Materia Medica And Therapeutics Inorganic Substances | by Charles D. F. Phillips

This volume is published in succession to one upon the Vegetable Kingdom, and is arranged upon a similar plan. Several of our best modern treatises upon the same subjects completely separate pharmacology from therapeutics, but it has seemed to me better to recommend their simultaneous study, and I have devoted more space than is now usual to pharmaceutical chemistry; this will be to the advantage, I am sure, of the student, and I trust, of the practitioner. That ample space should be given to discussing the physiological action of medicines is a necessary condition of any modern work, and if the conclusions reached, and the bearings of facts gathered under this head, are still rather vague and undefined, they at least engage and deserve earnest attention, and point to the direction in which further advance may be made.

Title	Materia Medica And Therapeutics Inorganic Substances
Author	Charles D. F. Phillips
Publisher	William Wood & Company
Year	1882
Copyright	1882, William Wood & Company
Amazon	Materia medica and therapeutics

Materia Medica And Therapeutics Inorganic Substances

By Charles D. F. Phillips, M.D.

Member Of The Royal College Op Physicians, Etc. ; Late Lecturer On Materia Medica And Therapeutics At The Westminster Hospital Medical School

(Edited And Adapted To The N. S. Pharmacopoeia

By Laurence Johnson, A.M., M.D.

Lecturer On Medical Botany, Medical Department Of The University Of The City Of New York; Fellow Of The New Yore Academy Of Medicine, Etc.

Volumes I And II.

New York William Wood & Company

1882 Copyright William Wood & Company Mm

Trow's Printing and Bookbinding Company

201-213 East Twelfth Street New York

To John Eric Erichsen, F.R.S. Ex-President Of The Royal College Of Surgeons Of England, Surgeon Extraordinary To Her Majesty The Queen This Book Is Dedicated As An Expression Of Esteem For His Professional Ability And Of Gratitude For Much Personal Kindness Publishers' Preface.

The first part of Dr. Phillips's "Materia Medica and Therapeutics" - the "Vegetable Kingdom" - edited by Dr. Piffard, was published in Wood's Library of Standard Medical Authors in 1879.

This, the concluding part, has but just been completed by the author, and is adapted to the United States Pharmacopoeia, for this series, by Dr. Laurence Johnson. The author's text is presented entire; all additions are included in brackets.

Preface: This volume is published in succession to one upon the Vegetable Kingdom, and is arranged upon a similar plan. Several of our best modern treatises upon the same subjects completely separate pharmacol...

Ozone (Oxygen): OXYGEN, 0,=16 - OZONE, O3. Oxygen is the most universally diffused element, forming part of the air, the water, the earth, and of the tissues of plants and animals. Of the air it constitutes 23.01 ...

Ozone (Oxygen). Continued: Granting, then, the possibility of taking into the blood more than the normal amount of the gas, it yet remains true that in many healthy persons no marked effect is to be noted from inhalations of fi...

Direct Influence Of Oxygen On The Heart. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Some observations by Cyon on this subject deserve notice. Separating the heart of a frog, he connected it with a system of glass tubes and a manometer, and then passed through its cavities, first, ser...

Musculo-Nervous System. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Many observers have localized in the muscular system the special action of oxygen, and Spallanzani, finding that a chrysalis absorbed much less of the gas than a butterfly, argued that the difference ...

Compressed Air. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Physiological Action This varies somewhat according as to whether the patient is wholly immersed in an atmosphere of air compressed to one-half to one atmosphere in a closed chamber for one or two ...

Ozone. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Physiological Action Dewar and McKendrick pointed out the remarkable fact that, instead of the blood becoming more highly oxygenated under ozone-inhalations, it assumes venous characters in all the...

Ulceration - Gangrene. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: The gas has been applied in jet to atonic scrofulous ulcers by M. Demarquay, with much advantage. Gangrene has been attributed by M. Raynaud to deficient oxygenation of tissue, and Langier and othe...

Inhalation. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Remedially, oxygen may be considered as it exists diluted in the atmosphere, or as prepared artificially for inhalation with a definite proportion of air. Pure fresh air of the elevated country or ...

Asphyxia. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: When this condition is induced by breathing noxious gases, the best results are obtained from oxygen. Sometimes a free current of fresh air is sufficient to restore persons rendered unconscious by an ...

Asthma - Emphysema. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: The main suffering, the besoin de res-pirer, common to these maladies, is clearly traceable to deficient access of oxygen to the blood in the lung-capillaries, and I am satisfied that in the majorit...

Pleuritic Effusion - Empyema. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: I have used oxygen in several of these cases with good results. During inhalation relief to breathing was experienced, which lasted for some time afterward; compressed air has also been employed for t...

Whooping-Cough. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Moutard-Martin says that compressed air baths are efficient in this complaint (Union Medical, March 11, 1879). ...

Phthisis. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: The true value of oxygen-inhalations in this disease has been the subject of much discussion. So early as 1783 it was tried with apparent good result, and Fourcroy was appointed by the French Governme...

Hepatic Congestion. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Dr. Birch has advocated the use of the gas in this condition, and states that it will relieve the constipation and other symptoms connected with it. The remedy has no doubt been of service, especially...

Chlorosis - Anoemia. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Beddoes relates many instances of chlorosis benefited by inhalations, but other observers have not met with equal success from its use in this malady. I have, however, known it to relieve chlorotic he...

Diabetes. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Pettenkofer and Vogt determined that diabetics absorbed less oxygen than healthy persons, and that hence we might hope, by introducing more into their system, to obviate some conditions of their malad...

Albuminuria. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: In a few cases of Bright's disease, narrated by Dr. C. Paul, albumen disappeared from the urine during treatment by oxygen. This occurred also in the often-quoted case observed by Kollman and Eckart (...

Nerve Disorders. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: A few cases of severe neuralgia relieved by oxygen are on record (Birch, J. Hooper: loc. cit.), and it has been praised in spinal palsy, nerve debility, and hysteria, but I think without sufficient re...

Hydrophobia. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Drs. Paul and Josias used oxygen in this malady, and, although the patients died, some relief was given to the symptoms of asphyxia. Recently Dr. Schmidt has recorded the case of a girl, aged twelve, ...

Tetanus - Strychnia-Poisoning. Ozone (Oxygen) Treatment: Richardson refers to some cases of tetanus, under Sir J. Paget, much relieved by oxygen-inhalation; the patients became bathed in perspiration, and the muscles relaxed. He insists also on its importan...

Nitrogen: NITROGEN, N,=14. This gas is very widely diffused, constituting 76.99 per cent. by weight of the atmosphere, 79.19 percent. by measure. In combination, it occurs in the mineral kingdom as the basis...

Inhalation. Nitrogen Treatment: It has been proposed to utilize nitrogen by adding a larger than normal proportion of it to ordinary air for inhalation in irritable and inflammatory lung-condition, but no definite results have been ...

Hydrogen: HYDROGEN, H,=l. Hydrogen, being the lightest of known elements, is commonly taken as a standard of specific gravity and combining proportion. It has been found free in small proportions in certain ...

HYDROGENII PEROXIDUM - PEROXIDE OF HYDROGEN, H1O2,=34: Preparation By acting on barium peroxide with hydrochloric acid. Characters This compound of hydrogen is a liquid of the consistence of syrup, of strong, disagreeable, metallic taste, very un...

Ulcerations. Hydrogen Treatment: Lotions containing peroxide have been used with advantage in soft chancre and in cases of fetid ulcerations of the mouth. Therapeutical Action (Internal) ...

Chronic Dyspepsia. Hydrogen Treatment: Richardson, Guttmann, and others have reported improvement of the digestion under this remedy, but it is not much used. ...

Diabetes. Hydrogen Treatment: Cases of this disorder treated successfully by peroxide of hydrogen have been recorded (British Medical Journal and Lancet, 1868), and much good was at one time expected from it as an oxidizing agent;...

Cyanosis - Pulmonary Congestion (Passive). Hydrogen Treatment: In these conditions, where oxygenation of the blood is defective, and which are generally connected with heart disease, I have sometimes seen advantage from the internal use of peroxide of hydrogen - ...

Phthisis - Struma. Hydrogen Treatment: I have no personal experience of its use in these diseases, but benefit has been reported from it. In early stages it is said to improve digestion, in later stages to relieve dyspnoea, and in struma t...

Pertussis. Hydrogen Treatment: Much power has been claimed for peroxide of hydrogen in the relief of paroxysms of whooping-cough, but I have no experience of it. In a severe case, complicated with cyanosis, in a child with patent f...

Charcoal: CARBO, CHARCOAL, C, = 12. Carbon is very widely distributed throughout all the kingdoms of nature; the diamond represents its purest condition, crystallized in the form of a regular octahedron. Plu...

Carbo Ligni - Wood Charcoal: Preparation By burning wood in covered heaps or in closed vessels, in such a manner as to almost entirely prevent the access of air. The oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen of the vegetable substance ar...

Carbo Animalis - Animal Charcoal - Bone-Black: Preparation By exposing the bones of animals to a red heat without access of air. Thus prepared, it contains 10 to 20 per cent. of charcoal, the remainder being mostly phosphate and carbonate of li...

Carbo Animalis Purificatus - Purified Animal Charcoal: Preparation By digesting the commercial charcoal with dilute hydrochloric acid for two days in a warm place; filtering, washing, drying the residue, and igniting in a closed crucible. By these proc...

Fetid Discharges. Charcoal Treatment: Charcoal is used in surgery to cleanse and alter the condition of old and sloughing ulcers, suppurating sores and wounds, and is sometimes applied directly to them in the form of powder, or poultice w...

Cautery. Charcoal Treatment: Charcoal pegs have been used as a cautery; they are mixed with nitrate of potash (Lancet, ii., 1866, 309). Therapeutical Action (Internal). For ordinary medicinal use, wood charcoal is commonly p...

Dyspepsia, Flatulence. Charcoal Treatment: It is very useful for patients suffering from pain, weight, and sense of fulness at the epigastrium with flatulent distention, acidity, sour or bitter eructations, nausea or vomiting, furred tongue, f...

Diarrhoea. Charcoal Treatment: Charcoal acts well in the diarrhoea of scrofulous children when the stools are small, slimy, and light-colored, with intermediate troublesome discharge of flatus and itching of the anus; also when the...

Dysentery. Charcoal Treatment: Charcoal has been recommended in dysentery, and its antiseptic powers may be serviceable in chronic cases. The putrid smell of the discharges may certainly be relieved by a few doses of 30 to 60 gr., ...

Cancer Of Stomach - Gastric Ulcer. Charcoal Treatment: In these organic diseases many of the distressing symptoms may be relieved by charcoal. ...

Ascarides. Charcoal Treatment: A daily dose of charcoal mixed with salt, and given in the early morning, has been found useful in destroying and preventing the development of these parasites. ...

Sulphur: SULPHUR, S,=32. This element occurs in the animal kingdom as a constituent of the albuminous (protein) tissues, of bile, of cystin, etc., and in the vegetable kingdom in many essential oils and res...

Sulphur Sublimatum - Sublimated Sulphur - Flowers Of Sulphur: Preparation By melting or burning the native sulphur-earth, or any metallic sulphide, and condensing the vaporized sulphur in large chambers. Characters Sublimed sulphur is a gritty powder, c...

Sulphur Praecipitatum - Precipitated Sulphur: Called also lac sulphuris (milk of sulphur), though this name was originally given to an old preparation made with lime sulphate. Preparation From the sublimed sulphur, by first boiling it with ...

Sulphides Or Sulphurets: Sulphurated potash (hepar sulphuris, or liver of sulphur) (v. Potash) and sulphide of calcium (hepar calcis, or liver of lime) are in common medical use, and the sulphides of sodium and of ammoniu...

Secretion And Excretion. Sulphur Treatment: Buchheim and some modern writers express doubts as to whether sulphur really increases secretion from the bronchial mucous membrane and the skin; but I cannot agree with them, for I have frequently se...

Cutaneous System. Sulphur Treatment: Some dark coloration and much irritation of the skin may occur from the internal use of sulphur. I have seen a red papular eruption from it, and also occasionally boils and carbuncles. The waters of H...

Digestive System. Sulphur Treatment: The sulphides, in small doses, excite a sensation of warmth at the epigastrium; in excessive doses, they may cause gastroenteritis, and even, it is said, insensibility and speedy death (Ringer). Sul...

Parasitic Skin Diseases - Scabies. Sulphur Treatment: Sulphur is one of the substances which are fatal to acari, and it still remains one of the best, as it is the commonest, remedy for scabies, though Dr. McCall Anderson and others have objected to it a...

Tinea Tonsurans - Chloasma. Sulphur Treatment: The parasites in these maladies are curable by sulphur applications, but a compound ointment containing ammoniated mercury acts better than simple sulphur ointment (Ung. hydrarg. ammon., with an equal...

Sycosis Mentagra. Barber's Itch. Sulphur Treatment: In this disease Hebra advises that the affected hairs should be pulled out, and then a paste containing sulphur, glycerin, and alcohol, in equal parts, should be rubbed over the diseased skin every ni...

Prurigo. Sulphur Treatment: In chronic prurigo - especially when connected with phthei-riasis, but also in independent forms - an ointment containing sulphur with a preparation of tar is often of much service. Anderson recommend...

