221. Carex Rotundata Wahl. Round-Fruited Sedge

Fig. 1088

C. rotundata Wahl. Vet.-Acad. Handl. 24: 153. 1803.

Culms slender but stiff, obtusely triangular, smooth below inflorescence, not filamentose at base, 6'-1 1/2° tall, caespitose but stoloniferous. Leaves 1 1/2" wide or less, strongly involute, usually exceeding the culm, not strongly nodulose, somewhat roughened towards apex, the lowest bract short, strongly exceeded by culm, usually widely divergent; staminate spikes 1-2, short-stalked; pistillate spikes 1-2, ascending, oblong, 5"-9" long, 4"-5" wide, sessile or very short-stalked; perigynia squarrose-spreading, dark-tinged, obsoletely nerved, broadly ovoid, inflated, 2-3" long, abruptly contracted into a short minutely 2-toothed beak; scales ovate, acute, narrower and shorter than perigynia, dark-tinged; stigmas 3.

Arctic America and Greenland. Also in northern Europe and Asia. July-Aug.

222. Carex Membranopacta Bailey. Fragile Sedge

Fig. 1089

Carex compacta R. Br. in Ross' Voy. App. cxliii. 1819.

Not Krock. 1814. Carex membranacea Hook. Parry's 2d Voy. App. 406.

1825. Not Hoppe. C. membranopacta Bailey, Bull. Torn Club 20: 428. 1893.

Similar to the last, short-stoloniferous, the culms caespitose, 6'-18' high. Leaves flat, not exceeding the culm, 1 1/2"-2 1/4" wide, the margin revolute; bracts short, the lower commonly longer than its spike, the upper subulate; staminate spikes 1-3, short-stalked; pistillate spikes 1-3 (commonly 2), sessile or the lower short-peduncled, approximate, narrowly oblong, densely 25-75-flowered, 6"-15" long, 4" in diameter; perigynia spreading, dark-tinged, broadly oval to obovoid, fragile, much inflated, about 2" long and 1" wide, tipped with a short minutely bidentate beak, little-nerved, rather longer than the ovate-oblong, brownish, hyaline-margined scales; stigmas usually 3.

Greenland and north Labrador to Alaska. Summer.

223. Carex Rostrata Stokes. Beaked Sedge

Fig. 1090

C. utriculata Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1840. C. rostrata Stokes; With. Arrang. Brit. PI. 2: 1059. 1787.

Glabrous, culms stout, erect, 1°-4° tall, thick at base, generally obtusely angled and smooth above. Leaves elongated, strongly nodulose, the upper mostly exceeding the culm, 1"-6" wide, the midvein prominent; bracts overtopping the culm; staminate spikes 2-4, linear, stalked, the lower occasionally pistillate at the top and usually subtended by a very slender bract; pistillate spikes mostly 2 to 4, nearly erect, cylindric, densely many-flowered, the perigynia in many rows, or sometimes looser near the base, 2'-6' long, 3"-10" thick, the lower short-stalked, the upper sessile, sometimes staminate at the summit; perigynia spreading when old, ovoid, light green, somewhat inflated, few-nerved, 2"-4" long, abruptly contracted into a short 2-toothed beak; scales lanceolate, the lower awned and slightly longer than the perigynia, the upper acute; stigmas 3.

Marshes, Labrador to British Columbia, Delaware, Ohio and California. Also in Europe and Asia. June-Sept.