This section is from the book "Laboratory Manual Of Pharmacology", by A. D. Bush. Also available from Amazon: Laboratory manual of pharmacology.
1. Select 3 frogs of equal weight and condition. By anterior lymph sac administer the following amounts of a 2% solution of Chloral Hydrate: 0.5 mil to frog No. 1, 1 mil to frog No. 2, 1.5 mil to frog No. 3. Keep the frogs moist, and record all variations observed, with their comparative times. Note symptoms the next day.
2. Pith a frog of fair size. Administer by thigh lymph sac 0.5 mil 10% solution Chloral Hydrate. Expose heart, connect with recording lever, and take continuous record on a slow drum, keeping heart moist with normal saline. Once every 5 minutes record a single contraction wave on a fast drum. Make comparative studies of your findings.
3. Take two cats of equal weight and condition. Secure normals of pulse and respiration. To one administer by mouth 3.5 mils 10% sol. Chloral Hydrate; to the other give the same dose plus 0.12 Gm. Caffeine. Keeping the cats quiet and contented, watch the changes produced in the next 2 hours.
4. Etherize a cat; adjust apparatus for recording respiration and circulation; take temperature records also. To jugular vein attach a burette containing 0.5 Gm. x kg. Chloral Hydrate in Locke's solution at 390 C. Obtain "normals"; stop ether, and then allow solution to run from burette at the rate of 1 mg. every 3 seconds. What evidences appear?
5. Let two students who room in the same neighborhood study the effect of Chloral Hydrate on man. Having secured the usual normals, let the subject take 1 Gm. Chloral, and let the observer carefully note ensuing phenomena, keeping track of the usual notations, including reflexes, onset of drowsiness, depth and character of sleep, and its duration.
6. In the hospital assignment, endeavor to ascertain if the presence in the body of disease toxins necessitates a larger or smaller dose of Chloral for the securing of a desired effect.
7. From the literature tabulate the advantages and disadvantages as a soporific of Chloral Hydrate and some of its congeners.
Frog No. 1, 10 mg. | Frog No. 2, 20 mg. | Frog No. 3, 30 mg. | ||||||||||
N. | 20' | 40' | 60' | N. | 20' | 40' | 60' | N. | 20' | 40' | 60' | |
Respiration | ||||||||||||
Touch reflex | ||||||||||||
Position reflex | ||||||||||||
Narcotism | ||||||||||||
Condition next day |
Experiment No. 3.
Cat A, (red ink curve 0.35 Gm. x kg. Chloral.
Cat B, (blue ink curve) 0.35 Gm. x kg. Chloral + Caffeine 0.12 Gm.
Indicate extent of soporific effect on ordinates every half hour.
Experiment No. 4 (continued.) Kymograph records:
Experiment No. 5. Chloral Hydrate, 1 Gm., administered to man:
N. | 30' | 60' | 90' | 2 h. | 3 h. | 4 h. | 8 h. | 9 h. | |
Respiration: rate | |||||||||
Respiration: quality | |||||||||
Pulse: rate | |||||||||
Pulse: quality | |||||||||
Blood-pressure (omit when asleep) | |||||||||
Temperature (axillary) | |||||||||
Plantar reflex (tickling) | |||||||||
Drowsiness | |||||||||
Sleep | |||||||||
Quality of sleep |
This experiment should be checked by repeating all the observations when no drug has been given, commencing at the usual bed-time.
Case I | Before | After drug has been given. | ||||||||||
Ob. 1 | Ob. 2 | 20' | 40' | 60' | 1.5h | 2h | 4h | Awak. | ||||
Illness........................................... | Duration | Condition | Respiration | |||||||||
Pulse | ||||||||||||
Temp. (axill.) | ||||||||||||
Drowsiness | ||||||||||||
Sleep | ||||||||||||
Case II | Respiration | |||||||||||
Illness | Duration | Condition | Pulse | |||||||||
Temperature | ||||||||||||
Drowsiness | ||||||||||||
Sleep | ||||||||||||
Case III | Respiration | |||||||||||
Illness..................................... | Duration | Condition | Pulse | |||||||||
Temperature | ||||||||||||
Drowsiness | ||||||||||||
Sleep |
Advantages | Disadvantages | |
Chloral | ||
Paraldehyde | ||
Sulphonethyl-methane | ||
Sulphonmethane |
 
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