Eczema - Psoriasis. Sulphur Treatment: When eczema occurs as a complication of scabies, Hebra joins with the sulphur an equal quantity of tar and half the quantity of chalk; and there are some stages of idiopathic eczema when sulphur acts ...

Acne. Sulphur Treatment: With the exception of scabies, acne is the skin disease in which sulphur is most frequently used and gives the best results; the degree of stimulus or irritation supplied by it seems more appropriate ...

Burns - Scalds. Sulphur Treatment: Dr. Myrtle, of Harrogate, has recommended sulphur ointment as a good application for burns and scalds (Edinburgh Medical Journal, 1862). ...

Granular Ophthalmia. Sulphur Treatment: Wharton Jones has found advantage from the use of sulphur ointment as a stimulant, a small quantity being applied between the lids at bedtime (Medical Times, i., 1859). There are, however, better appl...

Rheumatism. Sulphur Treatment: The friction of rheumatic limbs with sulphur is as ancient at least as Pliny (lib. xxxv.), and attention was specially directed to it again some years ago by Dr. Fuller, Dr. O'Connor, and others (Medi...

Skin Diseases. Sulphur Treatment: The internal use of sulphur for many skin diseases rests on an old tradition, but is not much adopted in modern practice. I have tried it extensively, and although the alkaline sulphurous waters are u...

Scrofula - Swollen Lips, Glands. Sulphur Treatment: Scrofulous children are often disfigured by a chronic swelling of the upper lip and alae nasi, which may be connected with a crack or fissure on the inner surface of the mucous membrane. Accompanying ...

Scrofulous Ophthalmia. Sulphur Treatment: In this affection I can recommend sulphide of calcium, and especially when ulceration of the cornea is present; it also acts well in scrofulous otorrhoea, and indeed in almost all purulent discharges ...

Suppuration. Sulphur Treatment: Calcium sulphide exerts a marked influence on the formation of pus. If given early, it controls the inflammatory process, either aborting it so that it does not go on to suppuration, or, if this take ...

Syphilis. Sulphur Treatment: In most of the later manifestations of this disorder, sulphurous waters have a good reputation, but, in my opinion, without sufficient reason. At Aix-la-Chapelle, for instance, the treatment is conduc...

Diphtheria. Sulphur Treatment: During certain stages of this malady, preparations of aconite, iron, iodine, bromine, etc., are indicated, as described under those medicines; but at the time when pus is commencing to form, and the f...

Chronic Sore Throat. Sulphur Treatment: Dr. Gueneau de Mussy has specially pointed out the value of sulphur waters in glandulous angina, which, under ordinary treatment, is an obstinate malady. The waters of Eaux Bonnes are of remarkable ...

Scarlet Fever. Sulphur Treatment: Mr. Pigeon believes that in sulphur he has found the true remedy for this fever, and he certainly applies it very thoroughly, and appears to have had good success. He anoints the patient twice daily w...

Variola. Sulphur Treatment: Sulphide of calcium, I believe, often moderates excessive suppuration in this malady. ...

Asthma - Chronic Bronchitis. Sulphur Treatment: In cases with much cough and profuse secretion, sulphur will often relieve, lessening and modifying the expectoration. I have seen this accomplished in many instances. The old physicians described it ...

Phthisis. Sulphur Treatment: Sulphur was well known to the ancients as a remedy in consumption, and Galen ordered to phthisical patients inhalation of the vapor from the crater of Etna. It is not much used internally in modern pr...

Chronic Rheumatism. Sulphur Treatment: Sulphur frictions for rheumatism have been already mentioned, and the drug was formerly considered a good internal remedy for chronic muscular and articular pain, and no doubt it is often of real valu...

Paralysis. Sulphur Treatment: In chronic and asthenic cases of impaired motor power, the use of sulphur internally and externally deserves a fair trial. Dr. Graves was accustomed to depend upon it after a course of strychnia. Wetz...

Mercurial Tremor - Mercurialism. Sulphur Treatment: In cases of palsy and tremor connected with the action of mercury, sulphur is useful (Lettsom) and deserves trial; it is said also to neutralize acute mercurialism accompanied with salivation, etc., a...

Lead Colic - Lead Palsy. Sulphur Treatment: In these conditions sulphur has been found available, though iodide of potassium is now proved to be better. In an epidemic of lead-poisoning at Havre, M. Marguerette found sulphur give much relief; i...

Hepatic Disease. Sulphur Treatment: Chronic enlargement of the liver, with obstruction to the portal circulation, accompanied as it usually is by haemorrhoids, is often much benefited by a course of sulphur, or of calcium sulphide, or p...

Constipation - Haemorrhoids. Sulphur Treatment: The mild action of sulphur on the mucous membrane, or muscular coat of the intestine, renders it a useful aperient for children and delicate persons, especially if there be congestion about the rectum...

Diarrhoea - Dysentery - Cholera. Sulphur Treatment: Dr. Blacklock, of the Madras army, and Dr. Graves quote an extensive experience in favor of the efficacy of sulphur in these maladies; the latter observer combines it with soda and spirits of lavender...

Disorders Of Menstruation. Sulphur Treatment: When the menses are delayed in weakly and phlegmatic persons, sulphur used as an habitual laxative has some influence in bringing on the flow; on the other hand, it has been recommended for relieving ...

Ascaris Vermicularis. Sulphur Treatment: Precipitated sulphur is often a simple and efficient remedy for these parasites; 5 to 10 or 15 gr. should be given daily, morning and night, for some weeks. ...

Phosphorus: Phosphorus, P,=31. This non-metallic element was obtained in the seventeenth century from the urinary phosphates, by German chemists, and by Dr. Boyle in this country. London was, for some time, th...

Phosphorus. Part 2: Physiological Action (Internal) Circulatory System In accordance with the slight general excitation already described, the pulse and temperature are slightly raised about an hour after taking do...

Phosphorus. Part 3: Theory Of Action The direct irritant effects on the intestinal canal depend rather upon the oxygen - or hydrogen - compounds formed, than upon phosphorus itself, and the pain, vomiting, prostration...

Phosphorus. Part 4: Antagonists - Antidotes Hydrate of magnesia, or of lime, will neutralize the acid compounds of phosphorus, and carbon will absorb phosphorus vapor. Sulphide of carbon antagonizes the excitant actio...

Digestive System. Phosphorus Treatment: After taking, in ethereal tincture, 1/50 gr. each morning for ten days, and then 1/100 gr. for nearly four weeks, I experienced increased thirst and dryness of mouth, with coated tongue, flatulent dis...

Cutaneous System - Mucous Membrane. Phosphorus Treatment: A good deal of irritation with hyperaesthesia may be determined in the skin and the conjunctivae, as well as in the buccal membrane, by the use of phosphorus. It is not easy to say whether this is cau...

Genito-Urinary System. Phosphorus Treatment: There is but little evidence of any stimulus to the generative function or organs exerted by phosphorus given to healthy subjects, whatever may be its power in certain forms of disease. The stimulatio...

Osseous System. Phosphorus Treatment: Wegner has furnished definite proof that phosphorus stimulates the growth of true bone, for, after giving minute doses continuously to animals, he found the epiphyseal cartilages ossify more quickly a...

Nervous System. Phosphorus Treatment: The fact just recorded of phosphorus stimulating the growth of bone - a tissue of which it forms a component part - has led to the inference that it can stimulate the nutrition of nerve-tissue, of whi...

Pathological Changes Induced By Phosphorus: Ecchymoses and gangrenous spots have been found in the intestinal tract, together with swelling and softening of the mucous membrane and mesenteric glands; rarely perforation. The viscera are hyperaem...

Neuralgia. Phosphorus Treatment: Eighty years ago von Lobel, a physician, related his cure from an inveterate cranial neuralgia (which was accompanied with debility and failure of mental and sensory power) by an ethereal solution of ...

Intercostal Neuralgia. Phosphorus Treatment: For upwards of twenty years I have been accustomed to use phosphorus in this affection, and can speak favorably of its power. I have notes of fifty-six cases wherein the pain quickly subsided under th...

Herpes Zoster. Phosphorus Treatment: In this affection, which is distinctly neurotic, I have found good from phosphorus, for it has in some instances quickly relieved the severe pain. ...

Facial Spasm. Phosphorus Treatment: Twitching of the facial muscles, especially about the orbit, often occurs in cases of neuralgia and of impaired nerve-power. I have known it markedly improved by phosphorus. ...

Nerve - Exhaustion. Phosphorus Treatment: Gubler found phosphide of zinc remove the sensation of fatigue after hard work, improve appetite and digestion, and conduce to sleep. He gave a 1/2-gr. dose with an ordinary digestive pill at dinner-t...

Fatty Degeneration. Phosphorus Treatment: That a different action may be obtained from a different dose of the same medicine is an elementary therapeutical axiom in constant application, and it is, I believe, a clinical fact that phosphorus c...

Exhaustion Of Fevers. Phosphorus Treatment: The value of phosphorus in conditions of extreme exhaustion in advanced disease is one of the earliest recorded experiences of Kramer, Mentz, Leroy, etc. (1733-1798). They used it in the muttering del...

Exhaustion Of Generative Systems - Impotence. Phosphorus Treatment: In such conditions phosphorus has long had a reputation, and was much valued by early authorities, but modern experience has limited its powers. If the special exhaustion referred to be only part of a...

Spinal Irritation. Phosphorus Treatment: I consider phosphorus of greater value when this condition is connected with onanism than when arising from over-fatigue or other causes. The irritation is marked by local discomfort, a burning pain i...

Disorders Of Menstruation. Phosphorus Treatment: Patients with scanty, watery, and irregular catamenia sometimes suffer, about the time of the periods, from sick headache, and when this is the case a continued course of phosphorus increases the quan...

Paralysis. Phosphorus Treatment: Cases of hemiplegia relieved by phosphorus are on record, but not from very reliable sources. It is contraindicated in acute irritative conditions, but in chronic stages should be tried, particularly ...

Tremor. Phosphorus Treatment: In alcoholic tremor, as well as in the mercurial form, and in partial paralysis of the same kind caused by arsenic, Dr. G. De Mussy has found advantage from four-milligramme doses (1/16 gr.) (Lancet, ...

Locomotor Ataxy. Phosphorus Treatment: Dujardin Beaumetz has advocated the use of phosphorus in ataxia, upon the strength of four partially successful cases, of which, however, the after-history is not given. His favorable observations hav...

Hysteria. Phosphorus Treatment: Nerve - power is impaired in this affection, the emotions not being under normal control; more or less neuralgia is often concomitant, and altogether it is a condition in which we should expect phosph...

Epilepsy. Phosphorus Treatment: In true epilepsy it has, like most other nerve-tonics, been used and commended, but evidence of its really preventing the attacks is contradictory. Broadbent found it useful in epileptiform vertigo (P...

Melancholia - Dementia. Phosphorus Treatment: Dr. S. W. Williams in this country, and Dr. Ford in America, have recorded their experience of phosphorus in these conditions. The six cases of the former physician were treated by 1/30 gr. doses (Kir...

Pneumonia. Phosphorus Treatment: A simple pneumonia usually terminates favorably, independently of medicine, and requires at least no active interference; but, under certain conditions and complications, phosphorus has proved, in my ...

Chronic Bronchitis. Phosphorus Treatment: In simple cases of this affection, when patients complain of a feeling of tension throughout the respiratory tract, and a hacking, dry, and exhausting cough, phosphorus is, however, often valuable. ...

Pleurisy. Phosphorus Treatment: In pleuritis with extensive recurrent effusion of dark, bloody-looking serum (as proved by aspiration), in patients whose blood has been impoverished by excessive and long-continued use of stimulants,...

Tuberculous Phthisis. Phosphorus Treatment: The action of phosphorus in this affection can only be considered palliative; but it can, at least, moderate some troublesome and irritating symptoms. I have used it in various doses in upwards of eig...

Intestinal Ulceration. Phosphorus Treatment: Phosphorus is useful in ulceration of the intestinal mucous membrane, the result of muco-enteritis, dysentery, or other causes, and especially when considerable prostration, restlessness, and emaciati...

Chronic Otorrhoea. Phosphorus Treatment: In some obstinate cases, common in strumous children, phosphorus is very valuable in stopping the discharge and giving nerve-tone and strength to the system generally. When glycerin of tannin and othe...

Cutaneous Diseases. Phosphorus Treatment: The value of phosphorus in these maladies was mentioned by Cazenave, and in 1850 Burgess recommended it in psoriasis and in lupus. More recently Dr. Broadbent, inquiring how far the chemical analogies...

Lupus - Scrofuloderma. Phosphorus Treatment: In these forms of depraved nutrition theory would suggest that phosphorus might be useful, and Dr. Eames states that some cases have recovered under its use in from five to nine months. Dr. Mackey ...

Pemphigus - Acne - Boils. Phosphorus Treatment: Cases of cure from each of these disorders, under the use of phosphorus, have been recorded (British Medical Journal, ii., 1876). In pemphigus, arsenic, as a rule, is to be preferred, and during an er...

Abscess (Fetid). Phosphorus Treatment: In simple cases of abscess, antiseptic surgery, carefully carried out, generally proves successful; but, should it not do so, and should the pus become fetid and watery, and hectic fever appear, with ...

Bone Disease - Rachitis - Fracture. Phosphorus Treatment: In cases of fracture, resection, and transplanting of periosteum, Wegner found that small, continued doses of phosphorus stimulated the growth of new bone, especially in young animals; also that ossif...

