Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas Recipes Processes Vol2

Toilet Vinegars

Pumillo Toilet Vinegar Alcohol, 80 per cent 1,600 parts ...

Rottmanner's Beauty Water

Koller says that this preparation consists of 1 part of camphor, 5 parts of milk of sulphur, and 50 parts ...

Bleaching Of Cotton

I Bleaching by Steaming.The singed and washed cotton goods are passed through hydrochloric acid of 2 Be. Leave them in heaps during 1 hour, wash, pass through sodium ...

Tests For Cotton

I Cotton, when freed from extraneous matter by boiling with ...

To Distinguish Cotton from Linen

Take a sample about an inch and a half square of the cloth to be tested and plunge it into a tepid alcoholic solution of cyanine. After the coloring matter has been absorbed by the fiber, rinse it ...

Cottonseed Hulls As Stock Food

Cottonseed hulls or other material containing fiber difficult of digestion are thoroughly mixed with about 5 per cent of their weight of hydrochloric acid (specific gravity, 1.16), and heated in a ...

Court Plasters

(See also Plasters.) Liquid Court Plaster I If soluble guncotton is dissolved in acetone in the proportion of about 1 part, by weight, of the former to 35 or 40 parts, ...

Crayons

See Pencils. Crayons For Graining And Marbling Heat 4 parts of water and 1 part of white ...

Whipped Cream

There are many ways to whip cream. The following is very highly indorsed: Keep the cream on ...

Cresol Emulsion

One of the best starting points for the preparation is the creosote obtained from blast ...

Crocus

The substance known as crocus, which is so exceedingly useful as a polishing medium for ...

Custard Powder

Corn flour.......... 7 pounds Arrowroot.......... 8 pounds Oil of almond....... 20 drops Oil of nutmegs....... 10 drops Tincture of saffron to color. Mix the ...

Damaskeening

Damaskeening, practiced from most ancient times, consists in ornamentally inlaying one metal with another, ...

Damaskeening by Electrolysis

Damaskeening of metallic plates may be done by electrolysis. A copper plate is covered with an isolating ...

Decalcomania Processes

See also Chromos, Copying Processes, and Transfer Processes. The decalcomania process of ...

Picture Transferrer

A very weak solution of soft soap and pearlashes is used to transfer recent prints, such as illustrations from papers, magazines, etc., to unglazed paper, on the decalcomania principle. Such a ...

Dentifrices: Tooth Powders

A perfect tooth powder that will clean the teeth and mouth with thoroughness need contain but few ingredients and is easily made. For the base there is nothing better than precipitated chalk; it ...

Violet Tooth Powder

Precipitated chalk... . 1 pound Florentine orris...... 4 ounces Castile soap......... 1 ounce Sugar.............. 1.5 ounces Extract of violet..... 1/4 ...

Peppermint as a Flavor

In France and all over Europe peppermint is the popular flavor, as wintergreen is in this country. English apothecaries use sugar of milk and heavy calcined magnesia in many of their tooth ...

Antiseptic Powder

VBoric acid....... 50 parts Salicylic acid..... SO parts Dragon's blood... 20 parts Calcium carbonate........... 1,000 parts Essence spearmint. 12 parts Reduce ...

Tooth Powders and Pastes

Although the direct object of these is to keep the teeth clean and white, they also prevent decay, if it is only by force of mere cleanliness, and in this way (and also by removing decomposing ...

Tooth Powders and Pastes. Part 2

VIII Bleaching powder ....... 11 parts Red coral.... 12 parts IX Red ...

Tooth Powders and Pastes. Part 3

XVII Cinchona bark...... 50 parts Chalk....... 100 ...

Tooth Powders and Pastes. Part 4

XXV Cream of tartar........ 120 parts Pumice...... 120 ...

Neutral Tooth Powder

Potassium chlorate, 200 parts; starch, 200 parts; carmine lake, 40 parts; saccharine (in alcoholic solution)...

Liquid Dentifrices And Tooth Washes

A French Dentifrice I A preparation which has a reputation in France as a liquid ...

Tooth Soaps And Pastes: Tooth Soaps

I White castile soap . . 225 parts Precipitated chalk .. 225 parts Orris root......... 225 parts Oil of peppermint. . 7 parts Oil of cloves....... 4 ...

Cherry Tooth Paste

III Clarified honey .. 100 drachms Precipitated chalk 100 drachms Powdered orris root.......... ...

Mouth Washes

I Quillaia bark 125 parts Glycerine....... 95 parts Alcohol.........

Mouth Washes. Continued

Foaming Orange VII Castile soap.... 29 drachms Oil orange..... 10 drops Oil ...

Depilatory Cream

The depilatory cream largely used in New York hospitals for the removal of hair from the skin previous ...

To Distinguish Genuine Diamonds

If characters or marks of any kind are drawn with an aluminum pencil on glass, porcelain, or any substance ...

Die Venting

Many pressmen have spent hours and days in the endeavor to produce sharp and full impressions on figured patterns. If all the deep recesses in deep-figured dies are vented to allow the air to ...

Digestive Powders And Tablets.

I Sodium bicarbonate. 93 parts Sodium chlorate. ... 4 parts Calcium carbonate.. 3 parts Pepsin............ ...

Disinfecting Fluids

I Creosote......... 40 gallons Rosin, powdered.. . 56 pounds Caustic ...

Disinfecting Fluids or Weed-Killers

I Cold water, 20 gallons; powdered rosin, 56 pounds; creosote oil, 40 gallons; ...

Disinfecting Powders

I Sulphate of iron. . . 100 parts Sulphate of zinc. . . 50 parts'...

Cuspidor Powder

Peat rubble is ground to a powder, and 100 parts put into a mixing machine, which can be ...

