Electricity For Boys. The How-To-Do-It Books | by J. S. Zerbe
A working guide, in the successive steps of electricity, described in simple terms
| Title | Electricity For Boys. The "How-To-Do-It" Books |
| Author | J. S. Zerbe |
| Publisher | The New York Book Company |
| Year | 1914 |
| Copyright | 1914, The New York Book Company |
| Amazon | Electricity for Boys |
The "How-To-Do-It" Books
Electricity For Boys
With many original illustrations
By J. S. Zerbe, M.E.
Author Of "Carpentry For Boys", "Practical Mechanics For Boys"
The New York Book Company
New York
Copyright, 1914, by The New York Book Company
Introductory- Electricity, like every science, presents two phases to the student, one belonging to a theoretical knowledge, and the other which pertains to the practical application of that knowledge. The boy is d...
- Chapter I. The Study Of Electricity. Historical
- There is no study so profound as electricity. It is a marvel to the scientist as well as to the novice. It is simple in its manifestations, but most complex in its organization and in its ramification...
- The Study Of Electricity. Historical. Continued
- Electro-Magnetic Force From this time on the knowledge of electricity grew with amazing rapidity. Ohm's definition of electro-motive force, current strength and resistance eventuated into Ohm's law...
- Chapter II. What Tools And Apparatus Are Needed
- Preparing The Workshop Before commencing actual experiments we should prepare the workshop and tools. Since we are going into this work as pioneers, we shall have to be dependent upon our own effor...
- What Tools And Apparatus Are Needed. Continued
- Magnet-Winding Reel Some little preparation must be made, so we may be enabled to handle our work by the construction of mechanical aids. Fig. 4. Journal Block. First of these is the mag...
- Chapter III. Magnets, Coils, Armatures, Etc
- The Two Kinds Of Magnet Generally speaking, magnets are of two kinds, namely, permanent and electro-magnetic. Permanent Magnets A permanent magnet is a piece of steel in which an electr...
- Magnets, Coils, Armatures, Etc. Part 2
- What North And South Poles Mean If these two parts are placed close together they will attract each other. But if, on the other hand, one of the pieces is reversed, as in Fig. 7, they will repel ea...
- Magnets, Coils, Armatures, Etc. Part 3
- Peculiarity Of A Magnet One characteristic of a magnet is that, while apparently the magnetic field flows out at one end of the magnet, and moves inwardly at the other end, the power of attraction ...
- Chapter IV. Frictional, Voltaic Or Galvanic, And Electro-Magnetic Electricity
- Three Electrical Sources It has been found that there are three kinds of electricity, or, to be more accurate, there are three ways to generate it. These will now be described. When man first be...
- Voltaic Or Galvanic Electricity
- Voltaic Or Galvanic Electricity The second method of generating electricity is by chemical means, so called, because a liquid is used as one of the agents. Fig. 18. Leyden Jar Galvani, i...
- Voltaic Or Galvanic Electricity. Part 2
- The Common Primary Cell The most common form of primary cell contains sulphuric acid, or a sulphuric acid solution, as the electrolyte, with zinc for the anode, and carbon, instead of copper, for t...
- Electro-Magnetic Electricity
- The third method of generating electricity is by electro-magnets. The value and use of induction will now be seen, and you will be enabled to utilize the lesson concerning magnetic action referred to ...
- Electro-Magnetic Electricity. Part 2
- The Dynamo Fields Two of these spools are so made and they are called the fields of the dynamo. We will next prepare an iron bar (I), 5 inches long and inch thick and 1 inches w...
- Electro-Magnetic Electricity. Part 3
- The Commutator In Fig. 27 is shown, at 10, a wooden cylinder, 1 inch long and 1 inches in diameter, with a hole (11) bored through axially, so that it will fit tightly on the stem (6) of th...
- Chapter V. How To Detect And Measure Electricity
- Measuring Instruments The production of an electric current would not be of much value unless we had some way by which we might detect and measure it. The pound weight, the foot rule and the quart ...
- How To Detect And Measure Electricity. Part 2
- How To Place The Detector If the detector is placed north and south, as shown by the two markings, N and S (Fig. 37), the magnet bar will point north and south, being affected by the earth's magnet...
- How To Detect And Measure Electricity. Part 3
- How To Make A Copper Voltameter The second, or copper voltameter, is shown in Fig. 42. The glass jar (A) contains a solution of copper sulphate, known in commerce as blue vitriol. A pair of copper ...
- Chapter VI. Volts, Amperes, Ohms And Watts
- Understanding Terms We must now try to ascertain the meaning of some of the terms so frequently used in connection with electricity. If you intended to sell or measure produce or goods of any kind,...