Leucocythoemia - Pernicious Anoemia - Lymphadenoma. Phosphorus Treatment: It is in such blood - and gland - disorders, which are essentially of serious, if not fatal import, that phosphorus has been recently employed, and Dr. Broad-bent, one of the first to recommend it, of...

Bronchocele. Phosphorus Treatment: In nine cases of bronchocele (fibrous) I have made trial of phosphorus in varied doses, but without good result. Dr. Leech (Manchester) has sometimes seen the growth subside under the use of this drug...

Iodine (Iodum): IODUM - IODINE, I,=127. Iodine occurs in the form of iodide, with magnesium and sodium, in sea-water, and in many mineral waters, such as those of Kreuznach, Cau-terets, etc.; also in sponges and s...

Compounds of Iodine: POTASSII IODIDUM - IODIDE OF POTASSIUM, KI,=166. Preparation (1) By adding iodine to liquor potassae in slight excess, as indicated by a pale brown color of the solution. (2) The resulting mixtu...

Iodine: Absorption And Elimination Iodine may be absorbed to some extent by the unbroken skin, if the local inflammation excited be not too severe. A dilute solution is therefore better absorbed than a str...

Iodine. Continued: Physiological Action (External) Locally applied, iodine in tincture, or strong aqueous solution, acts as an irritant or caustic. It stains yellowish brown, permeates and destroys the epidermis, and...

Mucous Membranes. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The earliest and most marked evidence of the constitutional action of iodine, whether taken by the mouth or injected hypodermically, is furnished by irritation and catarrh of the mucous membranes. If ...

Circulatory System. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Iodine and iodides, especially the former, stimulate this system, rendering the pulse fuller and more frequent, dilating the capillaries, and increasing heat in the extremities. After toxic doses, ...

Nervous System. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Much disturbance of the nervous system sometimes follows the full action of iodine. It is marked at first by excitement, with restlessness, tremor, anxiety, and insomnia; but this state is liable to b...

Digestive System. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Iodine has a pungent taste, and in small doses causes heat and stimulation of stomach, with some increase of appetite. A dose of more than 1 gr. usually causes sickness, and 5 gr. give rise to salivat...

Glandular System. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: It is commonly held that iodine stimulates the absorbent glands to increased action. This may be an indirect effect consequent upon its breaking down and rendering more susceptible of absorption certa...

Cutaneous System. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Various forms of skin-eruption may follow the internal use of iodine or the iodides, the most usual being allied to acne in appearance, and (according to T. Fox) in pathology also, that is to say, con...

Genito-Urinary System. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The genital system is stimulated by iodine, sexual desire being increased under its use (Jorg); an increased flow of blood to the uterus is sometimes determined by it. If the iodide of potassium has a...

Influence On Nutrition. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: From the above discrepant results, it becomes difficult to theorize concerning the action of iodine on nutrition, and further reliable analyses of the excretion under its use are highly desirable. The...

Idiosyncrasy - Toleration. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: There is much difference in the susceptibility of persons to the action of iodine, and we can explain this in no better way than as idiosyncrasy. Speaking generally, it may be said that pale, thin, ...

Strumous Glands. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Iodine paint is a common and often a useful application to enlarged and hardened glands in the neck, groin, etc.; but sometimes the constant application of iodine lotion (1/2 oz. of tincture to 1/2 ...

Enlarged Tonsils. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: These are often connected with the strumous diathesis, and iodine tincture is one of the best local applications, though it is an unpleasant one, and sometimes excites much irritation. After some abso...

Bronchocele. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In cases of fibrous and fibro-cystic bronchocele, where calcareous degeneration has not occurred, local applications of iodine should be combined with its internal use. If the part be tender or inflam...

Orchitis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: If hardness and swelling of the testicle remain after subsi-dence of the acute stage of this malady, iodine lotion or ointment, with strapping, will prove effective. Alvarez has reported exceptionally...

Prostatitis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In subacute and chronic enlargement affecting the prostate gland, I have seen much advantage from iodine, and still more from iodiform ointment, though Sir H. Thompson, in his treatise, does not speak...

Mammary Growths. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Congestions and localized hardness and obstruction of mammary ducts are amenable to iodine frictions, but the skin of the breast is very sensitive and easily irritated. I can recommend a weak solution...

Pleuritis - Phthisis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The external use of iodine will frequently relieve subacute pleuritic pain and the flying chest-pains which are common in phthisis. Iodoformed collodion (1 part in 15 to 20) is said to act especiall...

Diphtheria - Croup. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have found an iodized spray or inhalation often useful in these maladies. Dr. W. Curran gives a good formula, containing 4 gr. each of iodine and iodide of potassium in 1/2 oz. alcohol and 4 oz. wat...

Chronic Peritonitis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In this malady, especially when occurring in strumous subjects, and accompanied with enlarged mesenteric glands, the external use of iodine in the form of ointment, liniment, or compress, should be co...

Chronic Visceral Congestion. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In chronic congestion of the liver and spleen, the external application of iodine is often useful. ...

Uterine Congestion. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In congestive enlargement of the uterus, with some induration of the cervix connected with sub-involution or chronic inflammation, benefit may be derived from iodine locally applied. Tepid injections ...

Menorrhagia. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In persistent cases Dr. Savage, and also Dr. Routh, have used intra-uterine injections of iodine (Lancet, 1851; Medical Times, i., 1860), but this treatment involves too much risk for ordinary use. In...

Injection Of Cysts - Hydrocele. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The injection of iodine in cases of hydrocele gives better results than any other remedy. Port wine and tincture of iron are both very inferior to it. The serous fluid should first be evacuated thorou...

Spina Bifida. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have not myself had much experience recently in the use of iodine in this deformity, and what I had in former years was not favorable; but the results of Dr. Brainard, Dr. Morton of Glasgow, and oth...

Hydrarthrosis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In extensive chronic serous effusion in the knee-joint, injection of iodine has been successfully practised by Velpeau and others. One part of iodine, 2 of iodide of potassium, and 8 of water, are inj...

Pleuritic Effusion. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The external use of iodine, combined with pressure, aids in the absorption of such effusions, and some surgeons have, in chronic cases, injected a weak iodine solution (4 to 5 gr. to the pint) into th...

Empyema. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In chronic cases, provided a free opening is secured, an iodine injection (1 to 2 dr. of tr. in the pint) is sometimes serviceable, both to disinfect and to stimulate healthier secretion and contracti...

Pericardial Effusion. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have treated several severe cases of this condition by iodine injections; for instance: 1. G. H., aged thirty-seven, had in youth two attacks of rheumatic fever with endocarditis of aortic valves; w...

Abdominal Cysts. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The following case, which occurred in my practice some years ago, will illustrate some of the risks and the possibilities of treating large cysts by strong iodine injections. A gentleman, aged seventy...

Ovarian Cysts. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: When the cyst is unilocular and no acute symptoms present nor active growth going on, then the injection of iodine may in some instances prove useful, although the radical operation of removing the di...

Ranula. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: It has been recommended to inject the sac of a ranula with iodine after emptying its contents; I have made numerous trials of this plan, but have abandoned it as unsatisfactory. I used it three tim...

Abscess Cavities. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The injection of iodine has been resorted to, and sometimes with success, for the purpose of disinfecting such cavities and controlling the secretion of pus. Boinet gives the history of a chronic a...

Fistula. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In some cases, iodine injection is said to have answered well. Lachrymal fistula has been cured by it (Lancet, i., 1874), also congenital branchial fistula (Medical Record, 1879). In rectal fistula an...

Fissure Of Anus - Haemorrhoids. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: An ointment or suppository containing iodoform - 5 to 15 gr. in the ounce - relieves the pain in defecation connected with these maladies. ...

Ulcerations. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: When the skin is broken and there is purulent discharge, as in severe burns or chilblains, or after wounds or injuries, iodoform ointment or lotions of iodine will disinfect the pus, relieve pain, and...

Onychia. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The duration of this very painful and obstinate form of suppuration may be much shortened by iodoform ointment, of strength 1 dr. to 1 oz. (Medical Times, ii., 1872; Medical Record, 1878). I have used...

Ulceration Of Tongue - Gumma. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In obstinate syphilitic affections of this description, with ragged, thickened epithelium, deep fissures, and severe pain, Mr. Berkeley Hill has found iodoform very useful, applied locally to the part...

Syphilitic Ulceration Of Throat. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Iodine liniment or iodoform externally, and the tincture or iodide of potassium internally, are very serviceable in this condition. ...

Chancre - Bubo. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: M. Lailler, in a large experience at the Hopital Lourcine, found iodoform a most useful dressing for all forms of venereal ulceration (cf. Lancet, ii., 1878). Mr. Berkeley Hill adopts it as an almost ...

Gonorrhoea. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Gonorrhoeal attacks in females can sometimes be cut short by one or two paintings of the vagina, cervix uteri, labia, and urethral canal with strong tincture of iodine, after first cleansing away the ...

Purulent Ophthalmia. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: M. Boinet relates a severe case of double ophthalmia and scrofulous catarrh, which had lasted for thirteen months when admitted into the St. Louis Hospital, but was relieved; and, in a few weeks, cure...

Keratitis - Photophobia. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In ulceration about the cornea, and in granular lids, iodine tincture is a good application; and the liniment, painted round the eye, relieves the photophobia so frequent in scrofulous children. ...

Otorrhoea - Aural Polypus. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Dr. Cassells (Glasgow) states that iodoform is very useful in these conditions, and in granulation from the membrana tympani, and caries affecting the meatus. ...

Catarrh. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The vapor given off by powdered camphor sprinkled with tinct. iodi has been found effective for arresting coryza (Medical Times, i., 1874); and inhaling from pure iodine, or carbolate of iodine, is al...

Ozoena. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In this obstinate disorder, and in various cases of post-nasal ulceration and discharge, the local use of iodoform has been much commended by specialists. Mr. Woakes, however, found an ethereal soluti...

Erysipelas. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Several authors concur in stating that the local use of iodine tincture will relieve this inflammation. Lanyon relates a case of idiopathic erysipelas, affecting the right side of the face and rapi...

Burns - Chilblains. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In burns of the first degree and unbroken chil-blains the pain, itching, and irritation may be relieved by iodine tincture, liniment, or ointment. ...

Lupus. Iodine (Iodum) Internal Treatment: In erythematous lupus, and in early stages of the tubercular and markedly strumous forms, strong iodine paint is sometimes useful; equal parts of pure iodine and iodide of potassium, in two parts glyc...

Acne - Sycosis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Simpson recommended for indolent menstrual acne, a decolorized iodine paint made by mixing tinct. iodin. co. 1 part, with liq. ammoniae 2 parts, to stand forty-eight hours (Medical Times, i., 1861)....

Psoriasis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In patches of obstinate chronic psoriasis the ointment of green iodide of mercury, or of iodide of sulphur, is very useful. I can speak well especially of the former, made in the proportion of 1 part ...

Pityriasis Capitis - Alopecia. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In branny, scaly conditions of the hairy scalp, and in partial falling off of the hair from debility, painting with iodine tincture acts as a useful local stimulant. It should be combined with other t...

Pruritus. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In many varieties of this disorder - pruritus pudendi, pruritus senilis - iodine tincture locally applied often gives much relief. In a case of hyperaesthesia of the vulva, without local lesion, bu...

Tinea Tonsurans. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In simple recent cases of ringworm affecting the body or the scalp, a few applications of iodine tincture or liniment may suffice to cure, but they seldom succeed in an aggravated case. The preparatio...

Metallic Poisoning. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Melsens found that every mercurial compound was soluble in an alkaline or neutral solution of iodide of potassium, and that corrosive sublimate, for instance, if fixed in a muscle, tendon, etc., could...

Syphilis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: It is probable that iodine acts in this disease, much as it does in metallic poisoning, by assisting the elimination of a morbid material. It has been maintained, indeed, by Dr. Basham and others, tha...

Rheumatism. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Dr. Graves was one of the first to indicate the value of iodide of potassium in rheumatism, and it is now well established. I connect its efficient anti-rheumatic action mainly with an eliminant actio...

Gout. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In chronic forms of gout the iodide will often relieve, as remarked by Mr. Spencer Wells, who recommends 1 or 2 gr. thrice daily, well diluted with water or seltzer water. In some cases the tincture a...

Chronic Rheumatic Arthritis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In this condition, often considered incurable, I have known the tincture of iodine prove very useful when given in 3-min. doses thrice daily, and applied locally; in others the good effect has been re...

Gouty Psoriasis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In this malady the iodide deserves trial. In one case of the inveterate form, and of twenty years' duration, recovery followed the use of 10 to 30-gr. doses. There was no history of syphilis- only s...

Ague - Intermittents. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Iodide of potassium is stated to have proved very efficacious in intermittent fever (American Journal, April, 1867; Medical Times, ii., 1872). The tincture of iodine is the Elixir de Wil-lebrand use...

Paralysis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Cases of this disorder recorded as cured by the use of iodides were probably dependent on syphilitic deposits, or inflammatory or rheumatic effusions pressing upon nerve-trunks. In such cases it is ce...

Neuralgia. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In such cases, if of a syphilitic or rheumatic origin, iodine is useful; and in rheumatic sciatica the combination of iodide of potash with vinum colchici is often very effective. ...

Chorea. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Manson affirms that he has cured seventy-two cases of chorea by giving iodide of potash. Bardsley and Gibney make similar statements, but many of these cases would probably have come to a natural term...