Formaldehyde for Disinfecting Books, Papers, etc

The property of formaldehyde of penetrating all kinds of paper, even when folded together in several layers, may be utilized for a perfect disinfection of books and letters, especially at a ...

General Disinfectants

I Alum............. 10 ounces Sodium carbonate .. 10 ounces Ammonium chloride 2 ounces ...

Odorless Disinfectants

I Ferric chloride..... 4 parts Zinc chloride....... 5 parts Aluminum chloride. 5 parts Calcium chloride .....

Dog Biscuit

The waste portions of meat and tallow, including the skin and fiber, have for years been imported from South American tallow factories in the form of blocks. Most of the dog bread consists ...

Doses For Adults And Children

The usual method pursued by medical men in calculating the doses of medicine for children is to average the dose in proportion to their approximate weight or to figure out a dose upon the ...

Dyes

In accordance with the requirements of dyers, many of the following recipes describe dyes for large quantities of ...

Dyes. Part 2

Chestnut Brown for Straw Bonnets For 25 hats, use ground sanders, 1.5 pounds; ground curcuma, 2 pounds; powdered gallnuts or sumac, 3/4 pound; rasped logwood, 1/10 pound. Boil together ...

Dyes. Part 3

Aniline Blue To 100 pounds of fabric, dissolve 1.25 pounds aniline blue in 3 quarts hot ...

Gray Dyes

Slate Dye for Silk For a small quantity, take a pan of warm water and about a ...

Green Dyes

Aniline Green for Silk Iodine green or night green dissolves easily in warm ...

Purple And Violet Dyes

Aniline Violet and Purple Acidulate the bath by sulphuric acid, or use sulphate of ...

Red, Crimson, And Pink Dyes

Aniline Red Inclose the aniline in a small muslin bag. Have a kettle (tin or brass) filled with ...

Yellow, Orange, And Bronze Dyes

Aniline Yellow This color is slightly soluble in water, and for dyers' use may ...

Feather Dyes

I Cut some white curd soap in small pieces, pour boiling water on them, and add ...

Dyes For Artificial Flowers

The French employ velvet, fine cambric, and kid for the petals, and taffeta for the leaves. Very recently thin plates of bleached whalebone have been used for some portions of the artificial ...

Dyes For Furs

I Brown.Use tincture of logwood. II Red.Use ground brazil wood, 0.5 pound; ...

Dyes For Hats

The hats should be at first strongly galled by boiling a long time in a decoction of galls with a little logwood so that the dye may penetrate into their substance; after which a proper quantity ...

Liquid Dye Colors

These colors, thickened with a little gum, may be used as inks in writing, or as colors to tint maps, foils, ...

Unclassified Dyers' Recipes

To Cleanse Wool Make a hot bath composed of water, 4 parts; and urine, 1 part; ...

Dyes And Dyestuffs

Prominent among natural dyestuffs is the coloring matter obtained from logwood and known as hæmatein. The color-forming substance (or chromogen), hæmatoxylin, exists in the logwood ...

Non-Poisonous Textile and Egg Dyes for Household Use

The preparation of non-poisonous colors for dyeing fabrics and eggs at home constitutes a separate department in ...

Fast Stamping Color

Rub up separately, 20 parts of cupric sulphate and 20 parts of anilic hydrochlorate, then mix carefully together, after adding 10 parts of dextrin. The mixture is next ground with 5 parts of ...

Scarlet Lake

In a vat holding 120 gallons provided with good agitating apparatus, dissolve 8 pounds potash alum in 10 gallons ...

Maroon Lake

Take of a mixture made of: 2/3 Sapan wood..............56 parts 1/3 Lima wood...............56 parts ...

Black Lakes For Wall-Paper Manufacture

Bluish-Black Lake Boil well 220 parts of Domingo logwood in 1,000 parts of water ...

Dyes, Colors, Etc., For Textile Goods

Aniline Black This black is produced by carefully oxidizing aniline hydrochloride. The exact stage of oxidation must be carefully regulated or the product will be a different body (qui-...

To Dye Woolen Yarns, etc., Various Shades of Magenta

To prepare the dye bath dissolve 1 pound of roseine in 15 gallons of water. For a ...

Dyeing Silk Or Cotton Fabrics With Aniline Dyes

Aniline Blue on Cotton Prepare a dye bath by dissolving 1 pound of aniline blue (soluble in ...

Dyeing Silk Or Cotton Fabrics. Continued (with Aniline Dyes)

Soluble Blue, Ball Blue, etc A soluble blue has for many years been readily obtainable in commerce which is similar in appearance to Prussian blue, but, unlike the latter, is freely ...

Eggs

The age of eggs may be approximately judged by taking advantage of the fact that as they grow old their density ...

To Discover the Age of Eggs

The most reliable method of arriving at the age of hens' eggs is that by specific gravity. Make a solution of ...

Weights of Eggs

The following table shows the variation in weight between eggs of the same family of chickens and of the ...

Dried Yolk of Egg

To prepare this, the yolks of eggs, separated from the whites, are thoroughly mixed with J their weight of ...

The Preservation of Eggs

The spoiling of eggs is due to the entrance of air carrying germs through the shells. Normally the shell has a ...

Elaine Substitute

A substitute for elaine for woolen yarns is obtained by boiling 4 pounds carrageen moss in 25 gallons ...

Electroplating and Electro-typing

(See also Plating.) Process Of Electroplating First, clean the articles to be plated. To remove grease, warm the pieces before a slow fire of charcoal or coke, or in a dull red ...

Silvering

For amateurs a bath of 10 parts silver per 1,000 is sufficient. Dissolve 150 parts nitrate of silver, equivalent to 100 parts pure silver, in 10,000 parts of ...

Some Notes On Electrotyping, Plating, And Gilding

The first step in the process is the preparation of the mold. The substance originally used for the ...

