101. Carex Umbellata Schk. Umbel-Like Sedge

Fig. 968

Carex umbellata Schk.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 290. 1805. Carex umbellata var. vicina Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 11: 317. pi. D. f. 13. 1826.

Rather light green, closely tufted and matted, strongly fibrillose at base, stoloniferous, culms phyllo-podic, filiform, 1'-6' long. Leaves 1/2"-1 1/2" wide, slender, ascending, usually much exceeding the culm, sometimes 1° long; staminate spike solitary, terminal, 1/2 or less long, commonly conspicuous; pistillate spikes 1-3, all filiform-stalked from the basal sheaths or 1 or 2 of them sessile or very nearly so at the base of the staminate, oblong, 6-20-flowered, 2"-6" long; perigynia usually less than 2' long; body oblong-orbicular, stipitate, finely pubescent, pale, obtusely 3-angled, 3/4"-1 1/2" long, tipped with a subulate 2-toothed beak of nearly its length; scales ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or short-awned, the lower partly hiding the perigynia; stigmas 3.

Dry soil, Nova Scotia to Michigan and Pennsylvania. May-July.

Carex abdita Bicknell, with short-beaked perigynia, seems to be distinct. It ranges from Quebec to New York, Saskatchewan and Oklahoma.

102. Carex Tonsa (Fernald) Bicknell. Deep-Green Sedge

Fig. 969

C. umbellata var. tonsa Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37:

507. 1902. C. tonsa Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 35: 492. 1908.

Deep green, closely tufted and matted, strongly fibrillose at base, stoloniferous, culms phyllo-podic, filiform, 1-4' long. Leaves 1"-2' wide, stiff, spreading in age, usually much exceeding the culm but rarely more than 8' long; staminate spike solitary, terminal, i' or less long, commonly conspicuous; pistillate spikes 1-3, all filiform-stalked from the basal sheaths or 1 or 2 of them sessile or very nearly so at the base of the staminate, oblong, 6-12-flowered, 2"-4" long; perigynia 2" long or more, the body oblong-orbicular, stipitate, glabrous, except beak of perigynia which is very sparsely hairy, pale, obtusely 3-angled, about 1" long, tipped with a subulate 2-toothed beak of its own length; scales ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or short-awned, the lower exceeding the perigynia; stigmas 3.

Dry soil, chiefly near the coast, Maine to New York and New Jersey. May-June.

103. Carex Hirtifolia Mackenzie. Pubescent Sedge

Fig. 970

Carex pubescens Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 281. 1805.

Not Poir. 1789, nor Gilib. 1792. C. hirtifolia Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Club 37: 244. 1910.

Pubescent all over, bright green, but reddened at base, stoloniferous, culms aphyllopodic, weak, 1°-2° long. Leaves flat, soft, elongated, usually shorter than culm, 1 1/2"- 3 1/2" wide; lower bracts I'-3' long, occasionally overtopping the spikes, little if at all sheathing; staminate spike sessile or nearly so, sometimes with pistillate flowers at its base; pistillate spikes 2-4, ob-long-cylindric, rather loosely flowered, erect, 3 -10" long, 2"-2i" thick, the upper sessile, the lower separated and short-stalked; perigynia sharply 3-angled, obovoid, narrowed to a stipe-like base, densely pubescent, and, including the subulate straight minutely 2-toothed beak, about 2" long; scales obovate, truncate, scarious-margined, rough-awned or cuspidate, about as long as the perigynia.

In woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to North Dakota, New Jersey, Kentucky and Kansas. May-Aug.