Appendix B. Tables Of The Strength Of Materials
Description
This section is from the book "Building Construction And Superintendence", by F. E. Kidder. Also available from Amazon: Building Construction And Superintendence.
Appendix B. Tables Of The Strength Of Materials
The following tables and formulae are given for the benefit of those readers who may not have at hand a special work treating of the subject. They are in all cases based upon the formulas and unit strains given in the author's Architects' and Builders* Pocket Book and a portion of the tables are copied direct:
Table I. Properties Of Timber, Stones, Iron And Steel
Weight per cubic foot in pounds. Average. | Weight per foot, B. M. in pounds. Average. | Safe Tensile Strength, lbs. per square inch. | Safe Crushing Strength in pounds per square inch. | Safe Centre Load, lbs. for Beam 1 inch square and 1 foot long.* | Safe Shearing Strength with the - Grain, pounds per square inch. | Safe Crushing Strength across the Grain, pounds per square inch. | ||
Chestnut ...................... | 40 | 3.3 | 1,500 | 530 | 60] | † | .. | • « • • |
Hemlock ........................ | 30 | 2.5 | 1,200 | 450 | 55 | 70 | 200 | |
Oak, white ...................... | 52 | 4.3 | 2,000 | 750 | 75 | 150 | 600 | |
Pine, Georgia yellow. | 43 | 3.6 | 2,000 | 1,000 | 100 | 120 | 500 | |
Pine, Oregon ................... | 36 | 3 | 1,800 | 800 | 90 | 100 | 400 | |
Pine, Norway............... | 36 | 3 | 1,600 | 700 | 70 | 90 | 400 | |
Pine, white Western . | 30 | 2 5 | 1,500 | 625 | 65 | 80 | 200 | |
Redwood .................... | 30 | 2.5 | 800 | 600 | 60 | 70 | 175 | |
Spruce ....................... | 36 | 3 | 1,800 | 700 | 70 | 90 | 250 | |
Whitewood ...................... | 35 | 3 | 1,200 | 500 | 65 | . • | 200 | |
Slate ............................. | 174 | • • • • | • • • • | 40 | . | |||
Bluestone flagging... | • • • | • • ■ • | • • • • | 25 | . • | |||
Granite ........................ | 167 | • • • • | 850 | 18 | . | |||
Limestone (Ind) ................... | 158 | • • • • | 550 | 18 | . . | |||
Marble ................................ | 170 | • • • • | 550 | 18 | • • • • | |||
Sandstone ......................... | 139 | ■ • • • | 45o | 12 | .... | |||
Cast iron ...................... | 450 | 2,600 | 13,500 | 222 | 7,000 | |||
Wrought iron .................... | 480 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 666 | 7,500 | 12,000 | ||
Steel, medium .................... | 490 | 12,500 | 13.000 | 888 | 7,500 | 12,000 | ||
" pins... | • • • | ■ • • • | • • • ■ | • • | 7,500 | 12,000 | ||
" rivets.. | • • • | • • • • | • • • • | • • | 7.500 | 15,000 | ||
* One-eighteenth of the "fibre strain or safe "Modulus of Rupture."
† For full permanent loads, such as brick walls, etc., use only four-fifths of these values.
Table II. Strength Of Round Rods Of Iron And Steel
Diameter in inches. | Not Upset. | Upset. | ||||
Allowed strain per sq. in.* | Allowed strain per sq. in.* | |||||
10,000 lbs. | 12,500 lbs. | 15,000 lbs. | 10,000 lbs. | 12,500 lbs. | 15,000 lbs. | |
½ | 1,256 | 1,570 | 1,884 | I.963 | 2,453 | 2,944 |
5/8 | 1,963 | 2,453 | 2,944 | 3,068 | 3,835 | 4.600 |
¾ | 3,000 | 3,750 | 4,500 | 4,418 | 5,520 | 6,627 |
7/8 | 4,200 | 5,25O | 6,300 | 6,013 | 7,516 | 9,020 |
1 | 5.430 | 6,780 | 8,140 | 7,854 | 9,815 | 11,780 |
1 1/8 | 6,860 | 8,57o | 10,290 | 9.940 | 12,425 | 14.900 |
1 ¼ | 8,850 | 11,060 | 13.270 | 12,270 | 15, 330 | 18,400 |
1 3/8 | 10,700 | 13.370 | 16,050 | 14,840 | 18,550 | 22,260 |
1 ½ | 12,870 | 16,080 | 19,300 | 17,670 | 22,080 | 26,500 |
1 5/8 | 15,000 | 18,750 | 22,500 | 20,730 | 25,910 | 31.090 |
1¾ | 17,600 | 23,000 | 26,400 | 24,050 | 30,060 | 36,070 |
1 7/8 | 20,200 | 25,250 | 30,300 | 27,610 | 34,500 | 41,400 |
2 | 22,800 | 28,500 | 34.200 | 31,420 | 39,270 | 47,130 |
2 1/8 | 26,400 | 33.000 | 39,600 | 35.460 | 44.320 | 53,190 |
2 ¼ | 30,000 | 37,500 | 45,000 | 39,760 | 49,700 | 59.68o |
2 3/8 | 33,500 | 41,870 | 50,250 | 44.300 | 55,370 | 66,450 |
2½ | 37,200 | 46,500 | 55,800 | 49,080 | 61,350 | 73.620 |
2¾ | 46,400 | 58,000 | 69,800 | 59.390 | 74,230 | 89,080 |
3 | 54,000 | 67,500 | 81,000 | 70,680 | 88,350 | 106,000 |
3¼ | 65,000 | 81,250 | 97,500 | 82,950 | 103,690 | 124,400 |
3½ | 75,400 | 94,250 | 113,100 | 96,210 | 120,260 | 144,300 |
3¾ | 85,600 | 107,000 | 128,400 | 110,450 | 138,060 | 165,600 |
4 | 99,000 | 123,750 | 148,500 | 125,660 | 157.ooo | 188,490 |
4¼ | 113,400 | 141,700 | 170,100 | 141,800 | 177,250 | 212,700 |
4½ | 126,000 | 157,500 | 189,000 | 159,000 | 198,750 | 238,500 |
4¾ | 141,800 | 177,250 | 212,700 | 177,200 | 221,500 | 265,800 |
5 | 157,600 | 197,000 | 236,400 | 196,300 | 245.370 | 298,400 |
5¼ | 175,900 | 219,870 | 263,850 | 216,400 | 270,500 | 324,000 |
5½ | 192,600 | 240,750 | 288,900 | 237,500 | 296,800 | 356,000 |
5¾ | 212,300 | 265,370 | 318,400 | 259,600 | 324,500 | 389,000 |
6 | 231,000 | 288,750 | 346,500 | 282,700 | 353.300 | 424,000 |
* For first-class work and material xa.500 lbs. may be allowed for iron and 15,000 lbs. for steel. If the rods are to be welded or are made by an ordinary blacksmith, use 10,000 lbs. for iron and 12,500 lbs. for steel.
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