There were 47,932,000 serfs in Russia in 1861, as follows: Crown serfs, 22,851,000; appanage, 3,326,000; held by nobles, 21,755,000. The cost of redemption was, in round numbers, about $325,000,000, as follows:

Mortgages remitted................................................................

$152,000,000

Government scrip................................................................

101,000,000

Paid by serfs................................................................................

52,000,000

Balance due................................................................................................

20,000,000

The indemnity to the nobles was $15 per serf. The lands are mortgaged to the state till 1912. The lands ceded to Crown serfs are mortgaged only till 1901. The item of "mortgages remitted" is the amount due by nobles to the Imperial Bank and canceled.