Elm Tea

Powdered slippery elm bark....... 2 teaspoonfuls (or the equivalent in whole bar) Boiling ...

Embalming Fluids

Success in the use of any embalming fluid depends largely on manipulation, an important part of ...

Emery

Emery Grinder Shellac, melted together with emery and fixed to a short metal rod, forms the grinder used ...

Emulsifiers

Rosin Soap as an Emulsifier The soap should be made by boiling gently for 2 hours, in an evaporating dish, a mixture of 1,800 grains rosin and 300 caustic ...

Enameling

(See also Ceramics, Glazes, Paints, Waterproofing, ...

Commercial Enameling. Continued

The approximate quantities of each constituent will be given later, but it must always be remembered that no hard-and-fast line can be laid down. Chemicals vary in purity, the furnaces vary in ...

Commercial Enameling. Constituents

Alkalies Of the alkalies which are necessary to produce complete fusion of ...

Commercial Enameling. Constituents. Continued

Lime Lime is in the form of carbonate of calcium when used. ...

Comparison of Hollow Ware and Sign-Tablet Enameling

The enameling for sign tablets is much the same as for hollow ware; the mixings are practically alike, but, as ...

Copper Enameling

On a clean copper surface the enameling process is easy. The foundation ...

From the Sheet to the Sign Tablet

The plates are generally in lengths of 6 feet by 2 feet, 6 feet by 3 feet, etc., the gauge generally being from 14 to 22, according to the size and class of plates to be enameled. These must be ...

From the Sheet to the Sign Tablet. Continued

Stage V The coating of the plate with white is the next stage. The temperature of fusion of the white ...

From the Sheet to the Hollow Ware

In hollow-ware enameling, the iron is received in squares, circles, or oblongs, of the size required for the ware ...

Stoves and Furnaces

Fritting and Fusing.The best results are obtained in enameling when the thoroughly ground and mixed ...

Melting and Melting Furnaces

The arrangement of the melting furnace must be such as to protect the whole of the crucible from chills. The usual pit furnaces, with slight modifications, are suitable for this purpose. The ...

Fusing The Enamel

For fusing the enamel muffle furnaces are used; these furnaces are simple in construction, being ...

Fuel

The consumption of fuel in an enameling factory is the most serious item of the expenditure. Ill-...

Mills

Any hard substances must first be broken up and pounded in a pounding or stamping mill, or in any other ...

Enamel Mixing

All constituents of which an enamel glaze is composed must be intimately mixed together. This can only be done by ...

Defects in the Gray or Ground Coating

Chipping is the most disastrous. This may be prevented by the addition of some bitter salt, say from 3 to 4 per cent of the weight of the frit. The addition of magnesia when it has been ...

Defects in the Glaze or White

A bad white may be due to its being insufficiently opaque. More oxide of tin is required. Cracks may ...

Wasters and Seconds: Repairing Old Articles

In all enameling there must be certain articles turned out which are defective, but the percentage should ...

Enameled Iron Recipes

The first thing is to produce a flux to fuse at a moderate heat, which, by flowing upon the plate, forms a uniform surface for the white or colored enamels to work upon. Flux for ...

Fusible Enamel Colors

The following colors, are fusible by heat, and are all suitable for the decoration of china and glass. In the ...

Preparation Of Enamels

The base of enamel is glass, colored different shades by the addition of metallic oxides mixed and melted with it.<...

Jewelers' Enamels

Melt together: Transparent Red Cassius gold purple, 65 parts, by weight; crystal glass, ...

Various Enamels for Precious Metals: White

Crystal glass, 30 parts, by weight; oxide of tin, 6 parts, by weight; ...

Engraving Spoon Handles

After the first monogram has been engraved, rub it with a mixture of 3 parts of beeswax, 3 of tallow, 1 of Canada balsam, and 1 of ...

Restoration of Old Prints

Old engravings, woodcuts, or printed sheets that have turned yellow may be rendered white by first washing carefully in ...

Preservation of Fruit Juices

The juices of pulpy fruits, when fresh, contain an active principle known as pectin, which is the coagulating substance that forms the basis of fruit jellies. This it is which prevents the juice ...

Prevention of Foaming and Partial Caramelization of Fruit Juices

Fresh fruit juices carry a notable amount of free carbonic acid, which must make its escape on heating the liquid. This will do easily enough if the juice be heated in its natural state, but the ...

Essences And Extracts: Almond Extracts

I. Oil of bitter almonds 90 minims Alcohol. 94 per cent, quantity sufficient to make ...

Apple Syrup

I Peel and remove the cores of, say, 5 parts of apples and cut them into little bits. Put in a suitable vessel and pour over them a mixture of 5 parts each of common white wine and ...

Coffee Extracts

In making coffee extract, care must be used to avoid extracting the bitter properties of the ...

Cucumber Essence

Press the juice from cucumbers, mix with an equal volume of alcohol and distil. If the ...

Soluble Essence of Ginger

II.The following is Harrop's method of proceeding: Fluid extract of ginger (U. S.)..........

Hop Syrup

A palatable preparation not inferior to many of the so-called hop bitters: Hops............... 2 ...

Lemon Essences

I Macerate the cut-up fresh peelings of 40 lemons and 30 China oranges in 8 quarts of ...

Natural Lemon Juice

I Take 4.20 parts of crystallized citric acid; 2 parts essence of lemons; 3 parts of ...

Nutmeg Essence

Oil of nutmeg, 2 drachms; mace, in powder, 1 ounce; alcohol, 95 per cent, deodorized, 32 ...

Orange Extract

Grated peel of 24 oranges; alcohol, 1 quart; water, 1 quart; oil of orange, 4 drachms. ...

