a well-known fact that the reactions of the compounds of silver, platinum, and chromium in photographic processes are generally voluntary ones and that the ...

Preparation of Catgut Sutures

The catgut is stretched tightly over a glass plate tanned in 5 per cent watery extract of quebracho, washed for a ...

Celery Compound

Celery (seed ground). 25 parts Coca leaves (ground). 25 parts Black haw (ground).. 25 parts Hyoscyamus leaves (ground).......... 12.5 parts Podophyllum (powdered) ............ 10 ...

New Celluloid

M. Ortmann has ascertained that turpentine produced by the Pinus larix, generally denominated Venice turpentine, in combination with acetone (dimethyl ketone), yields the best results; but other ...

Formol Albumen for Preparation of Celluloid

Formol has the property of forming combinations with most albuminoid substances. These are not identical with reference to plasticity, and the use which may be derived from them for the ...

Plastic Substances of Nitro-Cellulose Base

To manufacture plastic substances the Compagnie Française du Celluloid commences by submitting casein to a ...

Improved Celluloid

This product is obtained by mingling with celluloid, under suitable conditions, gelatin or strong glue of ...

Preparation of Uninflammable Celluloid

The operation of this process by Woodward is the following: In a receiver of glass or porcelain, liquefied fish ...

Substitute for Camphor in the Preparation of Celluloid and Applicable to Other Purposes

In this process commercial oil of turpentine, after being rectified by distillation over caustic ...

Production of Substances Resembling Celluloid

Most of the substitutes for camphor in the preparation of celluloid are attended with inconveniences ...

Elastic Substitute for Celluloid

Acetic cellulose, like nitro-cellulose, can be converted into an elastic corneous compound. The substances particularly suitable for the operation are organic substances containing one or more ...

Celluloid of Reduced Inflammability

I A practicable method consists in incorporating silica, which does not harm the essential ...

Solvents for Celluloid

Celluloid dissolves in acetone, sulphuric ether, alcohol, oil of turpentine, ...

Mending Celluloid

Celluloid dishes which show cracks are easily repaired by brushing the surface repeatedly with ...

Process of Impregnating Fabrics with Celluloid

The fabric is first saturated with a dilute celluloid solution of the consistency of ...

Plumbers' Cement

A plumbers' cement consists of 1 part black rosin, melted, and 2 parts of brickdust, thoroughly powdered ...

Puncture Cement

A patented preparation for automatically repairing punctures in bicycle ...

Dental Cements

Fairthorne's Cement Powdered glass, 5 parts; powdered borax, 4 parts; silicic acid, 8 parts; zinc oxide, ...

Zinc. Amalgam, or Dentists' ' Zinc

This consists of pure zinc filings combined with twice their weight of mercury, a gentle heat being employed to render the union more complete. It is best applied as soon as made. Its color is ...

Notes for Potters, Glass-, and Brick-makers

It is of the highest importance in selecting oxides, minerals, etc., for manufacturing different articles, for potters' use, to secure pure goods, especially in the purchase of the following: ...

Brick And Tilemakers' Glazed Bricks

White When the brick or tile leaves the press, with a very soft brush cover the part to be glazed with No. 1 Slip; afterwards dip the face in the same mixture. No. I ...

Preparation of Colors for Bricks

The specified ingredients should all be obtained finely ground, and after being mixed in the proportions given should, in a saggar or ...

Brick Bodies Requiring No Stain: Ivory

Cane marl.......... 16 parts Ball clay............ 12 ...

Blue Paviors Bricks

Blue paving bricks may be produced with almost any kind of clay that will stand a fair ...

Special Recipes For Pottery And Brick And Tile Works: Vitrifiable Bodies

The following mixtures will flux only at a very high heat. They require no glaze when a proper heat is attained, and ...

Ordinary Pottery Bodies And Glazes

Ordinary I China clay......... 2.5 parts Stone...........

Colored Pottery Bodies And Glazes

Ivory Body Ball clay..........22 parts ...

Colored Glazes For Pottery: Blue

White glaze...... 100 parts Oxide of cobalt... 3 parts ...

White Glazes For Pottery

China Frit: I Stone............. 6 parts ...