Epilepsy. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Magendie stated that he had cured this disease by iodide of potash, and Franklin gave to a boy, aged eight years, as much as 180 to 300 drops of iodine tincture, and curiously enough the boy bore it w...

Struma - Rachitis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In the different manifestations of these constitutional states, such as enlarged glands, tumid abdomen, indolent ulceration, ophthalmia, etc., preparations of iodine, and especially the tincture, are ...

Lupus. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have mentioned the external use of iodine in the treatment of this disease (v. p. 81), and there is some evidence in favor of its internal employment. Thus, Mr. Gay records cases of lupus affecting ...

Hydatid Cysts. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Dr. Tanner recorded a few cases in which these cysts wasted and were cured under the internal use of iodide of potassium, and although the relation of cause and effect may be questioned, there is some...

Phthisis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Chronic congestive conditions of lung following on acute inflammations are usually connected with the scrofulous diathesis - pneumonic phthisis especially. In such cases, benefit may be obtained from ...

Bronchitis. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In the subacute and chronic stages, iodide of potassium, or of ammonium, relieves by an alterative action on the bronchial mucous membrane, thinning and ultimately diminishing the semi-purulent tough ...

Asthma. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have known iodide of potassium relieve many asthmatic patients, and Horace Green (1860) found it to be the main ingredient in a secret and successful remedy for asthma. Trousseau and Jaccoud speak o...

Catarrh. Iodine (Iodum) Internal Treatment: Iodide of ammonium, in 1-gr. doses every two to four hours, is a good remedy in ordinary acute catarrh. ...

Hay-Asthma. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In this distressing malady, iodide of ammonium, combined with arsenic, will often give a better result than either remedy alone. Weak iodine solution should be injected into the nares, or, what is mor...

Sore-Throat. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In cases of follicular tonsillitis, or when spots of ulceration about the buccal mucous membrane are induced by cold, small doses of iodide are useful. ...

Croup - Diphtheria. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The tincture of iodine, as well as the iodides, are very valuable in these disorders, especially in their early stages; they should always be given in conjunction with aconite, and occasionally the ju...

Albuminuria. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: The prolonged administration of iodide of potassium in chronic Bright's disease is said to have retarded fibroid changes in the kidney, and induced general improvement in nutrition (Bartholow). Dr. Cr...

Ascites - Anasarca. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Not only in renal dropsy, but in that dependent on hepatic disease, and certainly in general anasarca independent of organic malady, iodide of potassium or iodide of iron is useful. Frictions with iod...

Aneurism. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In those cases of thoracic and abdominal aneurism, in which surgical treatment is impossible or highly dangerous, the clinical results obtained by iodide of potassium should not be ignored. Nelaton re...

Chronic Inflammatory Indurations. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: In simple chronic enlargement of glandular organs, the liver, the spleen, the mammary gland, or the testes, iodine is often of more service than any other medicine. The cause may be syphilis, struma, ...

Bronchocele. Iodine (Iodum) Internal Treatment: In simple soft goitre, in which malady, indeed, the reputation of iodine was first acquired, I consider it almost a specific. In recent cases, 1 to 5 min. doses of the tincture produce the best result...

Uterine Fibroma. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: Fibroid growths or indurations, especially those originating in the cervix, i.e., in the more glandular and secretory part of the uterus, often improve under the use of iodine or iodides. Dr. Ash-well...

Amenorrhoea - Sterility. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: When these conditions depend on func- tional causes, congestion, torpor, debility, etc., iodine and the iodides are useful. I have often proved them so in the former condition, and sometimes in steril...

Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have known 1 to 5 min. doses of the tincture arrest the capricious vomiting, also the pyrosis and heartburn of pregnancy, possibly by a stimulant effect on the gastric membrane. Its local applicatio...

Atonic Diarrhoea, Dysenteric Diarrhoea. Iodine (Iodum) Treatment: I have obtained benefit from similar doses in atonic diarrhoea, and in the form which occurs during phthisis. They have been recommended in cases of passive hemorrhage and serous intestinal flow depen...

Potassii Iodidum: Administration Opinions are still divided as to the best time for giving iodides with relation to food. Dr. Parkes and others recommend them to be taken before meals, in order to prevent decompo...

Bromine (Bromum): BROMUM - BROMINE, Br,=80. This element is contained in sea-water and in some saline springs, as in those of Ashby, Birtley (Durham), Woodhall, and Kreuznach, also in sea-weed and in molluscs. Pr...

Hospital Gangrene - Erysipelas. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The value of bromine as an escharotic and caustic in these maladies was conclusively shown during the American civil war, by Surgeon Goldsmith. The formula commonly employed was: bromine, 1 oz.; brom...

Chancre - Epithelioma. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In the few cases where a chancre can be, with advantage, destroyed in an early stage, bromine is one of the most efficient agents for the purpose. Dr. Wynn Williams and others have reported very sa...

Strumous Glands - Chronic Skin Diseases. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Ointments and lotions containing bromine have been applied to glandular swellings and ulcerations, and to patches of chronic eczema, with moderate success (Bonnet: Bulletin de Therapeutique, 1837), bu...

Nasal Catarrh - Hay - Asthma - Ozoena. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Brominized inhalations are of value in these disorders, and may be employed in the manner recommended by Bartholow. Half a drachm of bromine is mixed with four ounces of alcohol, and a small quantity ...

Diphtheria - Membranous Croup. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Brominized inhalations and external applications have been successfully used, especially by German physicians in these maladies, and in diphtheritic vaginitis (British Medical Journal, ii.,1872). Ozan...

Chronic Arthritis. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Andral treated this disorder by giving bromine at first in 2-drop doses, but later with as many as 60 drops in twenty-four hours. The gastric irritation, however, was too severe to make such treatment...

Struma. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Bonnet recommended 5 to 10 drops daily in cases of glandular scrofulosis, conjoining local applications (Bulletin, 1837), but the internal use of bromine is practically superseded by that of its compo...

Compounds of Bromine: POTASSII BROMIDUM - BROMIDE OF POTASSIUM, KBr,=119. Preparation By adding bromine in slight excess to liq. potassae, and afterward heating with charcoal, dissolving, and crystallizing. In the fi...

Magnesioe Bromidum - Bromide Of Magnesia. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: This salt is the main source of the metalloid, and is especially abundant in the water of the Dead Sea; it is found also in the Ashby and Kreuznach waters. Besides these, there are many metallic br...

Bromine: Absorption And Elimination The alkaline bromides are readily absorbed, and have been found in the urine and saliva five minutes after a dose of 15 gr. (Rabuteau); in ten minutes' time the reactions...

Digestive System. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Doses of 5 to 15 gr. of the alkaline bromides are well borne by the stomach, but upward of 20 or 30 gr. will often cause irritation and nausea, with sense of weight and coldness, or later of warmth. A...

Nervous System. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The action of bromides on the nervous system, especially of the lower animals, has been carefully studied by many observers, but with different and somewhat confusing results. Thus, while Damourette, ...

Circulatory System. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In a frog, if strong solutions be injected near the cardiac region, the heart is suddenly arrested in diastole, but under a slower distal absorption this does not occur, nor is there evidence of the s...

Generative System. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Speaking generally, we may say that bromides act as sedatives upon the genital system, and diminish the sexual feelings and the power of erection, though the secretion of the testicles is not lessened...

Excretion Of Urea And Carbonic Acid - Action On Nutrition. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: From the experiments of Dr. Bill and Professor Rabuteau, it appears that tissue-change is retarded under the influence of bromides. The former especially noted that the carbonic acid eliminated was de...

Cutaneous System. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Perspiration is diminished under bromide of potassium. Various kinds of eruption, erythematous or acneiform in character, are commonly traced to this drug, and although several observers maintain that...

Morbid Growths. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Bromide of potassium, applied in fine powder to indolent ulcerations and morbid growths with raw surface, is said to act well and painlessly as an alterative or caustic. An epithelioma has been succes...

Epilepsy. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: For this malady the bromides are now, by common consent, held to be the most generally reliable remedies. They give the best results in sthenic cases of uncertain causation, when convulsive attacks ar...

Convulsion. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In the wide range of convulsive and spasmodic disorders, outside that which we distinguish as epilepsy, bromides are very efficacious. In the convulsions occurring during pregnancy, especially from re...

Dentition. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In the restlessness and nerve-irritation or convulsion sometimes attendant on dentition, bromides are exceedingly useful, so that the gum-lancet is scarcely ever needed. The convulsions even of meni...

Tetanus - Strychnia-Poisoning. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: We have shown reason to believe that bromides lessen spinal congestion and diminish reflex irritability (v. p. 113), and this being so, they ought to prove valuable remedies in the disorders named. We...

Migraine, Congestive Headache. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: If given in the prodromal stage of an attack of migraine, the bromides often succeed in preventing its development, and especially when the head-pain and the nerve-disturbance precede, or are more pro...

Chorea. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The varying results obtained in the treatment of chorea must be connected with its varying pathology, which is not yet well understood. I have seen a few patients recover rapidly under treatment by br...

Hysteria. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In ordinary cases of hysteria, bromides alone do not give the relief that might be expected. The convulsive epileptiform seizures which sometimes occur may be controlled by them when the patients are ...

Uterine Irritation. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: If hysterical symptoms be definitely connected with ovarian irritation or uterine congestion, then the bromides are more distinctly indicated. In the distressing condition of unrest, undue apprehensio...

Spasmodic Disorders - Laryngismus. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The bromides, but especially the bromide of ammonium, will be found very useful in relieving the laryngeal spasm of this disease; but its usual connection with rachitis must not be overlooked, and ton...

Pertussis. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Dr. Gibb was one of the first to ascertain the value of bromides in this disorder, and he found the ammonium salt to act best; it quickly relieved the whoop, i.e., the laryngeal spasm. Dr. G. Harley a...

Dysphagia. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: There is a peculiar form of difficulty in swallowing liquids, which I have seen only in children; they drink readily, but the fluid either returns at once from the mouth or partly chokes them, or they...

Colic. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In cases of cramping pain in the stomach or intestine, such as occurs more frequently in children, and is independent of diarrhoea, but connected with irregular muscular contraction, the bromides usua...

Spasm Of Rectum And Bladder. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In cases of tenesmus, whether of the bladder or rectum, bromides will often be found useful. Hammond recommends bromide of camphor (British Medical Journal, i., 1877), and 1/2-dr. doses of bromide of ...

Enuresis. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In the simple enuresis of children, bromides may usually be relied upon. The good derived from them is probably due to increasing the stability of resistance of the cells in the lower part of the spi...

Spasmodic Asthma. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: There are certain cases in which very striking results may be obtained from the bromides: e.g., a man, aged thirty, subject to attacks since infancy, suffered about once in the week from evening till ...

Angina Pectoris - Palpitation. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The bromide is sometimes of service in severe breast-pang. Thus, Papillaud relieved severe paroxysmal attacks by the use of 1/2 to 2 dr. doses continued at intervals for two or three months. In nerv...

Vagus Irritation. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Dr. Somerville has related a remarkable case in which a very slow pulse of fifteen to twenty per minute was found on one occasion after an error in diet, and seemed, therefore, connected with irritati...

Diarrhoea. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: When this is reflex in character, as it often is during dentition, or when associated with a congested relaxed state of intestinal mucous membrane, bromides may prove the best remedies. ...

Cholera. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: It is not going beyond our knowledge to state that capillary spasm and congestion of vaso-motor centres are essential elements in the phenomena of cholera, and it would not, a priori, seem unreasonabl...

Menorrhagia - Leucorrhoea. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Bromides often act very well in relieving both of these discharges, but especially the former when dependent on congestion. ...

Spermatorrhoea. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In irritation of the male genitals in plethoric subjects, with undue erections or excessive seminal losses, the bromides are often highly useful. They have a local anaesthetic effect when applied to t...

Cystitis - Urethritis. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Saison has seen the bromides give great relief in these cases. They should be used both locally and internally. ...

Disorders Of Sympathetic Nerve. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: A number of anomalous symptoms which may be referred to this cause are relieved by bromides; for instance, sudden numbness, coldness, deadness, or pricking sensations in one or more limbs; distressin...

Urticaria. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In the capillary congestion of this malady, which is connected with irregular action or paresis of vaso-motor nerves, the bromides are indicated. Thus, Dr. Andrews reports the cure of a chronic recurr...

Exophthalmic Goitre. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: According to Dr. Brown (U. S.) and others, the bromides have proved useful in this malady (British and Foreign Review, i., 1868), and I think benefit may usually be expected from them, especially when...

Phthisis Pulmonalis. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: There are certain distressing phthisical symptoms which are amenable to the influence of bromides on vaso-motor nerves and reflex action. Thus, a hacking, laryngeal cough, or reflex vomiting, or even ...

Delirium Tremens. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: For the excitement, wakefulness, fright, and tremor which follow the abuse of alcohol, and which commonly precede a fully developed attack of delirium, large doses of bromide often prove of great use,...

Mania. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The use of bromides in insane patients requires special study and care, because of their liability to be suddenly depressed, and the prostration I have sometimes seen well illustrates the clinical fac...

Puerperal Mania. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In acute stages of excitement and delirium connected with the puerperal state, bromides act well, and should always be given. They have, doubtless, an influence over the uterine and ovarian congestion...