- Chapter VII. Push Buttons, Switches, Annunciators, Bells And Like Apparatus
- Simple Switches We have now gone over the simpler or elementary outlines of electrical phenomena, and we may commence to do some of the practical work in the art. We need certain apparatus to make ...
- Push Buttons, Switches, Annunciators, Bells. Part 2
- Push Buttons A push button is but a modified structure of a switch, and they are serviceable because they are operating, or the circuit is formed only while the finger is on the button. F...
- Push Buttons, Switches, Annunciators, Bells. Part 3
- Electric Bell - How Operated The moment a current passes through the magnets (C, C), the core is magnetized, and the result is that the armature (D) is attracted to the magnets, as shown by the dot...
- Push Buttons, Switches, Annunciators, Bells. Part 4
- Burglar Alarm In order to make a burglar alarm connection with a bell, push buttons or switches may be put in circuit to connect with the windows and doors, and by means of the annunciators you may...
- Push Buttons, Switches, Annunciators, Bells. Part 5
- Wiring Up A House The system of wiring up a house so that all doors and windows will be connected to form a burglar alarm outfit, is shown in Fig. 61. It will be understood that, in practice, the b...
- Chapter VIII. Accumulators. Storage Or Secondary Batteries
- Storing Up Electricity In the foregoing chapters we have seen that, originally, electricity was confined in a bottle, called the Leyden jar, from which it was wholly discharged at a single impulse,...
- Accumulators. Storage Or Secondary Batteries. Continued
- The Negative Plate The negative plate is filled, in like manner, with precipitated lead. This lead is made by putting a strip of zinc into a standard solution of acetate of lead, and crystals will ...
- Chapter IX. The Telegraph
- The telegraph is a very simple instrument. The key is nothing more or less than a switch which turns the current on and off alternately. The signals sent over the wires are simply the audible sound...
- The Telegraph. Continued
- Connecting Up The Key And Sounder Having made these two instruments, we must next connect them up in the circuit, or circuits, formed for them, as there must be a battery, a key, and a sounder at e...
- Chapter X. High Tension Apparatus, Condensers, Etc
- Induction One of the most remarkable things in electricity is the action of induction - that property of an electric current which enables it to pass from one conductor to another conductor through...
- High Tension Apparatus, Condensers, Etc. Continued
- Connecting Up A Condenser When completed, one end of the condenser is connected up with one terminal of the secondary coil, and the other end of the condenser with the other secondary terminal. ...
- Chapter XI. Wireless Telegraphy
- Telegraphing Without Wires Wireless telegraphy is an outgrowth of the ordinary telegraph system. When Maxwell, and, later on, Hertz, discovered that electricity, magnetism, and light were transmitt...
- Chapter XII. The Telephone
- Vibrations Every manifestation in nature is by way of vibration. The beating of the heart, the action of the legs in walking, the winking of the eyelid; the impulses from the sun, which we call lig...
- The Telephone. Part 2
- The Diaphragm In A Magnetic Field If, now, we put a diaphragm (A) in this magnetic field, close up to the end of the magnet, but not so close as to touch it, and then push it in and out, or talk in...
- The Telephone. Part 3
- Telephone Connections The simplest form of telephone connection is shown in Fig. 83. This has merely the two telephones (A and B), with a single battery (C) to supply electricity for both. One line...
- The Telephone. Part 4
- Light Contact Points In 1877 Professor Hughes discovered, accidentally, that a light contact point in an electric circuit augmented the sound in a telephone circuit. If, for instance, a light pin, ...
- Chapter XIII. Electrolysis, Water Purification, Electroplating
- Decomposing Liquids During the earlier experiments in the field of electricity, after the battery or cell was discovered, it was noted that when a current was formed in the cell, the electrolyte wa...
- Electrolysis, Water Purification, Electroplating. Part 2
- Composition Of Water Now, water, in which harmful germs live, is one-third oxygen. Nevertheless, the germs thrive in water, because the oxygen is in a compound state, and, therefore, not an active ...
- Electrolysis, Water Purification, Electroplating. Part 3
- Electric Hand Purifier An interesting and serviceable little purifier may be made by any boy with the simplest tools, by cutting out three pieces of sheet aluminum. Hard rolled is best for the purp...
- Electrolysis, Water Purification, Electroplating. Part 4
- Electroplating The next feature to be considered in electrolysis is a most interesting and useful one, because a cheap or inferior metal may be coated by a more expensive metal. Silver and nickel p...