Glazes

I Red lead......... 60 parts Stone.........

Jet

Procure some first-class red marl, add water, and, by passing through a fine lawn, make it ...

Materials: Tin Ash

Old lead........... 4 parts Grain tin.......... 2 parts Melt in an ...

Production of Luster Colors on Porcelain and Glazed Pottery

The luster colors are readily decomposed by acids and atmospheric influences, because they do not contain, in consequence of the low baking temperature, enough ...

Metallic Luster on Pottery

According to a process patented in Germany, a mixture is prepared from various natural or artificial varieties of ocher, to which 25-50 per cent of finely powdered more or less metalliferous or ...

Metallic Glazes on Enamels

The formulas used by the Arabs and their Italian successors are partly disclosed in manuscripts in the British and South Kensington Museums; two are given below: Arab Italian <...

To Toughen China

To toughen china or glass place the new article in cold water, bring to boil gradually, boil for 4 ...

Cheese Manufacture

The process of cheese making is one which is eminently interesting and scientific, and which, in every gradation, depends on principles which chemistry has developed and illustrated. When a ...

Cheese Manufacture. Part 2

The transition of the insoluble into soluble casein depends upon the decomposition of the phosphate of ...

Cheese Manufacture. Part 3

The storing of the newly made cheese is the next point that engages the attention of the maker and wholesale dealer. The same principles which influence the maturation or ripening of fermented ...

Cheese Varieties

American Factory Same as Cheddar. Brickbat Named from its form; made, in ...

Cheese Varieties. Part 2

Gloucester Single Gloucester, from milk deprived of part of its cream; ...

Cheese Varieties. Part 3

Roquefort From ewes' milk; the best prepared in France. It greatly resembles Stilton, ...

Cheese Varieties. Part 4

Swiss The principal cheeses made in Switzerland are the Gruyère, ...

Chewing Gum Manufacture

The making of chewing gum is by no means the simple operation which it seems to be. Much experience in ...

Spruce Chewing Gum

Spruce gum...... 20 parts Chicle........... 20 parts Sugar, powdered. . 60 parts Melt the gums separately, mix while hot, and immediately add the sugar, a small portion ...

China Riveting

China riveting is best left to practical men, but it can be done with a drill made from a splinter of a ...

Chocolate

Prepare 1,000 parts of finished cacao and 30 parts of fresh cacao oil, in a warmed, polished, iron mortar, into a ...

Cholera Remedies

Sun Cholera Mixture Tincture of opium... 1 part Tincture of capsicum. 1 part Tincture of rhubarb.. 1 part ...

Making Cider

To Make Cider Pick the apples off the tree by hand. Every apple before going into the press should be carefully wiped. As soon as a charge of apples is ground, remove the pomace ...

Cider Preservative

I The addition of 154 grains of bismuth subnitrate to 22 gallons of cider prevents, or materially retards, the hardening of the beverage on ...

Bottling Sweet Cider

Champagne quarts are generally used for bottling cider, as they are strong and will stand pressure, besides being a convenient size for consumers. In ...

Imitation Cider

I A formula for an imitation cider is as follows: Rain ...

Cigar Sizes and Colors

Cigars are named according to their color and shape. A dead-black cigar, for instance, is an Oscuro, a very dark-brown one is a Colorado, a medium brown is a ...

How to Keep Cigars

Cigars kept in a case are influenced every time the case is opened. Whatever of taint there may be in the atmosphere rushes into the case, and is finally taken up by the cigars. Even though the ...

Cigar Flavoring

I. Macerate 2 ounces of cinnamon and 4 ounces of tonka beans, ground fine, in 1 quart of ...

Cigar Spots

The speckled appearance of certain wrappers is due to the work of a species of fungus that attacks the growing ...

Clarifying

Clarification is the process by which any solid particles suspended in a liquid are either caused to coalesce together or to adhere to the medium used for ...

Claying Mixture for Forges

Twenty parts fire clay; 20 parts cast-iron turnings; 1 part common salt; 0.5 part sal ammoniac; all by measure. ...

To Remove Stains From The Hands

Removal of Aniline-Dye Stains from the Skin Rub the stained skin with a pinch of slightly moistened red crystals of chromic trioxide until a distinct sensation of warmth announces the ...