Erotomania - Nymphomania. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: When these conditions occur in connection with a generally demented state, the bromides do not seem to relieve so much as might have been expected. My friend, Dr. Mackey, when in charge of a large asy...

Cerebral Apoplexy. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: There is reason to hope for advantage from the use of bromides in the symptoms of cerebral congestion which point to an apoplectic tendency. Dr. Bastian has remarked that, in such cases, when the hear...

Meningitis - Hydrocephalus. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: I have seen the convulsions of traumatic meningitis arrested under bromide of potassium, and it is said that recovery from tubercular meningitis (acute hydrocephalus) has followed its use. In support ...

Spinal Congestion - Cerebro - Spinal Meningitis. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: In spinal congestion of acute character, with pain, hyperaesthesia, cramp, and spasm, the bromides have proved so far useful as to merit always a fair trial. In true cerebro-spinal meningitis - tho...

Diphtheria. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The bromides have proved valuable in this disorder, both when taken internally and when applied to the inflamed parts. Dr. Caro uses a spray containing 1 dr. to the ounce, and finds it lessen capillar...

Rheumatism. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The bromide of ammonium has been found extremely useful in acute rheumatism by Da Costa (American Journal, April, 1871). Gueneau de Mussy also praises the bromide for the same malady. For subacute cas...

Bronchocele - Splenic And Glandular Enlargements. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The great value of bromides in nerve-disorder has led us, perhaps, to think less of them as remedies in scrofulosis and glandular enlargements, but they are often very useful in such conditions. Dr. W...

Enlarged Tonsils. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: Saison has seen the bromides of service in this condition, and in the recurrent angina connected with it. ...

Fibroid Tumors. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The power which bromides possess of stimulating absorption led to their use in cases of uterine fibroid, and Simpson recorded successful results (Medical Times, ii., 1859, p. 599), also Graily Hewitt ...

Ovarian Tumor. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: The Kreuznach waters acted so favorably upon several of my patients with unilocular ovarian cysts, that I now always recommend one or two courses of them before advising an operation. Bromides given i...

Absorptive Effects Of Bromides. Bromine (Bromum) Treatment: There are other growths and deposits in which these effects have been utilized by different observers, but not extensively. Dr. Wilks observed benefit from the bromide of potassium in cases of cephala...

Chlorine (Chlorum): CHLORUM - CHLORINE, Cl=35.5. Chlorine, discovered by Scheele in 1774, is a greenish gas, irrespirable, and when incautiously inhaled producing injurious irritant effects. It has a peculiar odor; is...

Liquor Chlori-Solution Of Chlorine (Chlorine Gas Dissolved In Water): Preparation This, the officinal solution, is formed by passing the gas through a wash-bottle into a receiver containing distilled water, which dissolves it. Characters And Tests The liquor ch...

Digestive System. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: The same observer traces to this acid change also an increase of appetite and digestive power, but an excessive dose deranges the stomach. Workmen exposed to the fumes of the gas suffer from acid dysp...

Glandular System - Nutrition. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: Chlorine has been credited with a stimulant action upon the liver and kidney. Kletzinsky asserts that the excretion of urea is increased under its use, and Gubler has observed emaciation, implying inc...

Aphthoe - Angina. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: As a local detergent and disinfectant, chlorine solution is very serviceable. In cases of aphthous stomatitis I have known it quickly relieve when borax has failed. In ulceration of the fauces, whe...

Wounds - Chancre. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: A lotion containing chlorinated soda or liquor chlori, about 1 part in 12 of water, is a good dressing for unhealthy suppurating wounds, and for chancres. ...

Purulent And Fetid Discharges. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: An injection prepared with the chlorine solutions (1 part in 12) is effective in cases of offensive lochia after delivery, during puerperal peritonitis, etc. I have found it act better than Condy's fl...

Phthisis. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: The literature of forty years ago contains many cases of phthisis treated apparently with benefit, both in France and this country, by inhalation of chlorine. Elliotson recorded some advantage from...

Chronic Hepatic Congestion. Chlorine (Chlorum) Treatment: On the hypothesis that chlorine stimulates the biliary flow, liquor chlori has been given internally in hepatic congestion, and Wallace wrote in favor of vapor baths containing chlorine. It is one ele...

Water (Aqua): AQUA - WATER, H1O,=18. Pure natural water is a limpid, colorless fluid, free from taste or odor. When evaporated, it should leave no residue. In the Pharmacopoeia it occurs as aqua destillata - di...

The Cold Bath. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Temperature from 40 to 60 F., according to the season. What is said under sea-bathing (v. pp. 151, 152) applies almost equally to the ordinary cold bath taken with a plunge. There is a sud...

Wet Towels - The Wet Sheet. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A milder method of using cold water is in the form of towels, or a sheet, wrung out, and applied with vigorous friction; it is free from the risk of serious shock to delicate subjects, and is commonly...

Shallow Bath. Water (Aqua) Treatment: This is given with about six inches of water in a bath long enough for the patient to sit with the legs in, though he need not lie down. The water should be splashed, and rubbed, and thrown over the b...

Spinal Washing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: This is a mild and local form of douching from a jug, or can, or large sponge, emptied along the spine as the patient sits on a board placed across the front of a bath. It may be continued from two to...

The Douche. Water (Aqua) Treatment: This bath is the most powerful and the most important within the domain of hydro-therapeutics, and has been made the basis of the system practised with much success by Dr. Fleury, at Bellevue (Paris)....

The Sitz Bath. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A valuable influence may be exerted not only on the pelvic organs, but indirectly on the whole system, by sitting in water of varying depth and temperature (60 to 80 F.) and for a time varyi...

Foot-Baths. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The immersion of the feet produces some of the effects of the sitz bath, but in a minor degree. It lessens the amount of blood in the cranial circulation and relieves flatulence and slight visceral co...

Wet-Packing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: This is a still more sedative process than the sitz bath, since it is applied over a larger surface, and involves complete rest. To avoid unduly rapid depression of circulation and general activity, i...

Warm Baths. Water (Aqua) Treatment: By an action contrary to that of cold baths, these attract the blood primarily and directly to the part exposed to their influence, relaxing the vessels and tissues, and leaving them afterward in a co...

Hot Fomentations. Water (Aqua) Treatment: As cold water may be usefully applied in local compresses, hot water is often of the greatest service applied in fomentation, i.e., when a thickly folded flannel, or any thick absorbent substance, suc...

Steam-Baths. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The vapor of water, in the form of the steam-bath, lamp-bath, hot wet-packing, or Russian bath may be used to accomplish still more thoroughly the same objects as those to be expected from the warm or...

Turkish Bath. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In conjunction with other baths should be considered the Turkish, or Anglo-Turkish bath, in which dry air at a temperature of from 100 to 160 F., or more, is employed, the patient passing th...

Dry Or Blanket-Packing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In this process the patient is enveloped in six blankets, one at a time, each accurately adjusted about the throat and feet, so as to be air-tight; a feather bed is thrown over all. Dr. Howard Johnson...

Mustard-Bathing Or Packing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Mr. S. Newington has drawn attention to the powerful derivative effects of the hot mustard-bath. Two handfuls of mustard powder are tied in a cloth, and pressed in hot water till a very strong extract...

Hemorrhage. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The application of iced or cold water is an old, and commonly an efficient method of restraining hemorrhage from small vessels. The jet of water, or the soaked cloth or sponge should be applied sudden...

Ulcers, Wounds, Contusions. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The cold water dressing, with wet lint cut accurately to an ulcerated surface, or amply covering an inflamed part and overlapped by oiled silk or gutta-percha is one of the best, as it is the simple...

Hernia. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A bag of pounded ice placed over a hernial protrusion has caused its reduction; the cold lessens the volume of the contents of the gut, especially of the gases; it also stimulates peristalsis, and cau...

Stricture - Retention Of Urine. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A lump of ice introduced into the rectum is a favorite remedy for retention of urine. Immersion in a hot bath, by relieving deep congestion and allaying muscular spasm, is very useful in similar reten...

Bubo - Haemorrhoids. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In these maladies also the application of ice or cold water is often serviceable. At other times hot fomentation gives more relief, as it may do in orchitis. ...

Varicocele. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Suspending the scrotum in cold water night and morning, braces up the dartos and the muscular tissue in the veins, and relieves this malady. ...

Vesical Catarrh. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Warm hip-baths are of much value in this condition, and may be employed two or three times daily, for half an hour or an hour at a time. In gonorrhoeal inflammations and discharges they are also good....

Catarrh. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In frequently recurrent attacks of this affection - always catching cold - a condition generally dependent on impaired nerve-power and over-sensitive skin, the Turkish bath proves very useful; but w...

Tonsillitis - Diphtheria. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Thick compresses wrung out of cold water, applied to the throat and covered with flannel, usually give much relief, but sometimes answer better when soaked in very hot water (112 F.) and applied ...

Croup. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In true inflammatory croup, a very hot compress or sponge and steam-inhalation are especially to be recommended, and having been satisfied with these I have not often used the cold applications recomm...

Thoracic Inflammations. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Niemeyer and other high authorities, chiefly German, have strongly advised continuous cold applications in the early stages of thoracic inflammation, both pleuritic and pneumonic, placing compresses o...

Phthisis Pulmonalis. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The cold douche is used externally in phthisis, chiefly in Gorbersdorf and Davos. It is only suitable for cases where the temperature of the body is normal, and the disease not actively progressing, a...

Fevers. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The application of water to the treatment of these disorders is one of the most important results of modern therapeutics - or rather of a revival of, and improvement upon, older ideas, for it is not w...

Hyper-Pyrexia. Water (Aqua) Treatment: According to general, though not universal experience, a rise of temperature above 108 F. is quickly fatal, and a range between 105 and 112, which may occur in acute rheumatism, etc., h...

Acute Rheumatism. Water (Aqua) Treatment: I have often given the greatest relief in an ordinary but severe attack, with pain in all joints, sweating, pyrexia, etc., by means of a hot blanket-pack, the patient being enveloped in one blanket wr...

Puerperal Fever. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In a very striking case reported by Dr. W. S. Play-fair, a sheet or towels wrung from iced water were almost constantly applied for eleven days, the patient lying on a water-bed kept cold with running...

Typhoid Fever. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Liebermeister, at Basle, systematized the treatment of typhoid fever by cold baths, and his records show a lowering of mortality from 26 per cent. to 7 per cent. So soon as the disease was declared, u...

Remittent Fever. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A similar method of systematic bathing has been followed with advantage in the remittent fever of the tropics, and Dr. Lucas has recently described a severe case in which the patient (at 103 F.) ...

Scarlatina. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In this fever, some of the very best results of cold bathing and packing have been obtained. In mild cases, tepid or cold sponging during the course of the disorder, and a few carbolized warm baths at...

Nephritis. Water (Aqua) External Treatment: In acute nephritis from other than scarlatinal causes, warm packing and vapor-baths, and similar means of inducing diaphoresis, are almost equally valuable for relieving the renal congestion and elimi...

Hepatic Congestion. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In acute cases, hot packing over the liver, and in subacute and chronic cases hot mustard-packing and a course of Turkish baths, are highly serviceable. ...

Catarrhal Jaundice. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Krull has written to advocate the treatment of this malady by the slow injection into the bowel of 30 to 70 oz. of water at a temperature of 60 to 72. This may be practised for as long a tim...

Typhlitis - Peritonitis. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The application of an ice-bag, or of iced compresses, in these conditions has often proved more useful than the usual orthodox poultice, and in early stages, the local inflammation and the general pyr...

Diarrhoea. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The abdominal pain of acute diarrhoea is soothed by compresses, poultices, or warm bathing. In children some care is required as to the bath, for convulsions have occurred on placing a child suffering...

Skin Diseases. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In all forms of dry, scaly, skin disease (whether syphilitic or not) warm baths (especially when made emollient and alkaline) and vapor-baths are useful. In acne, hot bathing or steaming opens up the ...

Cerebral Congestion. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Cold applied to the head, while hot mustard-water is used to the feet, is one of the simplest modes of equalizing the cerebral circulation. It must, however, be used with caution where cerebral anaemi...

Meningitis. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In cerebral or spinal meningitis the application of ice is a valuable resource, but if the face be pale, and there be tendency to chilliness and prostration, it is not suitable. Sunstroke - Thermi...

Delirium Tremens. Water (Aqua) Treatment: When the symptoms are violent and acute, with flushing and heat of head, full pulse, and much restlessness, a cold pack, or, if possible, a douche, or at least an ice-bag or cold compresses to the hea...

Insomnia. Water (Aqua) Treatment: This is often dependent upon functional congestion of the nerve-centres, and is amenable to different applications of water. The general tepid bath is suitable for children especially. A cold sitz-bat...

Mental Disorder - Melancholia. Water (Aqua) Treatment: So valuable is the douche-bath in some mental cases that there has been a tendency to overdo this form of treatment, and even fatal results have been recorded from it in cases of extreme depression. I...

Hypochondriasis. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A course of cold-water treatment, which is at first stimulating and afterward soothing, is useful in this affection. It generally stimulates the vital functions, promotes tissue-change and nutrition, ...

Impotence. Water (Aqua) Treatment: When this arises from excess, cold sitz-baths and spinal washings often relieve. ...

Convulsion. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The reflex convulsions of infancy are often cut short by a warm bath, cold water being poured on the head at the same time (v. p. 146). Hysterical convulsion is sometimes arrested by a sudden shock of...

