This section is from the book "A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology", by David M. R. Culbreth. Also available from Amazon: Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology.
of phenolphthalein T. S.; contains 98 p. c. of pure salt. Tests: 1. Heat to 150° C. (302° F.) - loses all water of crystallization; ignite at red heat - carbonizes, emitting inflammable gases of pungent, acrid odor; residue - alkaline, strongly effervescing with acids. 2. Aqueous solution (1 in 20) and calcium chloride T. S., each 10 Ml. (Cc.) - liquid clear until boiled, then have a white, granular precipitate. Impurities: Heavy metals, arsenic. Should be kept in well-closed containers. Dose, diuretic, antilithic, gr. 10-45 (.6-3 Gm.); mild laxative, ℥ss-l (15-30 Gm.).
Preparations. - (Unoff.): Liquor Sodii Citratis, citric acid 2 p. c,. + sodium bicarbonate 2, dist. water 100. Liquor Sodii Citro-Tartratis Effervescens, sodium bicarbonate 26 Gm., tartaric acid 24, citric acid 2, syrup of citric acid 50, dist. water q. s. 350.
Properties and Uses. - Similar to but weaker than potassium citrate.
Sodii Benzoas, Sodium Benzoate, NaC7H5O2; if in crystals, NaC7-H5O2,H2O. - (Syn., Sod. Benz., Benzoas Sodicus; Fr. Benzoate de Soude; Ger. Benzoesaures Natron, Natriumbenzoat.)
Manufacture: Add sodium bicarbonate (7) to benzoic acid (10) suspended in hot water (20), after carbon dioxide evolved neutralize liquid, evaporate filtrate, frequently stirring (13.5) - Na2CO3 + 2HC7-H5O2 = 2NaC7H5O2 + H2O + CO2. It is a white, amorphous, granular or crystalline powder, odorless, sweetish taste, permanent, soluble in water (1.8), boiling water (1.4), alcohol (61); contains when dried to constant weight 99 p. c. of pure salt. Tests: 1. Aqueous solution (1 in 20) neutral, slightly alkaline; with few drops of ferric chloride T. S. - flesh-colored precipitate. 2. When heated - vapors have odor of benzoic acid, then chars with a residue of sodium carbonate and carbon; produces intensely yellow flame. 3. Concentrated aqueous solution with diluted hydrochloric or sulphuric acid - voluminous, white precipitate (benzoic acid). Impurities: Heavy metals, etc. Should be kept in well-closed containers. Dose, gr. 10-30 (.6-2 Gm.), ter die.
Sodii Benzosulphinidum. Sodium Benzosulphinide, NaC7H4O3NS + 2H2O. - (Syn., Sod. Benzosulphin., Sodium Saccharin, Soluble Saccharin (Gluside), Crystallose; Fr. Sulfinide benzoique de sonde; Ger. Natriumbenzoesauresulfinid.)
Manufacture: Neutralize an aqueous solution of benzosulphinide (saccharin) with sodium bicarbonate, crystallize slowly. It is in colorless, rhombic prisms, white, crystalline powder, odorless, faint aromatic odor, intensely sweet taste, even in dilute solutions, somewhat efflorescent, soluble in water (1.2), alcohol (50). Tests: 1. Incinerate - residue chiefly sodium sulphate; aqueous solution (1 in 10) - neutral, slightly alkaline to litmus, but no red with phenolphthalein T. S. 2. Mix 10 Ml. (Cc.) of aqueous solution (1 in 10) with hydrochloric acid 1 Ml. (Cc.) - crystalline precipitate (benzosulphinide). Impuritivs: Benzoate, salicylate. Dose, gr. 1-4 (.06-.26 Gm.).
Properties and Uses. - As a substitute for benzosulphinide charin), owing to its greater solubility.
Sodii Hypophosphis. Sodium Hypophosphite, NaH2PO2 + H2O. - (Syn., Sod. Hypophos., Hypophosphis Sodicus; Fr. Hypophosphite de Soude; Ger. Natrium Hypophosphorosum Unterphosphorigsaures Natron.)
Manufacture: Add sodium carbonate to solution of calcium hypo-phosphite, filter, evaporate, granulate - Na2CO3 + Ca(H2PO2)2 = 2NaH2PO2 + CaCO3 should evaporate cautiously to avoid the giving off of inflammable hydrogen phosphide. It is in small, colorless, transparent, rectangular plates of pearly lustre, white granular powder, odorless, saline taste, deliquescent in moist air, soluble in water (1), boiling water (.15), glycerin, alcohol, boiling alcohol, slightly in dehydrated alcohol; aqueous solution (1 in 20) neutral, slightly alkaline; contains, when dried to constant weight, 98 p. c. of pure salt. Tests: 1. When heated - first loses water of crystallization, then decomposes, evolving spontaneously inflammable hydrogen phosphide, which burns with bright yellow flame. 2. Aqueous solution (1 in 20) acidulated with hydrochloric acid and added, drop by drop with agitation, to excess of mercuric chloride T. S. - white precipitate (mercurous chloride); upon further adding aqueous solution - precipitate gray from reduction to metallic mercury. 3. Heat for 30 minutes aqueous solution (1 in 5) 5 Ml. (Cc.) in test-tube with diluted hydrochloric acid .5 Ml. (Cc.) - no offensive odor. Impurities: Heavy metals, arsenic, phosphate. Should be kept in well-closed containers, and dispensed cautiously, as explosion is liable to occur when triturated or heated with nitrates, chlorates, or other oxidizing agents. Dose, gr. 5-30 (.3-2 Gm.), ter die, in water, syrup, or mixture.
Preparations. - 1. Syrupus Hypophosphitum, 1.5 p. c.
Unoff. Prep.: Elixir Sodii Hypophosphitis, 3.5 p. c, + hypophos-phorous acid .4, aromatic elixir q. s. 100.
Properties and Uses. - Stimulates the nervous system, aids digestion and nutrition, phthisis, chronic bronchitis, scrofula, syphilis, anaemia, impotence, promotes bone-formation. Generally combined with other hypophosphites, cod liver oil, etc.
Sodii Sulphis Exsiccatus. Exsiccated Sodium Sulphite, Na2SO3. - (Syn., Sod. Sulphis Exsic; Fr. Sulphite de Soude desseche; Ger. Getrocknetes Natriumsulfit.)
Manufacture: Saturate a solution of sodium carbonate with sulphur dioxide, add sodium carbonate equal to original amount taken, evaporate, crystallize - Na2CO3 + SO2 = Na2SO3 + CO2; expose crystals (Na2SO3 + 7H2O) 100 Gm. to 100° C. (212° F.), when they lose all water of crystallization (50 p. c.) without fusing or changing shape, pulverize, sift. It is a white powder, odorless, cooling, saline, sulphurous taste; on exposure slowly oxidizes to sulphate; soluble in water (3.2), sparingly in alcohol; aqueous solution (1 in 10) alkaline; contains 90 p. c. of pure salt. Tests: 1. At red heat - fuses to reddish-yellow mass of sodium sulphate and sulphide; produces intensely yellow flame. 2. With hydrochloric acid - sulphur dioxide liberated, recognized by odor, and blackening strip of paper moistened with mercurous nitrate T. S. Impurities: Heavy metals, arsenic, thiosulphate. Should be kept cool, in well-closed containers. Dose, gr. 5-15 (.3-1 Gm.).
 
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