Cleaning Gilded Articles

To Clean Gilt Frames and Gilded Surfaces Generally Dip a soft brush in alcohol to which a few drops of ...

Spot And Stain Removers: To Remove Aniline Stains

I Sodium nitrate...... 7 grains Diluted sulphuric acid 15 grains ...

Removal of Picric-Acid Stains

I Recent stains of picric acid may be removed readily if the stain is ...

To Remove Finger Marks from Books, etc

I Pour benzol (not benzine or gasoline, but Merck's c. p. crystallizable) on calcined ...

Cleaning Skins And Leather

See also Leather. To Clean Colored Leather Pour carbon bisulphide on non-vulcanized guttapercha, and allow it to stand about 24 ours. After shaking actively add more gutta-...

To Renovate Straw Hats

I Hats made of natural (uncolored) straw, which have become soiled by wear, may be cleaned by thoroughly sponging with a weak solution of tartaric acid in ...

Waterproof Stiffening for Straw Hats

If a waterproof stiffening is required use one of the varnishes for which formulas follow: I <...

How to Clean a Panama Hat

Scrub with castile soap and warm water, a nail brush being used as an aid to get the dirt ...

To Remove Old Oil, Paint, or Varnish Coats

I Apply a mixture of about 5 parts of potassium silicate ( ...

To Clean Brushes and Vessels of Dry Paint

(see also Brushes and Paints) The cleaning of the brushes and vessels in which the varnish or oil paint had dried is usually done by boiling with ...

To Remove Paint, Varnish, etc., from Wood

Varnish, paint, etc., no matter how old and hard, may be softened in a few minutes so that they can be easily scraped off, by applying the following mixture: Water ...

Paste for Removing Old Paint or Varnish Coats

I Sodium hydrate. ..... 5 parts Soluble soda glass ... 3 ...

Two-Solution Ink Remover

I (a) Citric acid....... 1 part Concentrated solution of borax ... 2 parts Distilled ...

Ink Erasers

I Inks made with nut-galls and copperas can be removed by using a moderately concentrated solution of ...

Removing Ink Stains

I The material requiring treatment should first be soaked in clean, warm water, ...

Cleaning Of Walls, Ceilings, And Wall Paper

See also Household Formulas. To Renovate Brick Walls Dissolve glue in ...

To Clean Painted Walls

A simple method is to put a little aqua ammonia in moderately ...

Clothes And Fabric Cleaners: Soaps for Clothing and Fabrics

When the fabric is washable and the color fast, ordinary soap ...

Clothes-Cleaning Fluids

See also Household Formulas I Borax.............. 1 ounce ...

To Remove Spots from Tracing Cloth

It is best to use benzine, which is applied by means of a cotton rag. The ...

To Clean Gold and Silver Lace

I Alkaline liquids sometimes used for cleaning gold lace are unsuitable, for they generally corrode or change the color of the silk. A solution of soap also interferes with certain ...

To Remove Silver Stains from White Fabrics

Moisten the fabric for two or three minutes with a solution of 5 parts of bromine and 500 parts of ...

Cleaning Tracings

Tracing cloth can be very quickly and easily cleaned, and pencil marks removed by the use of benzine, which is ...

Cleaning Painted And Varnished Surfaces: Cleaning and Preserving Polished Woodwork

Rub down all the polished work with a very weak alcoholic solution of shellac (1 to 20 or even 1 to 30) and ...

Glove Cleaners

Powder for Cleaning Gloves I White bole or pipe clay..........

Cleaning and Polishing Marble

I Marble that has become dirty by ordinary use or exposure may be cleaned by a simple bath ...

Cleaning and Polishing Marble. Continued

VIII Iron mold or ink spots may be taken out in the following manner: Take 0.5 ounce of ...

To Remove Grease Spots from Marble

If the spots are fresh, rub them over with a piece of cloth that has been dipped into pulverized china ...

To Remove Rust from Iron or Steel Utensils

I Apply the following solution by means of a brush, after having removed any grease by rubbing with a clean, dry cloth: 100 parts of stannic chloride are dissolved in 1,000 parts of ...