Tetanus. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Currie, Giannini, and other early observers record benefit from cold applications in tetanus, and illustrations of it have been published by Dr. W. S. Playfair in his Indian experience (Medical Times,...

Hydrophobia. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Free action of the skin offers one of the best hopes in this disease, and may be secured by means of the Turkish or vapor-bath. Buisson, a French physician, has recorded that, having become inoculated...

Paraplegia. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In cases connected with functional disorder of the cord hot, or alternate hot and cold douches to the spine often act very well. Paralyzed limbs that have become cold and wasted may often be much impr...

Spinal Pain. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The sense of weakness and exhaustion referred especially to the lower part of the spine, occurring in delicate subjects after overexertion of any kind, and due probably to a passive congestion, is muc...

Nephritis. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A copious supply of pure water is an effective, non-irritant diuretic, and is very useful in acute renal congestion and inflammation, washing out epithelium and casts from the obstructed tubules. It r...

Constipation. Water (Aqua) Treatment: A glass of cold water taken, fasting, in the early morning, will assist in securing a regular action of the bowels. If taken, also, the last thing at night, it has a still better effect. Cold hip-bath...

Haemorrhoids. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Plentiful water-drinking is indicated in this disorder as a means of relieving the liver by securing a greater flow of bile and accelerating elimination, but a course of aperient mineral waters is mor...

Chronic Metallic Poisoning. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In some cases of this kind, the taking of a large quantity of water is useful by aiding solution of minerals deposited in the tissues, e.g., antimony, arsenic, lead, copper, mercury, etc., or rather t...

Syphilis. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In the later stages of syphilis, or when relapses are frequent, and mercury or iodides are not well borne, hydropathic treatment is a useful resource, tissue-change being promoted by the wet sheet and...

Gout - Gravel. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In these cases, hydrotherapy can improve the general condition, and sometimes, it is said, disperse concretions. It promotes lixiviation and increased change of substance, as shown by increase of urea...

Sea-Bathing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In sea-water the more important saline constituents are the chlorides of sodium and magnesium, and the sulphate and carbonate of lime. Iodides and bromides are contained in minute quantity. Hence the ...

Struma. Water (Aqua) Treatment: In various forms of struma, scrofula, and chronic conditions of blood-poisoning, sea-baths are indicated, and during convalescence from fevers and other acute disorders, or after prolonged town-reside...

Sprains. Water (Aqua) Treatment: As a remedy for the effects of sprain or of injury to joints, or of spinal weakness, douches of hot and cold sea-water are exceedingly useful. Recently gargles of the same are said to have proved c...

Time Of Bathing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: To bathe before breakfast is the custom of some robust persons, but is never free from risk, and sometimes seriously injures weakly subjects: for after the long fast of night the circulatory and centr...

Errors In Bathing. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The good effects already described as proper to sea-bathing may be missed, and very unpleasant symptoms may arise, if attention be not given to certain points. The therapeutical object is to secure...

Mineral Waters And Baths. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The so-called mineral waters are really medicines, largely diluted and complex, containing various salts and gases derived from the soils through which they pass, and administered at varying temperatu...

Water Classification. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Braun, in his excellent treatise (edited by Dr. H. Weber, 1875), classifies Mineral Waters somewhat as follows:Class 1 - Carbonic Acid Waters comprise many of various character, more or less impregn...

Class 2 - Saline Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: (a) Simple Alkaline Waters (containing carbonate of soda as a main ingredient), are such as those of Vichy and Neuenahr, Salzbrunn, Mont Dore, Bilin, Gieshubel, Apollinaris, etc. (b) Muriatic Soda ...

Class 4 - Earthy Mineral Waters (Containing A Large Proportion Of Lime). Water (Aqua) Treatment: Rehme, Eilsen, Leuk, Weissenburg, Wildungen, etc., and many other waters, contain a small proportion of carbonates of lime and of magnesia (v. pp. 172-174). The special springs named are used in vesic...

Class 2 (A). - Simple Alkaline Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Vichy, in central France, seven hundred and eighty feet above the sea, is situated on the River Allier, in a large open valley surrounded by vine-clad hills; the climate is mild, the season is from th...

Class 2 (B). - Muriatic Soda Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Ems, near Coblenz, in the valley of the Lahn, two hundred and ninety-one feet above the sea, is the oldest and most famous soda spring. It is conveniently reached from England, has excellent hotels, a...

Class 2 (C). - Bitter Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The Friedrichshall water, which is largely imported from a spring in Saxe-Meiningen, contains, in a pound, sulphate of soda 46 gr., sulphate of magnesia 39 gr., chloride of sodium 61 gr., chloride of ...

Class 2 (D). - Compound Soda Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Carlsbad, in Bohemia, situated on the banks of the Topel, in a narrow valley twelve hundred feet above the sea, is one of the principal, as it is the oldest of German Spas. The season is from the end ...

Class 2 (E). - Common-Salt Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Homburg, in Prussia, about nine miles from Frankfort, pleasantly situated on the southern slope of the Taunus Mountains, six hundred feet above the sea, has a fresh and bracing climate even in the sum...

Class 3. - Sulphur Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: The sulphur baths of the Pyrenees have been famous from an early period. Most of them are natural baths (Wildbader), in high mountainous situations, and with a rough climate. Eaux-bonnes, departmen...

British Sulphur Springs. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Harrogate, about thirty miles west of York, is situated part on high level ground, about six hundred feet above the sea, and part in a sheltered valley. It is surrounded by open and pleasant country, ...

Class 4. - Earthy Mineral Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Wildungen, in the principality of Waldeck, is seven hundred and forty feet above the sea, and, besides a chalybeate, has three earthy springs. The Georg - Victorquelle is a strongly acidulated spri...

Class 5. - "Indifferent Thermae," Or Baths Without Active Chemical Ingredients. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Buxton, about thirty miles north of Derby, is situated on a lime-stone mountain range, nine hundred feet above the sea. The air is pure and bracing, but subject to sudden variation, and the rainfall i...

Class 6. - Chalybeate Waters. Water (Aqua) Treatment: Protocarbonate of iron, or ferrous carbonate, is contained in a large number of mineral waters, in amount varying from mere traces to several grains in 16 oz. The most used and the most successful con...

Therapeutical Action. Water (Aqua) Treatment: With regard to the therapeutical use of iron waters, formerly invoked so constantly whenever strengthening was desired, we must note that more discrimination is now exercised. Sea-bathing, mountain ...

Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum): ACIDUM ACETICUM - ACETIC ACID, HC2H3O2,=60. Acetic acid occurs in the Pharmacopoeia in three grades of strength- (1) The glacial or concentrated acid, which is three times as strong as (2) the ordi...

Acidum Aceticum Glaciale - Glacial Acetic Acid: Preparation This acid being volatile may be liberated from any acetate by distilling it with a fixed acid, as sulphuric, but its preparation is now left in the hands of the manufacturers. Charac...

Acidum Aceticum - Acetic Acid: Preparation During the destructive distillation of wood, an impure acid distils over; carbonate of soda is added to the distillate, and an acetate of soda formed, which is purified and distilled wi...

Acidum Aceticum Dilutum - Dilute Acetic Acid: Preparation By adding 1 part of acetic acid to 7 of distilled water. The sp. gr. is 1.006. Contains 3.6 per cent. of anhydrous acid. ...

Acetum - Vinegar: Is an impure dilute acetic acid, derived from alcohol. In France it is made from wine, and is stronger than the English vinegar, which is obtained from a fermenting infusion of malt exposed freely to ...

Digestive System. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: Dilute acetic acid in moderate doses has a cooling eupeptic action. It diminishes thirst partly by causing a flow of alkaline saliva. In large quantity it lessens secretion of acid gastric juice, and ...

Noevi - Corns - Warts. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: These have been treated successfully with the strong acid, and warts are easily removed by a few applications of it. ...

Lupus. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: In the erythematous form the glacial acid may be applied about twice weekly, with much advantage and without production of scarring. For Frost-Bite, vinegar applied with friction is a good external...

Cancer. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: A somewhat dilute acid (1 part acetic acid in 3 of water) has been used as a local injection into cancerous tissue, and Dr. Broad-bent argued that since it dissolved cancer-cells outside the body, and...

Ringworm. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: Acetic acid (1 part in 3) has been applied in this disorder, and with good results, but other remedies are more commonly used. ...

Psoriasis. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: Acetic acid used locally promotes separation of the thick scales of psoriasis, and stimulates healthy action, just as a blister will sometimes do, but it causes much pain if the skin is fissured. ...

Hemorrhage. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: Syringing with vinegar is frequently used as an astringent and styptic remedy for bleeding from the nose, and sponging with it for parenchymatous hemorrhage; in metrorrhagia it may be used by vaginal ...

Nocturnal Sweating. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: The night-sweats which are so profuse and exhausting in the later stages of phthisis and in some conditions of debility, are often controlled by sponging the body with warm vinegar night and morning. ...

Spermatorrhoea. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: Compresses soaked with vinegar and applied to the perineum at bed-time often cure this affection. Should soreness be produced, treatment must be omitted for a time. ...

Spinal Weakness. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: In cases of aching and debility referred to the lower spine, and dependent probably on impaired power of the erector spinae, I have seen much advantage from sponging the back with equal parts of sp...

Scarlet Fever. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: Dilute acetic acid is used by some practitioners from the commencement of this fever in all cases. Freely diluted, it certainly makes a grateful refrigerant drink. Where the eruption is more or less s...

Diarrhoea. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: When this occurs in the course of phthisis, or hectic fever, it may sometimes be controlled by the internal administration of vinegar. ...

Obesity. Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Treatment: When vinegar is taken continuously for five to six weeks, it causes emaciation, and in cases of obesity was formerly used with the object of taking down superfluous fat. A wineglassful was given each ...

Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum): ACIDUM CARBONICUM - CARBONIC ACID, CO2, = 44 (Not Officinal) This gas occurs in the atmosphere in the proportion of 2 to 6 parts in 10,000; the air contained in the interstices of arable land has m...

Digestive System. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: When taken into the stomach, as it usually is, in aqueous solution, carbonic acid is refreshing and thirst-quenching. It somewhat increases the gastrointestinal secretions, and excites their peristalt...

Respiratory System. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: The gas is markedly more poisonous when inhaled than when taken in any other way. It hinders exhalation of the carbonic acid normally existing in the blood, and is itself absorbed in small quantity, t...

Nervo-Muscular System. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: The most marked effects of carbonic acid poisoning (from breathing the gas) are exerted upon the nervous system. An amount of 3 per 1,000 in the atmosphere of a room will cause throbbing headache, wit...

Nutrition - Excretion. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: The inhalation of carbonic acid modifies the processes of nutrition in a manner not yet understood: sugar has been found in the blood and liver of animals poisoned by it. More diuresis is caused by ca...

Wounds. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: Demarquay and Leconte found that atonic and gangrenous ulcers and diphtheritic wounds recovered under applications of carbonic acid gas when they had not yielded to other remedies. The cicatrization o...

Vesical Catarrh. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: The pain, the muco-purulent discharge, and the irritability of bladder connected with this malady, may certainly be relieved by local injections of carbonic acid gas - a method of treatment not, perha...

Gout - Paralysis. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: At Kissingen, baths containing carbonic acid gas are much used for these maladies. Dr. Parkin wrote strongly upon the value of carbonic acid in gout, but administered it in the complex form of a stron...

Pelvic And Uterine Pain. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: In many painful affections of the pelvic viscera, whether neuralgic, sympathetic, or even arising from organic disease, injection of carbonic acid into the vagina acts as an anaesthetic and sedative; ...

Phthisis. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: Inhalations of carbonic acid are indicated in certain irritative forms of pulmonary phthisis, as likely to diminish active erethism and slow the progress of destruction (Withering, Beddoes, etc.). The...

Pharyngitis - Granular Angina. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: Chronic cases of these maladies and of laryngitis are treated at Ems by inhalation of the gas, and at Vichy by the carbonic acid douche. ...

Chronic Bronchitis - Asthma. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: Simpson states that he has often seen benefit from inhalations containing 5 to 10 per cent. of carbonic acid in these maladies, and in chronic cough. Such inhalations are much better tolerated than is...

Vomiting - Dyspepsia. Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Treatment: When the gastric mucous membrane is morbidly sensitive and irritable, carbonic acid gas dissolved in water is an excellent sedative, and in uncomplicated cases is sufficient to relieve vomiting. It is...

Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum): ACIDUM CITRICUM - CITRIC ACID, H3C6H1O7, H1O=200. This acid occurs in many plants and acidulous fruits, especially in those belonging to Aurantiaceae or orange family, and is commonly obtained from...

Cancer. Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum) Treatment: A solution of citric acid - 60 to 90 gr. in 8 oz. of water - will sometimes markedly relieve the pain of cancerous ulceration. I have verified this fact in cancer of the tongue, of the breast, and of ...

Pruritus. Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum) Treatment: A hot lotion containing citric acid is often serviceable in relieving itching. Therapeutical Action (Internal) ...

Irritability Of Stomach. Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum) Treatment: In cases of dyspepsia, marked especially by local discomfort, much thirst, and tendency to nausea or sickness, effervescing alkaline citrates are often both grateful and remedial. Citric acid, or its ...

Rheumatism. Citric Acid (Acidum Citricum) Treatment: To the observations already made on this subject (vol. i., p. 96), I have to add that citric acid is specially indicated in those perhaps exceptional cases of rheumatism when the urine is alkaline, ei...

Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum): Acidum Hydrochloricum - Hydrochloric Acid, HC1, = 36.5 Is found in the animal kingdom, in the gastric juice of mammals and fishes; in the vegetable kingdom (Isatis tinctoria); in the mineral kingdo...

Digestive System. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Administered in moderate dose and dilute solution, hydrochloric acid has two main effects - (1), it augments the acidity of the gastric juice, and (2), after absorption, it gives rise to extra-formati...

Respiratory System - Toxic Action. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: F. Walter found that in different animals of the same species, the action of the acid was different; from 7 to 8 grammes of hydrochloric acid per kilogramme of body-weight might be given to a rabbit i...

Stomatitis. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In inflammation, with patches of ulceration about the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums, hydrochloric acid, diluted with an equal part of glycerin, and applied to the sloughing spots will induce h...

Cynanche Maligna Ulcerosa. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In all forms of ulcerative sore throat, whether scarlatinal or otherwise, but especially when sloughing is present, and when there is marked general asthenia, hydrochloric acid is indicated as well lo...

Diphtheria. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Bretonneau recommended the application of the strong acid mixed only with a little honey to the false membranes and adjacent tissues, and this has sometimes arrested the local progress of the malady; ...

Dyspepsia. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: There are two varieties of indigestion in which hydrochloric acid is especially indicated -the so-called atonic form, and the acid form - but the mode of its use is somewhat different for each. ...

Diarrhoea. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In this complaint, hydrochloric is often preferred to other acids, not because it has a more energetic effect than, e.g., sulphuric acid, but because it is better borne by the stomach. It is most reli...

Fevers. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In typhoid or low fever, hydrochloric acid had, at one time, a high reputation; it was said to moderate the pyrexia, to limit the alteration of the blood, and to directly influence the morbid proces...

Scarlet Fever. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: There is also evidence as to the value of hydrochloric acid in scarlatina. Osborne records a prolonged experience in its favor (Lancet, ii., 1862), and more recently Egbert (Pennsylvania) has quoted n...

Variola. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Dr. McDonald advocates the treatment of small-pox, both internally and externally, by this acid. He uses a lotion containing 3 ss. ad 3 x. liq., and finds it considerably relieve the cutaneous itching...

Urinary Deposits. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In oxaluria, Dr. Prout long ago recommended hydrochloric acid, and its use is especially indicated for the impaired digestive power, and the anxious and depressed mental condition usually connected wi...

Gout. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Dr. Duncan recommended this acid as a preventive of the undue formation of lithic acid (Dublin Quarterly Journal, May, 1865) by its aiding assimilation; hence it should be serviceable in chronic gout,...

Pneumonia. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Traube states that he has found it useful in that form of pneumonia which sets in with much biliary disturbance - nausea, coated tongue, gastric catarrh, and diarrhoea. ...

Eczema. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Mr. Erichsen has published cases illustrating its value in chronic eczema (London Medical Gazette, 1846, p. 198), but in this, and in hepatic disorder, its value is better shown when in combination wi...

Syphilis. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Internal Treatment: The former reputation of this acid as a cure for syphilis (Medical Quarterly Review, 1835) in Vienna, need be mentioned only as an historical fact (Nothnagel). The aqua regia may, however, prove of se...

Acidum Nitro-Hydrochloricum Dilutum - Dilute Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid - Aqua Regia: Preparation By mixing 3 parts of nitric, with 4 of hydrochloric acid, and afterward 25 of distilled water: the strong acids, undiluted, are left to act upon each other for twenty-four hours to insu...

Characters And Test. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: A colorless or yellowish liquid, with the odor of chlorine, volatile, and easily decomposed by light; sp. gr. 1.074. It has the power of dissolving gold, the king of metals - hence its old name, aqua...

Hepatic Disorder. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In hepatitis, not so much in the acute as in the chronic form of the malady, which usually ends in enlargement and induration, it has been praised by good authorities. Sir R. Martin strongly recommend...

Syphilis. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In the later stages of syphilitic cachexia, when the blood-condition is impaired, and elimination by the liver and skin is often inefficient, the acid used internally and in the form of bath has been ...

Rachitis. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Attention has been drawn by Mr. Brodhurst to the value of nitro-hydrochloric acid baths in rickets (Lancet, ii., 1868); they should be conjoined with hygienic treatment, iron, and cod-liver oil. ...

Chronic Bronchitis. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: When the expectoration is profuse and semi-purulent, sponging of chest and trunk with the acid solution already mentioned is said to give much relief (Dr. Waring, op. cit. p. 443). ...

Acne Rosacea. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: A lotion containing the dilute acid, 1 or 2 dr. to 8 oz. of rose-water, is sometimes a useful stimulant to the affected part, and an acid foot-bath tends to relieve the internal congestions with which...

Oxaluria. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: This is, in most cases, dependent on some fault in primary digestion (I have known it produced apparently by continued use of a drinking water containing much lime), besides the renal symptoms, malais...

Sciatica - Rheumatism. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In the great majority of these cases, an alkaline rather than an acid treatment is indicated, but when they occur in connection with oxaluria the acid should be given (Fuller). In rheumatic gout in ca...

Dyspepsia. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Therapeutical Action: In dyspepsia or apepsia, connected with deficient action of the intestinal glands, and accompanied with a chronic looseness of the bowels, the acid has given very good results, used in the manner di...

Bath. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: As a matter of convenience the bath may be prepared with six fluid ounces of the dilute nitro-hydrochloric acid added to each gallon of water in a wooden or porcelain vessel, but the more active formu...

ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM - DILUTED HYDROCYANIC ACID, HCN OR HCy,=27: A solution in water containing 2 per cent. by weight of the anhydrous acid (Scheele's acid contains 4 to 5 per cent., Vauquelin's 3.3 per cent.). Amygdalin and emulsin, from which the acid is devel...

Respiratory System. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In man, ordinary medicinal doses do not affect respiration, but 10 to 20 min. may render it irregular and labored. Under small doses, the breathing-rate of animals either remains unaltered at first, o...

Nervous System. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Doses which disturb the digestive and circulatory systems - 10 to 20 min - may cause not only giddiness, but also a sense of constriction and heaviness of the head, prominence of the eyes, some confus...

Vagus Nerve. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Arguing from the conditions already described, and from the fact that poisoning by prussic acid is most rapid if the vapor be inhaled, Preyer concluded that its chief action was exerted on the vagus t...

Nerve-Centres. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: On the other hand, Boehm and Knie, conclude that the main change is always exerted on the central nervous system - the medulla - the functions of which are for a brief period stimulated and then destr...

Peripheral Nerves And Muscles. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: We are unable to conclude positively with Preyer that the peripheral ends of the vagus receive the first and main influence of the poison, for the mere extent of absorbing surface and ready contact wi...

Circulatory System. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Continued Small Doses - 1 To 5 Min. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment given at moderate intervals of two to four hours, lessen the force and rapidity of the heart-action: 10 to 20 mi...

Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Theory Of Action It is easier to ascertain, than it is at present to explain these facts. Hoppe-Seyler suggests that the red corpuscles lose for a time their power of giving up oxygen in the capill...

Urticaria - Prurigo. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: I have seen great relief given, even in obstinate forms of these maladies, by lotions containing hydrocyanic acid in sufficient strength. Pereira states that he did not observe relief in such cases, b...

Headache - Neuralgia. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Trousseau used a lotion of cyanide locally in cases of sick headache, and Fuller recommended the painting of neuralgic parts with a strong preparation of the acid (1/2 oz. with 2 dr. each of glycerin ...

Eye Diseases. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: The same may be said of cyanic lotions and vapors in the treatment of eye disease, for which at one time they were in vogue. J. V. Solomon recorded numerous cases of conjunctivitis (sub-acute), ophtha...

Ringworm. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Dr. Gee has found advantage from a lotion containing 1/2 oz. of sulphocyanide of potassium in 7 oz. of water with 1 oz. of glycerin, kept applied to the scalp. The effect must be watched, and a daily ...

Gastrodynia - Enterodynia. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Cases described under these names, and which seem to be frequently of neuralgic type, are often quickly relieved by suitable doses of prussic acid. Pereira gives instances of very severe spasmodic pai...

Dyspepsia. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Internal Treatment: Dr. Elliotson, in a special treatise on the subject, makes several groups of cases in which he found prussic acid extremely useful; some were marked by pain and tenderness only, others by flatulence, ...

Vomiting. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: The acid is useful in the vomiting of fever, and in sympathetic vomiting, and is sometimes indicated in that of ordinary gastric derangement: it may be added to effervescent mixtures, or to bismuth, b...

Phthisis. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: In the early part of this century Dr. Granville published a small treatise to establish the claims of a new and powerful remedy, and in his second edition (1820) congratulates himself on the conclus...

Whooping-Cough - "Nervous Cough:". Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Dr. Granville states, without presumption, that in almost every case of whooping-cough this medicine, given early, removes the disease (p. 64), and Dr. Hamilton Roe, in a special treatise (1838), re...

Asthma. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Much relief may be given to patients suffering from simple spasmodic asthma, by small and repeated doses of prussic acid. ...

Palpitation. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: Whether palpitation arises from cardiac hypertrophy or from ordinary functional derangement of the heart, dependent upon nervous exhaustion or dyspepsia, hydrocyanic acid will often prove useful. ...

Vertigo - Cerebral Irritation - Mania. Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Treatment: The acid certainly exerts some control over exalted cerebral function, whether by acting through the circulation or otherwise. Vertigo, especially, if dependent on gastric derangement, may be relieved...

Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum): ACIDUM NITRICUM - NITRIC ACID - AQUA FORTIS, HNO3, = 63. Nitric acid, the highest known oxide of nitrogen, may be detected in the atmosphere after thunder-storms, for electricity determines the nec...

Digestive System. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Given internally, in medicinal doses, dilute nitric acid exerts a stimulant effect on the glandular system of the alimentary canal, and some tonic bracing effect on the mucous membrane, so that appeti...

Phagedoenic Ulceration. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: In cases of sloughing chancre, of phagedaena, of hospital gangrene, etc., when it is necessary to destroy portions of diseased tissue, and to stimulate to healthy action, strong nitric acid is one of ...

Bubo. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: The strong acid may, with advantage, be lightly pencilled over torpid suppurating buboes, to destroy the integument and stimulate to healthy discharge; should a sinus be formed, the upper wall should ...

Lupus. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: The same application is indicated for the indolent edges of an ulcerating lupus, though acid nitrate of mercury is perhaps better. ...

Uterine Disease. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Dr. Lombe Atthill has had the best results from applications of strong nitric acid to the interior of the uterus, in cases of fungoid granulation and excessive hemorrhage: lint bound on a uterine prob...

Internal Haemorrhoids. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: It has been thought that strong nitric acid would supersede all operative interference in this disorder, but its curative power is really somewhat limited. Its local application is only useful in s...

Prolapsus Recti. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: If the strong acid be applied in one or two horizontal bands to the prolapsed mucous membrane of the rectum, in such a degree as to cause moderate but not too deep sloughing, these bands, on healing, ...

Warts And Corns. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Erasmus Wilson recommends nitric acid for the treatment of callosities, the cauterized portion being removed occasionally by the knife. I have used nitric acid extensively for the removal of moles on ...

Noevi. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Superficial naevi may be safely destroyed by painting with strong nitric acid; Mr. T. Holmes speaks highly of this method. Due precaution should be taken to protect the sound skin, and an alkaline lot...

Indolent Ulcers. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: For ordinary indolent or moderately sloughing ulceration, a lotion containing nitric acid diluted, about 1 dr. in 1/2 pint of water, is a good dressing. ...

Pruritus. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: A similar lotion will often relieve itching in papular and neurotic diseases, such as lichen and prurigo; it may be conjoined with prussic acid, or with the liquor carbonis detergens. ...

Alopecia. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: The acid, diluted with so much olive oil as will prevent the caustic though not the stimulant effects, makes a good liniment in some cases of falling off of the hair from debility. Therapeutical Ac...

Dyspepsia - Debility. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Dilute nitric acid is a serviceable tonic in cases of nerve-debility and of convalescence from acute disease, when appetite and digestive power are impaired. It acts well in combination with a few min...

Hepatic Disorder. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Nitric acid has long been held in repute for the treatment of chronic hepatic congestion, or chronic hepatitis, especially when occurring in Anglo-Indians, and after mercurials have been used. Dr. Mur...

Phosphatic Urine - Chronic Cystitis. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Sir B. Brodie constantly employed strong nitric acid, in full doses - 30 min. or more - largely diluted, and given in divided doses during the day, for phosphatic and alkaline urine. In cases of chron...

Diarrhoea. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: When the dejections are frequent, serous or watery in character, especially if markedly alkaline, and if there be no evidence of acute inflammation and not much pain, then nitric acid acts well, and...

Constipation. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Dr. Graves says, In constipated habits I have occasionally derived very remarkable benefit from the use of nitric acid given in sufficient doses. It seems, like the carbonate of iron, to possess the ...

Fevers. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Dr. Osborne has recorded a good experience of nitric acid in typhoid fever (Lancet, ii., 1862), and Dr. Bailey (U. S.) in intermittents- he prescribed it to relieve profuse sweating, and unexpectedly ...

Secondary Syphilis. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: A course of dilute nitric acid will often be of service in later syphilitic cachexia, especially after mercurials have been used, and in debilitated subjects. It benefits ulcerations of the mouth, thr...

