1.   Effleurage.

2.   Friction with fingers..

3.   Pétrissage with heel of hand.

4.   Effleurage.

It is not necessary that all these movements should be used at one time. In general massage it would be impossible, if sufficient time were given to each. Those most suited to the case in hand must be selected.

In very ticklish subjects squeezing and rolling movements are to be preferred at first till the skin gets accustomed to the' treatment.

Passive Movements.—1. Flexion : one hand is placed under the thigh, while the other supports the leg at the ankle or foot ; the thigh is raised to a right angle with the body, the hand is slipped from underneath and placed on top of the knee, and the thigh is bent on the abdomen. The hand is replaced under the thigh to extend the limb.

2.   Abduction : the extended limb, held by the ankle, is carried outwards.

3.   Adduction : it is carried inwards.

4.   Circumduction : the same as the shoulder.

5.   Rotation : the thigh is brought to a right angle with the body ; one hand supports the leg ; the other, grasping the thigh about the middle, makes the same twisting movement as in. rotation of the arm.

6.   Elevation : the whole limb is extended and raised upright.

Resistive Movements.—In flexion resistance is given with the hand above the knee ; in extension on the ankle or foot ; in abduction on the outside of the limb ; in adduction on the inside.