To Remove Rust from Nickel

First grease the articles well; then, after a few-days, rub them with a rag charged with ammonia. If the rust ...

Metal Cleaning

Cleaning and Preserving Medals, Coins, and Small Iron Articles The coating of silver chloride may be reduced with molten potassium cyanide. Then boil the article in ...

Cleaning Copper

I Use Armenian bole mixed into a paste with oleic acid. II Rotten stone....... 1 part ...

To Cleanse Nickel

I Fifty parts of rectified alcohol; 1 part of sulphuric acid; 1 part of nitric ...

Silver-Coin Cleaner

Make a bath of 10 parts of sulphuric acid and 90 parts of water, and let the coin lie in ...

To Remove Ink Stains on Silver

Silver articles in domestic use, and especially silver or plated inkstands, frequently become badly stained with ink. These stains cannot be removed by ...

How to Renovate Bronzes

For gilt work, first remove all grease, dirt, wax, etc., with a solution in water of ...

To Clean a Gas Stove

An easy method of removing grease spots consists in immersing the separable parts for several hours in a warm lye, heated to about 70 C. (158 F.), said lye to be made of 9 parts of ...

How to Clean Brass and Steel

To clean brasses quickly and economically, rub them with vinegar and salt or with ...

Composition for Cleaning Copper, Nickel, and other Metals

Wool grease, 46 parts, by weight; fire clay, 30 parts, by weight; ...

To Clean Zinc Articles

In order to clean articles of zinc, stir rye bran into a paste with boiling water, and add ...

To Clean Aluminum

I Aluminum articles are very hard to clean so they will have a bright, new appearance. This is especially the case with the matted or frosted pieces. To restore the pieces to brilliancy ...

How to Clean Tarnished Silver

I If the articles are only slightly tarnished, mix 3 parts of best washed and purified chalk and 1 part of white soap, adding ...

To Clean Dull Gold

I Take 80 parts, by weight, of chloride of lime, and rub it up with ...

Cleaning Gilded Bronzes

I Commence by removing the spots of grease and wax with a ...

To Clean Files

Files which have become clogged with tin or lead are cleaned by dipping for a few seconds into concentrated nitric ...

Grease- and Paint-Spot Eradicators

I Benzol........... 500 parts Benzine.......... 500 parts Soap, best white, ...

Removing Oil Spots from Leather

To remove oil stains from leather, dab the spot carefully with spirits of sal ammoniac, and after allowing it to act for a while, wash with clean ...

Watchmakers' And Jewelers' Cleaning Preparations

To Clean the Tops of Clocks in Repairing Sprinkle whiting on the top. Pour good vinegar over this and ...

To Clean Gummed Up Springs

Dissolve caustic soda in warm water, place the spring in the solution and leave it there ...

Cleaning Pearls

Pearls turn yellow in the course of time by absorbing perspiration on account of being worn in the hair, at the throat, and on the arms. There are several ways of rendering them white again. ...

Glass Cleaning

Cleaning Preparation for Glass with Metal Decorations Mix 1,000 parts of denaturized spirit (96 per ...

Cleaning Window Panes

Take diluted nitric acid about as strong as strong vinegar and pass it over the ...

Miscellaneous Cleaning Methods And Processes

Universal Cleaner Green soap....... 20 to 25 parts Boiling ...

Substitutes For Coffee

I Acorn.From acorns deprived of their shells, husked, dried, and roasted. II Bean.Horse beans roasted along with a little ...

Cold and Cough Mixtures

Cough Syrup The simplest form of cough syrup of good keeping quality is syrup of wild ...

Balsamic Cough Syrup

Balsam of Peru...... 2 drachms Tincture of Tolu .... 4 drachms Camphorated tincture of opium......... 4 ounces Powdered extract licorice............. 1 ounce ...

Collodion

Turpentine......... 5 parts Ether and alcohol.... 10 parts ...

Chowchow

Curry powder....... 4 ounces ...

Essence of Extract of Soup Herbs

Thyme, 4 ounces; winter savory, 4 ounces; sweet marjoram, 4 ounces; sweet basil, 4 ounces; grated lemon peel, 1 ounce: eschalots, 2 ounces; bruised celery seed, 1 ounce; ...