Peach Extract

Linalyl formate..... 120 minims Amyl valerianate.... 8 drachms Fluid extract orris. .. 2 ounces Oenanthic ether. ... &...

Raspberry Syrup, without Alcohol or Antiseptics

The majority of producers of fruit juices are firmly convinced that the preservation of these juices without the addition of ...

Deep Red Raspberry Syrup

A much deeper and richer color than that ordinarily attained may be secured by adding to crushed raspberries, before fermentation, small quantities of sugar, sifted over the surface in layers. The ...

Sarsaparilla, Soluble Extract

Pure oil of winter-green.......... 5 fluidrachms Pure oil of sassafras........... 5 fluidrachms Pure oil of anise........ 5 fluidrachms Carbonate of ...

Strawberry Juice

Put into the water bath 1,000 parts of distilled water and 600 parts of sugar and boil, ...

Tea Extract

I Best Souchong tea. 175 parts Cinnamon........ 3 parts Cloves...........

Tonka Extract

Tonka beans........ 1 ounce Magnesium carbonate, quantity sufficient. Balsam of Peru...... 2 ...

Vanilla Extracts

I Vanilla, in fine bits, 250 parts, is put into 1,350 parts of mixture, of 2,500 parts 95 per cent ...

Cheap Vanilla Extracts

X Vanilla beans, chopped fine . . 5 parts Tonka beans, powdered..... 10 parts Sugar, ...

White Pine and Tar Syrup

White pine bark .... 75 parts Wild cherry bark.... 75 parts Spikenard root..... 10 parts Balm of Gilead buds 10 parts Sanguinaria root. ... 8 parts ...

Harmless Colors For Use In Syrups, Etc.

Red Cochineal syrup, prepared as follows: I Cochineal in coarse powder.......... 6 parts Potassium carbonate.............. 3 parts Distilled ...

To Test Fruit Juices and Syrups for Aniline Colors

Add to a sample of the syrup or juice, in a test tube, its own volume of distilled water, ...

Syrups Selected from the Formulary of the Pharmaceutical Society of Antwerp

Dionine Syrup Dionine, 1 part; distilled water, 19 parts; simple syrup, 1,980 ...

General Instructions for Etching

In etching, two factors come into consideration, (1) that which covers that part of the metal not exposed to the etching fluid (the resist), and (2) the etching fluid itself. In the ...

Etching: For Strongly Acid Solutions

I Black pitch, 1 part; Japanese wax, 2 parts; rosin, 1.5 parts; Damar rosin, 1 part, melted together and mixed with turpentine oil, 1 part. II.Heavy black printers' ink, 3 parts; ...

Etching Fluids

The etching fluid is usually poured over the metallic surface, which is enclosed in a border, as described before. If the whole object is to be put into the fluid, it must be entirely covered ...

Relief Etching of Copper, Steel, and Brass

Instead of nitric acid, which has a tendency to lift up the etching-ground, by evolution of gases, it is better to use a mixture of potassium bichromate, 150 parts; ...

Etching Fluid for Zinc

Boil pounded gallnuts, 40 parts, with water, 560 parts, until the whole amounts to 200 ...

Electro-Etching

This differs from ordinary etching in the use of a bath, which does not of itself ...

Etching on Copper

I In order to do regular and quick etching on copper take a copper plate silvered on the ...

Etching Fluids for Copper

I A new etching fluid for copper plate is hydrogen peroxide, to ...

Hydrofluoric Formulas

I Dissolve about 0.72 ounces fluoride of soda with 0.14 ounces ...

Etching Glass by Means of Glue

It is necessary only to cover a piece of ordinary or flint glass with a coat of glue dissolved in ...

Indelible Labels on Bottles

To affix indelible labels on bottles an etching liquid is employed which is produced as ...

Etching on Steel

The print should be heavily inked and powdered with dragon's blood several times. After each powdering heat slightly and additional powder will stick, forming a heavy coating in 2 or 3 operations. ...

Explosives

Explosives may be divided into two great classesmechanical mixtures and chemical compounds. In the ...

Dynamite

Dynamite is ordinarily made up of 75 per cent nitro-glycerine, 25 per cent infusorial earth; dualme contains 80 ...

Smokeless Powder

The base of smokeless powders is nitrated cellulose which has been treated in one of various ways to make it burn slower than ...

Safety in Explosives

Ammoniacal salts have been used in the manufacture of explosives to render them proof against firedamp, but ...

Inflammable Explosive with Chlorate of Potash

Take as an agent promoting combustion, potassium chlorate; as a combustible agent, an oxidized, nitrated, or natural rosin. If, to such a mixture, another body is added in order to render it soft ...

Gun Cotton

For the production of a high-grade gun cotton, it is important that the cotton used should approach as near ...

Soluble Gun Cotton

Soluble gun cotton is made on the same lines, except that greater attention has to be paid to the physical ...

Fulminates

Fulminating Antimony Tartar emetic (dried), 100 ...

Eye Lotions

Black Eye Lotion Black eyes or other temporary discolorations of the skin may be disguised by the application of pink grease paint, ...

Fats

Bear Fat Fresh bears' fat is white and very similar to lard in appearance. The flank fat is softer and more transparent than the kidney fat, and its odor recalls that of fresh bacon. ...

Fatty Acid Fermentation Process

The production of fatty acids from fats and oils by fermentation is growing in importance. These particulars, which ...

Feather Bleaching And Coloring

See also Dyes. Bleaching and Coloring Feathers Feathers, in their natural state, are not ...

Plant Fertilizers

Plants are as sensitive to excessively minute quantities of nutrient substances, such as salts of potassium, in the soil, as they are to minute quantities of poisonous substances. Poisons are said ...

