2. Chaetochloa Glauca (L.) Scribn. Yellow Foxtail. Pigeon-Grass

Fig. 391

Panicum glaucum L. Sp. PI. 56. 1753-Setaria glauca Beauv. Agrost. 51. 1812. Chamaeraphis glauca Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 767. 1891. Ixophorus glaucus Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 423. 1895. Chaetochloa glauca Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 4: 39. 1897.

Culms erect or sometimes decumbent, 1°-4° tall, more or less branched. Sheaths glabrous; blades 2'-6' long, 2"-4" wide; spikes 1'-4' long; spikelets 1 1/4"-1 1/2" long, oval, much shorter than the upwardly barbed yellowish brown bristles; first scale 1-3-nerved, somewhat shorter than the 5-nerved second one; third scale 5-nerved, equalling the fourth which is coarsely transversely rugose, very convex, V-shaped in cross-section, about twice as long as the second; palet of third scale usually empty.

In waste places and cultivated grounds, throughout North America except the extreme north. Often a troublesome weed. Naturalized from Europe. Yellow or Glaucous Bristly Foxtail. July-Sept.

3. Chaetochloa Imberbis (Poir.) Scribn. Perennial Foxtail-Grass

Fig. 392

Panicum imberbe Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 272.

1816. C. imberbis Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 4: 39.

1897. C. versicolor Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 25: 105. 1898. C. occidentalis Nash, in Britt. Man. 90. 1901.

Culms single or somewhat tufted, from a branching rootstock, 1°-3° tall; leaf-sheaths glabrous, compressed, keeled; blades up to 1° long and 4" wide, glabrous, or nearly so; inflorescence 1'-3' long, 7"-10" wide, the bristles 4"-6" long; spikelets 1 1/4"-1 1/2" long, the first scale about i as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved, the second scale 3-5-nerved, the third scale 5-nerved, the fourth scale strongly transverse-rugose, elliptic, often purple-tipped.

In moist or saline soil, Massachusetts to Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. Also in tropical America, and in the Bahamas.

4. Chaetochloa Viridis (L.) Scribn. Green Foxtail-Grass

Fig. 393

Panicum viride L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 83. 1762.

Sctaria viridis Beauv. Agrost. 51. 1812.

Chamaeraphis viridis Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, 20: 196.

1893. Ixophorus viridis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 423. 1895. Chaetochloa viridis Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost.

4: 39. 1897.

Culms erect or ascending, 1°-3° tall, simple or branched. Sheaths glabrous; blades 3'-10' long, 2"-6" wide, usually scabrous above; spikes 1'-4' long; spikelets about 1" long, elliptic, much shorter than the green or sometimes yellowish, upwardly barbed bristles; first scale less than one-half as long as the spikelet, 1-3-nerved; second and third scales 5-nerved; fourth scale finely and faintly transversely rugose, or pitted, striate, only moderately convex, equalling or slightly exceeding the second; palet of third scale usually empty.

In waste places and cultivated grounds, throughout North America except the extreme north, and often a troublesome weed. Naturalized from Europe. Green Bottle-grass, Wild Millet, Pigeon-grass. July-Sept.

5. Chaetochloa Italica (L.) Scribn. Italian Millet. Hungarian Grass

Fig. 394

Panicum italicum L. Sp. PI. 56. 1753. Setaria italica R. & S. Syst. 2: 493. 1817. Cliamaeraphis italica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 768. 1891. Ixophorus italicus Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 423. 1895. C. italica Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 4: 39. 1897.

Culms erect, 2°-5° tall. Sheaths smooth or scabrous; blades 6'-1° or more in length, 1/4'-1 1/2' wide, generally scabrous; spikes 4'-9' long, 1/2'-2' thick, usually very compound; spjkelets about 1 1/2' long, elliptic, equalled or exceeded by the upwardly barbed generally purplish bristles; first scale less than one-half as long as the spikelet, 1-3-nerved; second and third 5-7-nerved; fourth scale equalling or somewhat exceeding the second, finely and faintly transverse-rugose, or pitted, striate, only moderately convex; palet of third scale minute or wanting.

In waste places, escaped from cultivation, Quebec to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas. Native of the Old World. German or hungarian millet. Golden or cat-tail millet. July-Sept.

6. Chaetochloa Magna (Griseb.) Scribn. Giant Foxtail-Grass

Fig. 395

Setaria magna Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. I. 554. 1864.

C. magna Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Agrost. 4: 39. 1897.

Culms 4°-16° tall, stout; sheaths densely hirsute on the margins, otherwise glabrous; blades up to 3º long, 1'-2' wide, very rough on both surfaces; panicles 8'-2° long, i'-2 1/2' thick, nodding above; spikelets 1" long, the first scale about 1/2 as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved, the second scale as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, the fourth scale oval, very acute, smooth and shining.

In swamps, Delaware and Virginia to Florida and Texas; also in Cuba. July and Aug.