Relishes

Digestive Relish I Two ounces Jamaica ginger; 2 ounces black peppercorns; 1 ...

Curry Powder

I Coriander seed..... 6 drachms Turmeric.......... 5 scruples Fresh ...

Table Sauces

Worcestershire Sauce Pimento............. 2 drachms Clove............... 1 drachm Black pepper......... 1 drachm ...

Flavoring Spices

I Five ounces powdered cinnamon bark; 2.5 ounces powdered cloves; 2.5 ounces ...

Mustard

The Prepared Mustards of Commerce The mustard, i. e., the flower or powdered seed, used in preparing ...

Moutarde des Jesuittes

Twelve sardels and 280 capers are crushed into a paste and stirred into 3 pints of boiling wine vinegar. Add 4 ...

Tarragon Mustard, Sharp

This is prepared by adding to every 100 pounds of the above 21 ounces of white pepper, 5 ounces of pimento, and 2.5 ounces of cloves, ...

Confectionery

Cream Bonbons for Hoarseness Stir into 500 parts of cream 500 parts of white sugar. Put in a ...

Candy Orange Drops

It is comparatively easy to make a hard candy, but to put the material into drop form apparently requires experience and a machine. To make the candy itself, put, say, a pint of ...

A Good Summer Taffy

Place in a kettle 4 pounds of sugar, 3 pounds of glucose, and 1.5 pints of water; when it boils drop in a piece of ...

Horehound Candy

Dutch crushed sugar. 10 pounds Cried horehound leaves 2 ounces Cream of tartar...... 3/4 ...

Confectionery Colors

The following are excellent and entirely harmless coloring agents for the purposes named: Red<...

Confectionery Colors. Continued

Violet Red violet........... 65 parts White dextrine...... 30 parts Potato flour......... 5 parts Carmine ...

Voice and Throat Lozenges

Catechu........... 191 grains Tannic acid........ 273 grains Tartaric acid....... 273 grains Capsicin........... 30 minims Black-currant paste. 7 ounces ...

Annealing Copper

Copper is almost universally annealed in muffles, in which it is raised to the desired temperature, and subsequently allowed to cool either in the air or in ...

Annealing Copper. Continued

Burnt copper is nothing more or less than copper in the overpoled condition. This is brought about by the action of reducing gases in the muffle. By this means the small amount of oxygen necessary ...

Copper Coloring

Blacking Copper To give a copper article a black covering, clean it with emery paper, heat gently in a ...

Copying Printed Pictures

The so-called metallic paper used for steam-engine indicator cards has a smooth surface, chemically prepared so that black lines can be drawn upon it with pencils made of ...

Copying Process on Wood

If wood surfaces are exposed to direct sunlight the wood will exhibit, after 2 weeks action, a browning of dark tone in the exposed places. Certain parts of the surface being covered up during ...

Strong Twine

An extraordinarily strong pack thread or cord, stronger even than the so-called Zuckerschnur, may be obtained by laying the thread of fibers in a strong solution of ...

Preservation of Fishing Nets

The following recipe for the preservation of fishing nets is also applicable to ...

Corks

Impervious Corks Corks which have been steeped in petrolatum are said to be an excellent substitute for <...

Corn Cures

I Salicylic-Acid Corn Cure.Extract cannabis indica, 1 part, by measure; salicylic acid, 10 ...

Treatment of Bunions

Wear right and left stockings and shoes, the inner edges of the sole of which are perfectly straight. The bunion is bathed night and morning in a 4 per cent solution of ...

The Treatment of Corns

Any corn may be speedily and permanently cured. The treatment is of three kindspreventive, palliative, and curative. I The preventive treatment lies in adopting such ...

Cold Cream

I Oil of almonds .... 425 parts Lanolin.......... 185 parts White wax........ ...

Camphorated Cold Cream

Oil of sweet almonds ......... 8 fluidounces White wax........ 1 ounce Spermaceti..........

Lip Salves

Pomades for the Lips Lip pomatum which is said always to retain a handsome red color and never to grow rancid is prepared as follows: I ...

Manicure Preparations: Powdered Nail Polishes

I Tin oxide.......... 8 drachms ...