Artificial Fertilizers for Pot Plants

Experiments on vegetation have shown that a plant will thrive when the lacking substances are supplied in a suitable form, e. g., in the following combinations: I Calcium ...

Artificial Fertilizers for Pot Plants. Continued

VII Calcium phosphate......... 4 ounces Potassium nitrate 1 ounce Potassium phosphate......... 1 ounce ...

Preparing Bone for Fertilizer

Bone, in its various forms, is the only one of the insoluble phosphates that is now used directly upon the soil, or without other change than is accomplished by mechanical action or grinding. The ...

Brewers' Yeast and Fertilizers

A mixture is made of about 2 parts of yeast with 1 part of sodium chloride and 5 parts of calcium sulphate, by weight, for use as a manure. Pure or impure yeast, or yeast previously treated for ...

Files

Composition Files These files, which are frequently used by watchmakers and other metal workers for ...

Filters For Water

A filter which possesses the advantages of being easily and cheaply cleaned when dirty, and which frees ...

Alum Process of Water Purification

Water may be filtered and purified by precipitation, by means ...

Fire Extinguishers

I Calcium chloride. 184 parts Magnesium chloride........... 57 parts Sodium chloride.. 13 ...

Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers

The efficacy of these is doubted by good authorities. They should be tested before adoption. I Alum<...

Substitute for Fire Grenades

A common quart bottle filled with a saturated solution of common salt makes a cheap and efficient substitute for the ...

Fireproofing For Textiles

I Up to the present this has generally been accomplished by the use of a combination of water glass or ...

Fireproofing of Wood

Strictly speaking, it is impossible to render wood completely incombustible, but an almost absolute immunity against the attacks of fire can be imparted. Gay-Lussac was one of the first to ...

Fireproofing Wood Pulp

The pulp is introduced into a boiler containing a hot solution of sulphate and phosphate of ammonia and provided ...

Miscellaneous Formulas For Fireproofing

I In coating steel or other furnaces, first brush over the ...

Fish Bait

Oil of rhodium...... 3 parts Oil of cumin......... 2 parts Tincture of musk .... 1 part Mix. Put a drop or two on the bait, or rub trigger of trap with the solution. ...

Fixatives For Crayon Drawings, Etc.

I Shellac....... 40 Parts Sandarac..... 20 by ...

To Fix Pounced Designs

Take beer or milk or alcohol, in which a little bleached shellac has been dissolved, and blow one of these ...

Floor Dressings

(See also Paint, Polishes, Waxes, and Wood.) Oil Stains for Hard Floors ...

Flower Preservatives

I To preserve flowers they should be dipped in melted paraffine, which should be just hot enough to ...

Stuccoed Gypsum Flowers

Take natural flowers, and coat the lower sides of their petals and stamens with paraffine or with a mixture of ...

Fluorescent Liquids

Æsculin gives pale blue by (1) reflected light, straw color by (2) transmitted ...

Fly-Papers and Fly-Poisons

(See also Insecticides.) Sticky Fly-Papers The sticky material applied to the paper is the following: I Boiled ...

Removing the Gum of Sticky Fly-Paper

The gum of sticky fly-paper that has leaked over furniture and shelfware can be removed without causing injury to either furniture or ...

Foam Preparations

A harmless gum cream is the following: I Digest 100 parts of Panama wood for 8 days ...

Food Adulterants, Simple Tests For Their Detection

Abstract of a monograph by W. D. Bigelow and Burton 3. Howard, published by the Department of Agriculture. Generally speaking, the methods of chemical analysis employed in food ...

Food Adulterants: Chemical Reagents

The word reagent is applied to any substance used to effect chemical change in another substance for the purpose of identifying its component parts or determining its percentage ...

Detection of Salicylic Acid

The determination of salicylic acid can best be made with liquids. Solid and semisolid foods, such as jelly, should be dissolved, when soluble, in sufficient ...

Determination of Artificial Colors: Detection of Coal-Tar Dyes

Coloring matters used with foods are usually soluble in water. If the food under ...

Detection of Copper

The presence of copper, often used to deepen the green tint of imported canned peas, beans, spinach, etc., may be detected as follows: Mash some of the sample in a dish with a stiff ...

Detection of Turmeric

In yellow spices, especially mustard and mace, turmeric is often employed. This is especially true of prepared ...

Examination Of Certain Classes Of Foods

Canned Vegetables These are relatively free from adulteration by means of foreign substances. The different grades of products may with care be readily detected by the general appearance ...

Physical Tests Of Certain Classes Of Foods

The difference between the genuine ground coffee and the adulterated article can often be detected by simple ...

Adulterating Butter

Methods are available which, with a little practice, may be employed to distinguish between fresh butter, ...

Adulterating Milk

The oldest and simplest method of adulterating milk is by dilution with ...

Freshness of Edible Oils

With the exception of cottonseed oil, the adulterants ordinarily used with edible oils ...

Freshness of Eggs

There is no better method for the testing of the freshness of an egg than the familiar one of candling, which has long been practiced by dealers. The room is darkened and the egg held ...

Flavoring Extracts

Although a large number of flavoring extracts are on the market, ...

Examination of the Rosin

If pure vanilla extract be evaporated to about one-third its volume the rosins become insoluble and settle to ...

Fruit Products Adulteration

Adulteration of fruit products is practically confined to jellies and jams. Contrary to the general belief, ...

Meat Products Adulteration

As in many other classes of foods, certain questions important in the judgment of meats require practical experience and close observation rather than chemical training. This is especially true ...

Spices Adulteration

Although ground spices are very frequently adulterated, there are few methods that may be used by one who has not had chemical training, and who is not skilled in the use of a compound microscope, ...

Vinegar

A person thoroughly familiar with vinegar can tell much regarding the source of the article from its appearance, ...

