On eightecn-hole courses it is usual to have the flags of different colours for the outgoing and the incoming nine holes, Red going out and white coming in. or rice versa., these colours showing up best against the green. The original idea was to prevent confusion to players, when the outgoing and incoming putting-greens lay near each other; but nowadays, even in cases where there is no risk of confusion, the custom is observed. The best mode of marking the teeing-grounds is by white discs, fastened into the ground with long pins through the centre, one at each end of the tceingground, in a line at right angles to the direction of play. The edges of bunkers get broken down by players walking over them, and the proper cure is to repair them by putting in turfs, laid one on the top of the other. Wood is sometimes used, but it is objectionable in this, that a ball may hit the wood and jump out of the hazard. All large stones, etc., should be taken out of bunkers, as they are not only unfair, but apt to cause injury to clubs. The raking of bunkers is sometimes practised, but it is not a thing I am in favour of. A ball lying on the raked surface will be teed, and may possibly be driven as far as if lying on grass, thus frustrating the very purpose the hazard was intended to accomplish. Moreover, in competitions for example, the first couples get the best of the bunkers, as each succeeding couple, if they get in. walk the sand into holes. On greens where the sand walks solid, the bunkers should be dug up. If the sides arc steep, it. is a good plan to put in a short ladder, or a few steps, to save the edges from being broken down by players clambering up.

For keeping down the grass through the course, nothing can be better than grazing with sheep. Some clubs look for a good revenue from this, but golf and grazing are not compatible. If the ground be kept in trim for golf, there is little grazing to be got, and if the grazing is good, it means that the grass is too long for golf. Grazing by sheep is - irrespective of the rent it produces - the best mode of keeping down superfluous grass, and it has the effect of enriching the ground when poor. Cattle should not be permitted to graze for obvious reasons, and horses cut up the ground. But if the growth of grass is very luxuriant, grazing may not be sufficient, and it may be necessary to resort to cutting the whole green - an expensive proceeding. The golfers should always endeavour to get the grazing into their own hands, so as to be able to regulate the putting on or the taking off of sheep, and the number to be grazed. If there is a separate grazing tenant who is not under the control of the goiters, he may give a good deal of trouble, and cause much annoyance.

Walking over a green improves it very much, and consolidates it. It wears away the rough grass, which is replaced by an after-growth of short turf, and it is much more efficacious than cutting. When a new green is opened, give it plenty of walking over and play to tramp it down, before proceeding to incur expense in the way of cutting.