- Chapter XIV. Electric Heating, Thermo Electricity
- Generating Heat In A Wire When a current of electricity passes through a conductor, like a wire, more or less heat is developed in the conductor. This heat may be so small that it cannot be measure...
- Electric Heating, Thermo Electricity. Part 2
- A Simple Electric Heater In Fig. 96 the illustration shows a cup or holder (A) for the wire, made of hard rubber. This may be of such diameter as to fit upon and form the cover for a glass (B). The...
- Electric Heating, Thermo Electricity. Part 3
- Thermo Electricity It has long been the dream of scientists to convert heat directly into electricity. The present practice is to use a boiler to generate steam, an engine to provide the motion, an...
- Chapter XV. Alternating Currents, Choking Coils, Transformers, Converters And Rectifiers
- Direct Current When a current of electricity is generated by a cell, it is assumed to move along the wire in one direction, in a steady, continuous flow, and is called a direct current. This direct...
- Alternating Currents, Choking Coils, Transformers, Converters And Rectifiers. Part 2
- Current Reversing Itself When the loop reaches its lowest point (Fig. 106) it again comes within the magnetic field and the current commences to flow back to its original direction, as shown by dar...
- Alternating Currents. Part 3
- Alternating Positive And Negative Poles The alternating current, owing to this surging movement, makes the poles alternately positive and negative. To express this more clearly, supposing we take a...
- Choking Coil
- The self-induction in a current of this kind is utilized in transmitting electricity to great distances. Wires offer resistance, or they impede the flow of a current, as hereinbefore stated, so that i...
- The Transformer
- It is more economical to transmit 10,000 volts a long distance than 1,000 volts, because the lower the pressure, or the voltage, the larger must be the conductor to avoid loss. It is for this reason t...
- Chapter XVI. Electric Lighting
- The most important step in the electric field, after the dynamo had been brought to a fairly workable condition, was its utilization to make light. It was long known prior to the discovery of practica...
- Electric Lighting. Part 2
- The Incandescent System This method is entirely different from the arc system. It has been stated that certain metals conduct electricity with greater facility than others, and some have higher res...
- Electric Lighting. Part 3
- Vapor Lamps One of the directions in which considerable energy has been directed in the past, was to produce light from vapors. The Cooper Hewitt mercury vapor lamp is a tube filled with the vapor ...
- Chapter XVII. Power, And Various Other Electrical Manifestations
- It would be difficult to mention any direction in human activity where electricity does not serve as an agent in some form or manner. Man has learned that the Creator gave this great power into the ha...
- Power, And Various Other Electrical Manifestations. Continued
- Transmission of Energy One of the great problems has been the transmission of the current to great distances. By using a high voltage it may be sent hundreds of miles, but to use a current of that ...
- Chapter XVIII. X-Ray, Radium, And The Like
- The camera sees things invisible to the human eye. Its most effective work is done with beams which are beyond human perception. The photographer uses the Actinic rays. Ordinary light is composed of t...
- Electricity Glossary
- Acid Accumulator material is sulphuric acid, diluted with water. Active Material That part of the material in accumulator plates which is acted upon by the electric current. ...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 2
- Automatic Cut-out A device which acts through the operation of the mechanism with which it is connected. It is usually applied to a device which cuts out a current when it overcharges or overloads ...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 3
- Circuit, External A current flows through a wire or conductor, and also along the air outside of the conductor, the latter being the external circuit. Circuit Indicator An instrument, ...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 4
- Current, Alternating A natural current produced by the action of electro-magnets. It is a succession of short impulses in opposite directions. Current, Constant A current which is unif...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 5
- Elasticity That property of any matter which, after a stress, will cause the substance to return to its original form or condition. Electricity has elasticity, which is utilized in condensers, as a...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 6
- Galvanizing The art of coating one metal with another, such, for instance, as immersing iron in molten zinc. Galvanometry An instrument having a permanently magnetized needle, which is...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 7
- Kathode, or Cathode The negative plate or side of a battery. The plate on which the electro deposit is made. Key The arm of a telegraph sounder. A bar with a finger piece, which is hin...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 8
- Motor-dynamo A motor and a dynamo having their armatures connected together, whereby the motor is driven by the dynamo, so as to change the current into a different voltage and amperage. ...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 9
- Potential Energy That form of force, which, when liberated, does or performs work. Power Unit The volt-amperes or watt. Primary The induction coil in induction machines, o...
- Electricity Glossary. Part 10
- Snap Switch A switch so arranged that it will quickly make a break. Sounder The apparatus at one end of a line actuated by a key at the other end of the line. Spark Coil A...
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