Food Colorants

(Most, if not all, of these colorants are injurious and should therefore be used with extreme caution.) Sausage Color To dye sausage red, certain tar dyestuffs are employed, ...

Infant Foods

Infants' (Malted) Food I Powdered malt .... 1 ounce Oatmeal (finest ground)......... 2 ounces Sugar of milk...... 4 ounces Baked flour........ 1 ...

Various Meat Preservatives

(Most of these are considered injurious by the United States Department of Agriculture and should therefore be used with extreme caution.) The Preservation of Meats ...

Meat Preservatives

I. Barmenite Corning Agent: For every 100 parts, by weight, take 25.2 parts, by weight, of saltpeter; 46.8 parts, by weight, sodium chloride; 25.7 parts, by weight, cane sugar; 0.8 parts, ...

Extract of Meat Containing Albumen

In the ordinary production of meat extract, the albumen is more or less lost, partly ...

Foot-Powders and Solutions

The following foot-powders have been recommended as dusting powders: I Boric acid......... 2 ounces Zinc oleate......... 1 ounce Talcum........... 3 ...

Commercial Formaldehyde

This extremely poisonous preservative is obtained by passing the vapors of wood spirit, in the presence of air, ...

Freezing Preventives

Liquid for Cooling Automobile Engines In order to prevent freezing of the jacket ...

Frost Bite

When the skin is as yet unbroken, Hugo Kuhl advises the following: I Carbolized ...

How to Keep Fruit

According to experiments of Max de Nansouty, fruit carefully wrapped in silk paper and then buried in dry sand will preserve a fresh appearance with a fresh odor or flavor, almost indefinitely. ...

Fumigating Candles

I Lime wood charcoal, 6,000 parts, by weight, saturated with water (...

Fumigating Perfumes

These are used for quickly putting down bad odors in the sick room, etc. They are decidedly antiseptic, and fulfil their purpose admirably. I Select good white ...

Fumigating Ribbon

I Take 0.5-inch cotton tape and saturate it with niter; when dry, ...

Furs

To Clean Furs For dark furs, warm a quantity of new bran in a pan, taking care that it does not burn, to ...

Furnace Jacket

A piece of asbestos millboard10 inches by 4 inches by 3/8 inchis perforated in about a dozen or more places with glycerined cork borers, then nicked about an inch from each short ...

Chemical Gardens

See also Sponges. I Put some sand into a fish-globe or other suitable ...

Gelatin

French Gelatin Gelatin is derived from two sources, the parings of skins, hides, etc., and from bones. ...

Artificial Gems

See also Diamonds. The raw materials for the production of artificial gems are the finest silica ...

Glass

Bent Glass This was formerly used for show cases; its use in store fronts is becoming more and more ...

Cutting, Drilling, Grinding And Shaping Glass

To Cut Glass I Glass may be cut without a diamond. Dip a piece of common string in ...

To Grind Glass

For the grinding of glass, iron, or steel laps and fine sand are first used; after that, the sand is replaced by ...

Gilding Glass

When it is desired to gild glass for decorative purposes use a solution of ...

Glass Manufacturing

See also Ceramics. The blue tint of the common poison bottle is got by the addition of black oxide of cobalt to the molten ...

Water-Tight Glass

Water-Tight Glass Roofs Glass roofs, the skeletons of which are constructed of iron, are extremely ...

Pencils For Marking Glass

See also Etching and Frosted Glass. ...

Crayons for Writing on Glass

I The following is a good formula: Spermaceti.......... 4 parts Tallow............. 3 parts Wax............... 2 parts ...

Prevention Of Glass Fogging, Dimming, And Clouding

I Place a few flat glass or porcelain dishes with calcium chloride in each window. This substance ...

Frosted Glass

I A frosted appearance may be given to glass by covering it with a mixture of ...

Hoarfrost Glass

The feathery foams traced by frost on the inside of the windows in cold weather may be imitated as follows: The surface is first ground either by sand-blast or the ...

To Render Window Panes Opaque

I.Panes may be rendered mat and non-transparent by painting them on one side with a liquid prepared by grinding whiting with potash water-...

Frosted Mirrors

I Cover with a solution of Epsom salts in stale beer; apply with a sponge to the mirror, first wiping it clean and dry. On drying, the Epsom salt crystallizes, giving very handsome ...

Crystalline Coatings or Frostwork on Glass or Paper

Dissolve a small quantity of dextrin (gum arabic and tragacanth are not so suitable) in aqueous salt solution as concentrated as possible, for instance, in sulphate of magnesia (bitter salt), ...

Removing Window Frost

Here are fourteen methods of preventing frost on windows, arranged in the order of their efficacy: 1, Flame of an ...

Writing On Glass

See also Etching and Inks. Composition for Writing on Glass To obtain mat designs on ...

Glazes Processes

(See also Ceramics, Enamels, Paints, and Varnishes.) Glazes for Cooking Vessels Melt a ...

Glue Formulas

(Formulas for Glues and methods of manufacturing Glue will be found under Adhesives.) Rendering Glue Insoluble in Water Stuebling finds that the usual mixture of bichromate and ...

Glycerine Formulas

Recovering Glycerine from Soap Boiler's Lye I Glycerine is obtained as a by-product in making soap. For many years the lyes were thrown away as waste, but now considerable ...

Gold Printing on Oilcloth and Imitation Leather

Oilcloth can very easily be gilt if the right degree of heat is observed. After the engraving has been put in the press, the latter is heated slightly, so that it is still possible to lay the palm ...

Liquid Gold

Take an evaporating dish, put into it 880 parts, by weight, of pure gold; then 4,400 parts, by weight, of muriatic acid, and 3,520 parts, by weight, nitric acid; place over a gas flame until the ...

