891. Developing

Developing. Immerse the print, face up, in the developer, being sure that it is quickly and evenly covered by the solution. The time of development should not exceed one minute, and as soon as the image reaches the desired point the print should be dipped in water for a second to remove the greater part of the developer. Then immediately transfer it to the acid fixing bath, where thorough immersion should be secured to prevent stains caused by uneven fixing. Fix for at least fifteen minutes. Longer immersion will do no harm.

892. Acid Fixing Bath

Acid Fixing Bath.

Water...................................

1 gal.

Hyposulphite of Soda..............................

2 lbs.

893. When thoroughly dissolved add 13 ounces of hardening solution prepared as follows:

Water.........................................

20 ozs.

Sulphite of Soda (Desiccated).............................

.2 ozs.

Glacial Acetic Acid............................

.3 ozs.

(Or 12 ozs. of Commercial Acetic Acid.)

Powered Akyn.................................................

.4 ozs.

894. All washing should continue for an hour in running water, or in ten changes of water, permitting prints to remain in each change five minutes. To prevent curling place the prints face down on cheesecloth stretchers. When they have become surface dry (not bone dry) pile them face down and continue drying, under pressure.

895. Sepia Tones On Nepera Paper

Sepia Tones On Nepera Paper. The sepia tones by re-development of Nepera paper can be accomplished with the prepared re-developing solution or may be prepared according to the formula given in Paragraph 848.

896. Practice Work

Practice Work. Nepera products are prepared especially for portrait work and while this paper is made in different grades, it is intended for use with medium strength negatives; which means that the average studiomade negative will yield good prints on it. There are different surfaces of this product, but only two weights - single and double. The heavy, or double weight, is intended to take the place of platinum paper. This grade may be printed with a large margin and delivered unmounted, or may be tacked only at the upper edge and mounted in folders.

897. For first work, we advise using medium rough, single weight. After becoming familiar with the use of the material, double weight will appeal to you for special purposes. Make test prints on each, preserving them and noting all data on the back pertaining to the manipulation, filing these prints for future reference.

Note. - Olive tones can be secured by adding to every 15 ounces of regular developer, 1/2 ounce salt-bromide solution, prepared as follows:

Water...........................

9 ozs.

Bromide of Potassium.................................

1/2 oz.

Salt............................................

1/2 oz.

If more olive is desired add more salt-bromide solution.

The salt-bromide has also a tendency to produce contrast, therefore should be used cautiously, especially when printing from strong negatives.

Royal Nepera. (1909 Supplement)

Royal Nepera is coated on heavy weight stock, and made in two colors - mellow tone and pure white. The mellow, or India tint, paper is specially adapted to sepia tones by re-development. The Royal Pure White is a new product of the Eastman Company, with very commendable new qualities. Chemically, it is everything that can be desired. Its degrees of gradation and contrast are pitched in just the right key to suit the average professional negative. Furthermore, its latitude is such as to provide very good prints from negatives that are above or below the average degree of contrast. As black and white it is beautiful in texture and gradation. When normally exposed and developed it gives a blue black tone.

If a little more olive tone is desired, prepare the following solution:

Bisulphite of Soda............................

..1 oz.

Water...............................

6 ozs.

Use I oz. of this stock solution to every 20 ozs. of the regular developing solution. Give a normal exposure and develop in the usual way.

When the Royal White Nepera Paper is sepia toned by re-development, it preserves an exceeding richness of color. It has the same breadth and softness so much admired in the India tint Royal, but with an added sparkle that the pure white stock gives to the high-lights. Normally, when re-developed, Royal Nepera Pure White will give a tone which may be described as cold sepia. If a warmer print is desired, potassium iodide should be placed in the developer in which the black and white prints are made. The color of the print in the black and white is all important for the re-developing. A blue black print will give a cold sepia tone when re-developed, while a warmer sepia print will be the result if there is any trace of green in the shadows. The yellowish tone is disagreeable, but if iodide is used as suggested above, very pleasing results are secured, particularly if the prints are waxed when dried. The re-developed prints sometimes blister when thrown from the re-developer into the wash water, particularly if the wash water is quite cold. If between re-developing and washing, the prints are put in a hardening bath for five minutes, there should be no blisters. This hardening bath is composed of one part hardener to sixteen ounces of water. Formula for this hardener is given in paragraph 893. Expose the print so that it will require about 40 to 50 seconds to develop.

Royal Nepera is practically a double weight paper, and will lie reasonably flat, even when dried on cheese-cloth stretchers, while if surface dried between blotters and then placed between cardboard, under weight, they will come out flat and stay so. Royal papers are printed and developed the same as the light weight Nepera products.