This section is from the book "Laboratory Manual Of Pharmacology", by A. D. Bush. Also available from Amazon: Laboratory manual of pharmacology.
1. To a frog administer by anterior lymph sac 0.010 Gm. Atropine Sulphate. Observe respiration and reflexes in comparison with a frog of equal weight and condition similarly drugged one hour previously.
2. Expose the heart of a pithed frog. Secure a normal cardiac tracing, one as affected by weak stimulation of the vagus, and another as affected by stimulation of the sinus venosus. Apply Atropine Sulphate solution, 0.1%, continuing the record. After a few minutes, apply the weak current as before, noting any variation from the preceding graph. How may these variations be explained?
3. Take two cats of equal weight and condition. Obtain their heart-rates and respirations, and note the size and condition of their pupils. To each administer 0.04 mg. x kg. Atropine Sulphate giving it by stomach to one, and hypodermically to the other. Make careful comparative observations for 2 to 3 hours.
4. Etherize a cat, arrange connections for registering circulatory and respiratory phenomena. Secure ether norms, and records resulting from stimulating vagus with minimal induced electric currents. Into jugular vein slowly inject 0.05 mg. x kg. Atropine Sulphate, making continuous tracings in the meanwhile. When a pronounced effect is apparent, again stimulate the vagi with the same strength current as before. What results?
Continue injection of Atropine Solution until death ensues, noting all important phenomena.
5. On two students of similar weight and condition secure normals of pulse-rate, respiration, blood-pressure, temperature, and pupil. To one administer 0.8 mg. Atropine Sulphate in solution by mouth; to the other, 1 mil Tincture Belladonna (=0.3 mg. total alkaloids). Make comparative observations of all systems for the next two hours.
6. Take 2 rabbits of equal weight and condition. Hypodermically administer to one 2 mg. x kg. Atropine Sulphate, to the other give 1.5 mg. x kg. Hyoscine (Scopolamine) Hydrobromide. Make critical comparison for the next 2 hours.
7. Try out a similar experiment on 2 students of approximate weight and condition, using 0.5 mg. (per total weight) Atropine Sulphate, and 0.8 mg. Hyoscine Hydrobromide.
8. In the hospital assignment endeavor to ascertain any reactions, in various illnesses, reasonably due to the administration of Atropine.
9. In a brief resume summarize the evidences you have observed concerning the pharmacodynamics of Atropine. Cite from recent literature at least four studies of this drug; these may either seem to confirm or question your findings.
Frog No. 1 | Frog No. 2 | |||||
Now | 30 min. | 60 min. | Now | 30 min. | 60 min. | |
Excitability | ||||||
Cutan. sensibility |
Examine both these frogs daily for one week. Respiration curve followed during laboratory period.
I 5 10 15 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 5 10 15 20 25 SO
"Normal" | Vagus Stim. | Crescent Stim. | |
Pithed frog | |||
Atropine frog |
Pupil changes | N. | 15' | 30' | 45' | 60' | 10' | 20' | 30' | 40' | 50' | 60' |
Cat No. 1 | |||||||||||
Cat No. 2 |
Graphs:
Subject's initials or No..................................................................... Date........................................................................................_.
Age.................Sex................Height.................Weight.................... Medicine..................................................................................
Condition.................................................................................................... Dose........................................................................................_
Thermometer............................................................................................ How administered............................................................
Barometer................................................................................................... Remarks.................................................................................
Relative humidity................................................................................... Reporter..................................................................................
Experiment No. 5 (continued). What subjective symptoms are elicited?__________________________________
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N. | 15' | 30' | 45' | 60' | 15' | 30' | 45' | ||||||||
H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A | H. | A. | H. | A. | ||
Respiration | |||||||||||||||
Heart-rate | |||||||||||||||
Mental state | |||||||||||||||
Pupil | |||||||||||||||
Reflex excitability Light | |||||||||||||||
Sound | |||||||||||||||
Air currents | |||||||||||||||
Induced shocks (standard) |
N. | 15' | 30' | 45' | 60' | 15' | 30' | 45' | ||||||||
H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | H. | A. | ||
Respiration | |||||||||||||||
Pulse-rate | |||||||||||||||
Blood-pressure | |||||||||||||||
Temperature | |||||||||||||||
Mental state | |||||||||||||||
Pupil | |||||||||||||||
Tact. discrimination (forearm) | |||||||||||||||
Light reflex | |||||||||||||||
Sound reflex (Galton whis.) | |||||||||||||||
Air currents | |||||||||||||||
Induced shocks (constant) | |||||||||||||||
Mucosa |
Briefly summarize your findings at the hospital:
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