Preparation of Balsam of Sulphur

Take 16 parts oil of turpentine; 2.5 parts spirits of turpentine; 8 parts flour of sulphur. Place all in a chemical pot and heat until it boils; continue the boiling until no sulphur can ...

Treatment of Brittle Gold

I Add to every 100 parts, by weight, 5 to 8 parts, by weight, of cupric chloride and melt until the oily layer which forms has disappeared. Then pour out, and in most cases a perfectly ...

Gold Welding

Gold may be welded together with any metal, if the right methods are employed, but best with copper. Some recipes for welding agents are here given. I Two parts by weight (16 ...

Gold from Acid Coloring Baths

I Different lots are to be poured together and the gold in them recovered. The following method is recommended: Dissolve a handful of phosphate of ...

To Remove Gold from Silver

I Gold is taken from the surface of silver by spreading over it a paste, made of powdered sal ammoniac with aqua fortis and heating it till the matter smokes and is nearly dry, when the ...

Gold Purple

I The solution of stannous chloride necessary for the preparation ...

Gold-Leaf Striping

To secure a good job of gilding depends largely for its beauty upon the sizing. Take tube chrome yellow ground in oil, thin with wearing body varnish, and temper it ready for use with turpentine. ...

White-Gold Plates Without Solder

The gold serving as a background for white-gold is rolled in the desired dimensions and then made perfectly even under a powerful press. It is then carefully treated with a file until a perfectly ...

Formalin Treatment of Seed Grain for Smut

Smut is a parasitic fungus, and springs from a spore (which corresponds to a seed in higher plants). This germinates when the grain is seeded and, penetrating the little grain plant when but a ...

Gravel Walks

For cleaning gravel walks any of the following may be used : I Gas-tar liquor. ...

Gravers

To Prepare Gravers for Bright-Cutting. Set the ...

Grindstones

To Mend Grindstones The mending of defective places in grindstones is best done with a mass ...

Gums Formulas

(See also Adhesives, under Mucilages.) Gums, their Solubility in Alcohol The following table shows the great range of solubility of the various gums, and of various specimens of ...

Gunpowder

See Explosives. Gunpowder Stains A stain produced by the embedding of grains of ...

Gutta-Percha Substitute

I A decoction of birch bark is first prepared, the external bark by preference, being ...

Method of Hardening Gypsum and Rendering it Weather-Proof

Gypsum possesses only a moderate degree of strength even after complete hardening, and ...

Hair For Mounting

The microscopist or amateur, who shaves himself, need never resort to the trouble of embedding and cutting hairs in the microtome in order to secure very thin sections of the hair of the face. If ...

Hair Preparations: Dandruff Cures

The treatment of that condition of the scalp which is productive of dandruff properly falls to the physician, but unfortunately the subject has not been much studied. One cure is said to be a ...

Hair-Curling Liquids

It is impossible to render straight hair curly without the aid of the iron or paper and other curlers. But it is ...

Hair Dressings And Washes: Dressings for the Hair

I Oil of wintergreen . 20 drops Oil of almond, essential.......... 35 drops Oil of rose, ...

Lanolin Hair Wash

Extract 4 parts quillaia bark with 36 parts water for several days, mix the percolate with ...

Hair Dyes

There is no hair dye which produces a durable coloration; the color becomes gradually weaker in the course of time. Here are some typical formulas in which a ...

Brown Hair Dyes

A large excess of ammonia tends to produce a brownish dye. Various shades of brown may be produced by increasing ...

Hair Restorers And Tonics: Falling of the Hair

After the scalp has been thoroughly cleansed by the shampoo, the following formula is to be used: Salicylic acid........ 1 part Precipitate of sulphur. 2.5 parts Rose ...

For Falling Hair

I Hydrochloric acid 75 parts Alcohol.........2,250 parts The ...

Pomade Recipes

I Cinchona Pomade. Ox marrow........ 100 drachms Lard..............&...

Pinaud Eau de Quinine

The composition of this nostrum is not known. Dr. Tsheppe failed to find in it any constituent of ...

Shampoos

A Hair Shampoo is usually a tincture of odorless soft soap. It is mostly perfumed with lavender and ...

Liquid Shampoos

I. Fluid extract of soap-bark .....

Shampoo Pastes

I white castile soap, in shavings .... ...

Egg Shampoo

Whites of......... 2 ...

Dyeing Straw Hats

The plan generally followed is that of coating the hats with a solution of varnish in which a suitable aniline dye has dissolved. The following preparations are in use: I For ...

Headache Remedies

See also Pain Killers. Headache Cologne As a mitigant of headache, cologne ...

Hedge Mustard

Hedge mustard (erysimum) was at one time a popular remedy in France for hoarseness, and is still used in ...

Mounting Herbarium Specimens

A matter of first importance, after drying the herbarium specimens, is to poison them, to prevent the attacks of insects. This is done by brushing them over on both sides, using a camel's-hair ...

Hectograph Inks

(See also Inks) The writing to be copied by means of the hectograph is done on good paper with an aniline ...

Honey

Honey Clarifier For 3,000 parts of fresh honey, take 875 parts of water, 150 parts of washed, dried, and ...

Horn

Artificial Horn To prepare artificial horn from compounds of nitro-cellulose ...

How to Lay Galvanized Iron Roofing

The use of galvanized iron for general roofing work has increased greatly during the past few years. It has ...

Applications for Prickly Heat

Many applications for this extremely annoying form of urticaria have been suggested and their efficacy strongly urged by the various correspondents of the medical press who propose them, but none ...

Cleaning and Polishing Linoleum

Wash the linoleum with a mixture of equal parts of milk and water, wipe dry, and rub in the following mixture ...

Lavatory Deodorant

Sodium bicarbonate.. 5 ounces Alum.............. 5.5 ounces Potassium bromide... 4 ounces ...