Pomades

I Beef-Marrow Pomade. Vaseline oil, yellow ........20,000 parts Ceresine, yellow 3,000 parts Beef marrow .. 2,000 parts Saffron substitute ........ ...

Colors for Pomade

Pomade may be colored red by infusing alkanet in the grease; yellow may be obtained by using annotto in the same way; an oil-soluble chlorophyll will give a green color by admixture. In ...

Rouges And Paints

Grease Paints Theatrical face paints are sold in sticks, and there are many varieties of color. Yellows are obtained with ocher; browns with burnt umber; and blue is made with ...

Black Grease Paints

I Soot............ 2 av. ounces Sweet almond oil. 2 fluidounces Cacao butter..... 6 ...

Fatty Face Powders

These have a small percentage of fat mixed with them in order to make the powder adhere to the skin. Dissolve 1 drachm anhydrous lanolin in 2 drachms of ether in a mortar. Add 3 drachms of ...

Liquid Rouge

I Carmine........... 4 parts Stronger ...

Peach Tint

a.Buffalo eosine .... 4 drachms Distilled water...... 16 fluidounces ...

Blackhead Remedies

I Lactic acid......... 1 drachm Boric acid......... 1 drachm Ceresine........... 1 drachm Parafline oil........ 6 drachms Hydrous wool fat. .. 1.5 ...

Hand Creams And Lotions: Chapped Skin

I Glycerine........... 8 parts Bay rum............ 4 parts ...

Hand-Cleaning Paste

Cleaning pastes are composed of soap and grit, either with or without some free alkali. Any soap may ...

Perspiring Hands

I Take rectified eau de cologne, 50 parts (by weight); belladonna dye, 8 parts; glycerine, 3 parts; rub gently twice or three times a day with half a tablespoonful of this mixture. One ...

Massage Creams: Massage Application

White potash soap, shaved........... 20 parts ...

Massage Skin Foods

This preparation is used in massage for removing wrinkles: I ...

Skin Bleaches, Balms, Lotions, Etc.

See also Cleaning Methods and Photography for removal of stains caused by photographic developers. Astringent Wash for Flabby Skin This is used to correct coarse pores, and to <...

Emollient Skin Balm

Quince seed......... 0.5 ounce Water.............. 7 ounces Glycerine.......

Detergent for Skin Stains

Moritz Weiss has introduced a detergent paste which will remove stains from the skin without attacking it, is non-poisonous, and can be used without hot ...

Almond Cold Creams

A liquid almond cream may be made by the appended formula. It has been known as milk of almond: <...

Almond Cold Creams. Continued

VI Castor oil....... 500 parts ...

Chappine Cream

Quince seed......... 2 drachms Glycerine........... 1.5 ounces Water........

Lanolin Creams

I Anhydrous lanolin. 650 parts Peach-kernel oil. .. 200 parts Water.......

Mucilage Creams

I Starch............ 30 parts Carrageen mucilage. 480 parts Boric acid......... 15 parts Glycerine.......... 240 parts Cologne ...

Skin Cream for Collapsible Tubes

I White vaseline..... 6 ounces White wax......... 1 ounce Spermaceti........ ...

Toilet Milks: Cucumber Milk

Simple cerate........ 2 pounds Powdered borax..... 11.5 ounces ...

Sunburn And Freckle Remedies

I Apply over the affected skin a solution of corrosive sublimate, ...

Freckle Remedies

I Poppy oil........... 1 part Lead acetate........ 2 parts ...

Sunburn Remedies

I Zinc sulphocarbolate........... 1 part Glycerine........ 20 parts Rose ...

Tan and Freckle Lotion

Solution A: Potassium iodide, iodine, glycerine, and infusion ...

Toilet Powders

Almond Powders for the Toilet I Almond meal.... 6,000 parts Bran meal.......3,000 parts Soap powder..... 600 parts Bergamot oil..... 50 parts ...

Violet Poudre de Riz

I Cornstarch......... 7 pounds Rice flour........... 1 pound Powdered talc....... 1 pound Powdered orris ...

Flesh Face Powder

Base.............. 9 pounds Powdered Florentine orris............ 1 pound ...

Rose Talc

II Powdered talc..... 5 pounds Oil of rose........ &...