2. Theobromine (Dimethylxanthine), C7h8n4o2

Theobromine (Dimethylxanthine), Chno. This is obtained by exhausting the kernels with hot water, straining, precipitating with lead acetate, filtering, removing lead with hydrogen sulphide, filtering, evaporating, and treating residue with hot alcohol, from which whitish, bitter crystals deposit. It is an alkaloid not altered by solution of potassium hydroxide, slightly soluble in water, alcohol, ether, forms salts (hydrochloride, nitrate, salicylate, etc.), and is related to caffeine, this latter being its methyl derivative - methyltheobromine, into which theobromine may be converted by treating theobromine silver with methyl iodide.

3. Chocolate, Cacao Proeyarata, Cocoa

Chocolate, Cacao Proeyarata, Cocoa. The expressed cake, preferably from the seeds (consisting originally of shells 12 p. c. and kernels 88 p. c.) deprived of testa, is reduced to a paste, then mixed with sugar, vanilla, cinnamon, annotto, etc., and molded into cakes, thus constituting commercial cacao, cocoa, chocolate (fr. indian chocolat). This is subject to much adulteration with starch, rice flour, barley flour, sassafras nuts, chestnuts, clove, butter, lard, cocoanut shells, etc.

Allied Plants:

1. Co'La Acuminata, Cola, Kola, Kola-Nut

Co'La Acuminata, Cola, Kola, Kola-Nut. The recent or dried cotyledons, W. Africa, W. Indies; cultivated. Tree 15-20 M. (50-65°) high, smooth stem, leaves 15-20 Cm. (6-8') long, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, flowers, staminate and pistillate, yellowish, fruit yellowishbrown, 5 segments, rough, woody, follicle 10-13 Cm. (4-5') long, each segment 1-3-seeded; seed 3-4 Cm. (1 1/5-1 3/5') long, 2-3 Cm. (4/5-1 1/5') thick and wide, oblong-ovate somewhat flattened or angular from mutual pressure, rounded on one side, and this irregularly infolded upon the other, brownish, mottled with blackish spots, yellowish-white inside, cotyledons of different size, thick, variously bent, odor nutmeg-or rose-like, taste aromatic, astringent; contains caffeine (kola-tannate) 2.7-3.6 p. c, theobromine, starch 34-42 p. c, tannin, kola-red, kolatin,

Fig. 262. - Cola acuminata: a, leafy branch, 1/4 nat. size; also longitudinal section of fruit, cross and natural longitudinal section of seed showing embryo enlarged.

volatile oil - kolanin is a mixture of kola-red and caffeine, kolatine (only in fresh nuts, which should not be used, action opposite to caffeine). Stimulant, tonic, nervine, diuretic, astringent, similar to coffee, but resembles coca in aiding the endurance of fatigue without food; neuralgia, headache, migraine, diarrhoea, indigestion, weak and irregular heart. Dose, gr. 15-30 (1-2 Gm.); elixir, 8 p. c, 3j-3 (4-12 Ml. (Cc.)); fluidextract (67 p. c. alcohol); tincture, 15 p. c. (diluted alcohol), 3j-2 (4-8 Ml. (Cc.)). 26