Removal of Odors from Wooden Boxes, Chests, Drawers, etc

This is done by varnishing them with a solution of shellac, after the following manner: Make a solution of ...

Stencil Marking Ink that will Wash Out

Triturate together 1 part of fine soot and 2 parts of Prussian blue, with a little glycerine; then add 3 parts of gum arabic and enough glycerine to form a thin paste. Washing ...

To Make Loose Nails in Walls Rigid

As soon as a nail driven in the wall becomes loose and the plastering begins to break, it can be made solid and firm by the following process: Saturate a bit of wadding with thick dextrin or glue; ...

How to Keep Lamp Burners in Order

In the combustion of coal oil a carbonaceous residue is left, which attaches itself very firmly to the metal along the edge of the burner next the flame. This is especially true of round burners, ...

To Remove the Odor from Pasteboard

Draw the pasteboard through a 3 per cent solution of viscose in water. The pasteboard must ...

To Keep Flies Out of a House

Never allow a speck of food to remain uncovered in dining room or pantry any length of time after meals. Never leave remnants of food exposed that you intend for cat or hens. Feed at once or cover ...

An Easy Way to Wash a Heavy Comfortable

Examine the comfortable, and if you find soiled spots soap them and scrub with a small brush. Hang the comfortable on a strong line and turn the hose on. When one side is washed turn and wash the ...

To Do Away with Wiping Dishes

Make a rack by putting a shelf over the kitchen sink, slanting it so that the water will ...

A Convenient Table

Ten common-sized eggs weigh 1 pound. Soft ...

How to Make a Cellar Waterproof

The old wall surface should be roughened and perfectly cleaned before plastering is commenced. It may be advisable to put the first coat on not thicker than 0.25 inch, and after this has set it ...

Removing Old Wall Paper

Some paper hangers remove old paper from walls by first dampening it with water in which a ...

Stained Ceilings

Take unslaked white lime, dilute with alcohol, and paint the spots with it. When the spots ...

To Overcome Odors in Freshly Papered Rooms

After the windows and doors of such rooms have been closed, bring in red-hot coal and strew on this several handfuls of juniper berries. About 12 hours later open all windows and doors, so as to ...

Treatment of Damp Walls

I A good and simple remedy to obviate this evil is caoutchouc glue, which is prepared ...

To Protect Papered Walls from Vermin

It is not infrequent that when the wall paper becomes defective or loose in papered rooms, vermin, bed bugs, ants, etc., will breed behind it. In order to prevent this evil a little colocynth ...

Care of Refrigerators

See that the sides or walls of all refrigerators are occasionally scoured with soap, or soap and slaked ...

Dust Preventers

Against the beneficial effects to be observed in the use of most preparations we must place the following bad effects: The great smoothness and slipperiness of the boards during the first few ...

Hydrometer And Its Use

Fill the tall cylinder or test glass with the spirit to be tested and see that it is of the proper temperature (...

Hygrometers And Hygroscopes

Paper Hygrometers Paper hygrometers are made by saturating white blotting paper ...

Ice

See also Refrigeration. Measuring the Weight of Ice A close estimate of the weight of ice can be ...

Igniting Composition

Eight parts of powdered manganese, 10 parts of amorphous phosphorus, and 5 ...

Inks

BLUEPRINT INKS I For red-writing fluids for blueprints, take a piece of common washing ...

Drawing Inks

Blue Ruling Ink Good vitriol, 4 ounces; indigo, 1 ounce. Pulverize the indigo, add it to the vitriol, and let it stand exposed to the air for 6 days, or until dissolved; then fill the ...

Glass, Celluloid, And Metal Inks

See also Etching. Most inks for glass will also write on celluloid and the metals. The following I and II ...

Ink for Writing on Glazed Cardboard

The following are especially recommended for use on celluloid: I Dissolve 4 drachms of brown ...

Indelible Inks for Glass or Metal

Schobel recommends the following inks for marking articles ...

Perpetual Ink

I Pitch, 3 pounds; melt over the fire, and add of lampblack, | pound; mix well. II Trinidad asphaltum and oil of turpentine, equal parts. Used in a melted state to ...

Gold Ink

I The best gold ink is made by rubbing up gold leaf as thoroughly as possible with a little ...

Indelible Inks

These are also frequently called waterproof, incorrodible, or indestructible inks. They are employed for writing ...

India, China, Or Japan Ink

Ink by these names is based on lampblack, and prepared in various ways. Many makes flow less easily from the pen than other ...

Ink Powders And Lozenges

Any of these powders may, by the addition of mucilage of gum arabic, be made into lozenges or buttonsthe ink buttons or ink stones in use abroad and much affected by ...

LITHOGRAPHIC INKS

These are for writing on lithographic stones or plates: I Mastic (in tears), 8 ounces; ...

II. (Lasteyrie)

Dry tallow soap, mastic (in tears), and common soda (in fine powder), of ...

Marking Or Labeling Inks

Black Marking Inks I Borax........... 60 parts ...

Printing Inks

Black printing inks owe their color to finely divided carbon made from lampblack, pine-wood, rosin oil, etc., ...

Boiling the Linseed Oil

This process, although it goes by the name of boiling, is not so in the proper sense of the word, but a heating having for its object an initial oxidation of the oil, so that it will dry better. ...

Toning Black Inks

Printers' inks consisting solely of purified lampblack and vehicle give, of course, impressions which are pure ...

Inks For Stamp Pads

The ink used on vulcanized rubber stamps should be such that when applied to a suitable pad it remains ...

Inks for Hand Stamps

As an excipient for oily inks, a mixture of castor oil and crude oleic acid, in parts varying according to ...

Color Stamps for Rough Paper

It has hitherto been impossible to get a satisfactory application for printing with rubber stamps on rough ...