Skin Diseases. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: In chronic syphilitic cutaneous eruption, such as rupia or psoriasis, this acid has been rightly commended. In ordinary, non-specific disorder, it is indicated whenever general debility is a marked sy...

Chronic Laryngeal Congestion. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: In this malady, when brought on by excessive vocal exertion, as in singers and readers, 5 to 6-min. doses of dilute nitric acid in sugared water have been found very useful, bracing up the relaxed mem...

Chronic Bronchitis. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: I agree with some good observations made by Dr. Glover, drawing attention to the benefit obtained sometimes from nitric acid in cases of chronic catarrh and bronchitis when secretion is fairly free, w...

Pertussis. Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) Treatment: Nitric acid has been found by some observers valuable in relieving the spasmodic recurrent attacks of cough, and lessening profuse expectoration; and it may certainly be credited with tonic bracing ac...

Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum): ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM DILUTUM - DILUTE PHOSPHORIC ACID, H,PO4,=98. This acid is rather widely diffused, being found free or combined with alkaline and earthy bases in soils, and in many vegetables an...

Nervous System. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: Dr. J. B. Andrews and many others find phosphoric acid to be a powerful nerve-tonic, but the conclusions are founded more upon clinical observations on depressed persons than on the healthy. Moderate...

Digestive System. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: Moderate doses tend to improve the tone and functional power of the stomach, and, as already remarked, this acid irritates much less, even after continued use, than the other inorganic acids; large or...

Nerve-Debility. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: The therapeutical influence of phosphoric acid is mainly exerted on the nervous system, and in the treatment of nerve-debility acts much like iron in anaemia, as a chemical food supplying something ac...

Fevers. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: In any fever where the nervous system is specially depressed, phosphoric acid is indicated; it assuages thirst, and helps to remove exhaustion; its pleasant taste is one advantage over the other miner...

Diabetes. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: Phosphoric acid often relieves the thirst of this malady, and has been recommended by Latham, Paris, Watson, and other practical physicians; on the other hand, the experiments of Pavy (already quoted)...

Urinary Disorder. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: In phosphatic deposits connected with waste of nervous tissue, and in alkalinity of urine with nerve-depression, phosphoric acid is very useful, and it has relieved the symptoms of phosphatic calculus...

Phthisis - Struma. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: In these conditions generally, phosphoric acid fulfils many indications as a grateful moderately astringent tonic; it relieves hoarseness and dry irritating cough accompanied by pain and laryngeal sor...

Hoemoptysis - Hemorrhage. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: M. Hoffman has written to specially recommend this acid in haemoptysis; and the main reasons for his preference of it would seem to be its less corrosive action, and better toleration by the stomach...

Strumous Conjunctivitis. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: This malady is often troublesome, not so much from its severity, as from its persistence and great tendency to relapse, and Mr. Balman, has written to praise phosphoric acid, not only in struma, but e...

Scorbutus. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: Liebig and others have held that the scurvy of sailors is mainly owing to the exclusion of phosphoric acid from their diet, since in the ordinary preparation of meat for sea-stores the greater portion...

Hone Diseases - Caries. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: In caries, M. Leutin applied dilute phosphoric acid to the affected bone with the idea of supplying a deficient element, and practically this sometimes relieves and improves the bone-condition. Its go...

Diarrhoea. Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) Treatment: Phosphoric acid is suitable for cases of diarrhoea when an acid is indicated. Sedgwick strongly recommends it for choleraic cases, and argues for its use in true cholera (Lancet, ii., 1871, p. 280). ...

Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol): ACIDUM SULPHURICUM - SULPHURIC ACID - OIL OF VITRIOL, H1SO4, = 98. This occurs native in the water near volcanoes, as in Java, and in the Sour Springs, in the town of Byron, Genesee County, N. Y....

Digestive System. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Very small doses give a characteristic markedly acid taste, and lessen the sensation of thirst; 10 to 15 min. of the dilute acid, administered several times at intervals, stimulate the appetite and ex...

Nervous System. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Ordinary doses do not produce other than tonic effects upon this system. In fatal cases of poisoning, the mind is gener-erally clear or but slightly clouded; exceptionally, coma has developed. ...

Glandular System. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Most of the secretions become more acid under the free use of this drug, and some of them, especially those of the skin and the bowel, are lessened in amount. Bobrick, however, found the quantity of u...

Pathological Changes. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: The anatomical lesions found in the stomach after death vary according to the concentration of the acid, and the duration of its effects. In milder cases, the epithelial and the upper layer of the ret...

Chancre - Gangrene - Cancer. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: In chancre, with phagedaenic ulceration, Ricord recommends a caustic paste made with sulphuric acid and charcoal to be applied on linen for several hours - until a slough forms. In hospital gangrene t...

Caries - Necrosis. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: It is evident that a lotion containing mineral acid will dissolve out the earthy bases of bone-tissue and quicken disintegration, and for this purpose it has been applied to some extent in surgery. Ch...

Ectropion - Entropion. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: In these deformities of the eyelids, sulphuric acid has been used by Laurence to cause a linear cicatrix, which, by its contraction, shall restore the natural position of parts, but other methods of c...

Poisoned Wounds. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: This, like the other mineral acids, when employed to cauterize poisoned wounds, bites, etc., has the advantage over solid caustic of more penetrating power. W. Frazer considered strong sulphuric acid ...

Parasitic Skin Diseases. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: In ringworm and in scabies, an ointment containing 1 dr. of acid to the oz. of lard has sometimes proved useful, though irritating; for the latter malady it is said to be largely used in the Prussian ...

Pruritus. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: In prurigo, lichen, and chronic urticaria, disorders attended with violent itching, a lotion containing 1 to 3 dr. of dilute acid in 8 oz. of water often relieves. Pereira says that its internal admin...

Hemorrhage. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Sulphuric acid was formerly in very frequent use as an internal remedy for hemorrhage, especially of passive character, whether from the stomach, lungs, or uterus. That there is difficulty in explaini...

Diarrhoea. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Dilute sulphuric acid has a well-deserved reputation in various forms of intestinal flux, and especially in summer diarrhoea of choleraic character: it often answers well, but when given alone I have ...

Cholera. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Dr. Curtin has recorded that a severe epidemic in an institution under his direction ceased within twelve hours after the inmates were treated freely with sulphuric acid lemonade - the only fresh ca...

Fevers. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: In the diarrhoea of enteric fever, H. Kennedy, Murchison, and other authorities advocate the use of sulphuric acid (v. p. 197). We do not expect from it, as formerly, a power of shortening the morbid ...

Pyrexia - Phthisis. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Whether sulphuric acid does or does not lower pulse and temperature in the usually employed doses, it certainly is of more service in secondary pyrexial states than in specific fever. In subacute infl...

Palpitation. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Nothnagel recommends this acid, combined with laxatives, in the palpitation of plethoric subjects; it is not indicated for the anaemic or chlorotic, nor specially useful in the palpitation of valve di...

Lead Poisoning. Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) Treatment: Since the publication of the cases of M. Gendrin and Dr. H. Bennett in 1846, the acid has had more or less reputation as an antidote and prophylactic in poisoning by lead; but modern observation does ...

Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum): ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM - SULPHUROUS ACID, SO2, = 64. The pharmacopoeial sulphurous acid is a solution of the gas in water, containing 9.2 per cent. by weight = twenty times its volume. Preparation ...

Tests. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: 1. When evaporated, it should leave no residue. 2. Barium chloride gives a copious white precipitate (of barium sulphate) if sulphuric acid be present. 3. Sulphurous acid decolorises a solution of iod...

Sodae Sulphis - Sulphite Of Soda. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Prepared by saturating a solution of carbonate of soda with sulphurous acid gas, and crystallizing. It occurs in white efflorescent prisms which have a slight alkaline reaction, and the odor and taste...

Potassoe Sulphis - Sulphite Of Potash. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Prepared by saturating a solution of potash carbonate with sulphurous acid gas, and crystallizing. It occurs in white opaque fragments or powder, with slight odor of the gas - very soluble in water (1...

Magnesioe Sulphis - Sulphite Of Magnesia. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Contains proportionately more of the acid (gas) than any other; it is also the most soluble, and the least unpleasant (Polli). ...

Calcis Sulphis - Sulphite Of Lime. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Is soluble only in 800 parts water, but the bisulphite and hyposulphite are freely soluble. Absorption And Elimination Sulphurous acid is readily absorbed, and its characteristic odor has been o...

Digestive System. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Sulphurous acid solution may be taken internally in moderate doses and well diluted without definite effects on the healthy body, unless it be the quenching of thirst and some refrigerant action. Insu...

Parasitic Skin Disease- Favus - Ringworm. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Sulphurous acid solution is a cleanly and efficient mode of treating these maladies, as first pointed out by Sir William Jen-ner (Medical Times, ii., 1853, p. 181). It may be painted on occasionally i...

Pityriasis Versicolor (Chloasma). Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: A weaker lotion than the last-mentioned, 1 part in 8, or one containing sulphite or hyposulphite of soda (3 j. in 3 viij.) will cure this disorder. ...

Pruritus Vulvoe. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: When pruritus is dependent on discharge, or other source of irritation, possibly parasitic, injections and lotions containing bisulphite of soda (gr. xv. ad 3 j.) have been found serviceable (Lancet...

Erysipelas. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) External Treatment: A sulphurous lotion will often give great relief to the burning pain of erysipelas, and its constant application is said to cut short the malady. Dr. Hewson records twenty-seven cases of various degre...

Chilblains - Corns - Fissured Nipples. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: For these minor, but annoying ailments, sulphurous acid is a good remedy. Mr. Pairman applies the strong solution of the acid on lint covered with oiled silk: if the skin be broken, the acid should be...

Bruises - Sprains. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: The same surgeon, who speaks from good experience at Marlborough College, has found a lotion containing sulphurous acid very useful in every kind of bruise and sprain. He recommends a spray of pure ...

Wounds - Fractures. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Mr. Fergus records also excellent results from the acid used in lotion to a compound fracture and to a severe contused wound of the face (where it is always important to avoid scarring): under a lotio...

Ulceration - Gangrene. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: In cases of unhealthy open wounds, and even hospital gangrene, sulphurous acid has sometimes proved more efficacious than carbolic; this was especially seen in hospitals at Metz during the Franco-Prus...

Angina. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: In various forms of sore throat, sulphurous acid in gargle, or preferably in fine spray, is exceedingly useful, relieving pain, lessening inflammation, destroying parasitic growth, and cleansing unhea...

Dysphonia Clericorum - Follicular Pharyngitis. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Dr. Dewar has published cures of this condition, so rapid and after so many years' duration of the malady, as to border on the marvellous. One clergyman, a sufferer for twenty years, found immediate r...

Catarrh - Hay Fever. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: A sulphurous acid spray applied to the nostrils often relieves the annoying symptoms of both these maladies. Sulphur-fumigation is also said to have cured them quickly (Dewar, Pair-man), but this cann...

Chronic Bronchitis. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: The spray is sometimes a useful adjunct in the treatment of this condition; it acts as a stimulating expectorant, thinning the tough viscid phlegm; sulphur-fumigation is also good (Fergus). It will no...

Asthma. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: In this capricious malady, sulphurous sprays and fumigations have been tried, and apparently with advantage, but more often with marked increase of irritation; as a rule, other remedies relieve more. ...

Phthisis. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Dr. Dewar has recorded a remarkable case in the person of a groom advanced in phthisis, with emaciation, cough, sweatings, haemoptysis, etc., and apparently in a hopeless condition, who conducted sulp...

Fumigation In Infectious Disease. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: The burning of sulphur for the prevention or cure of infectious disorder long preceded any modern scientific inquiry. The Chinese esteemed it highly in prehistoric times. Ulysses, according to Homer, ...

Cholera. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: The burning of sulphur fires round infected villages has been strongly urged (Tuson: Lancet, ii., 1876, p. 313). ...

Mode Of Fumigating With Sulphurous Acid Gas. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Dr. Dewar, referring more particularly to the process as applied for cattle plague, recommends as the safest and most convenient apparatus, a chaffer two-thirds full of red cinders, a crucible insert...

Septicoemia. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Dr. Polli, Dr. De Ricci, and others, have recorded cases of pyaemia, phthisis with suppuration, chronic empyema, etc., benefited by sulphites. Mr. Spencer Wells traced improvement in septicaemic ut...

Variola. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: We have already stated that in the hands of Dr. Hjaltelin and Dr. A. W. Foote, the internal use of sulphurous acid solution in smallpox was combined with the external application of the gaseous form, ...

Erysipelas. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: The relief given by the acid spray in erysipelas by Dr. Hewson and Mr. Pairman has been already noted, but the internal use of the remedy may be well conjoined with the external. In the case of an inf...

Diphtheria. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Under sulphur it has been stated that the local application of that remedy is not desirable (v. p. 30), but sulphurous acid acts very much better, and is, as a rule, well borne, and even liked by the ...

Enteric Fever. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: While recognizing the difficulty of a true judgment about the effect of medicines in this fever on account of some uncertainty in its natural course and duration, and of the usual recoveries independe...

Dysenteric Diarrhoea - Cholera. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Dr. Scoffern writes recommending the sulphite of lime in choleraic diarrhoea (Lancet, ii., 1866, p. 279), but it has not been much used. On the hypothesis of cholera being dependent upon the absorptio...

Ague. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: The hypothesis of ague being dependent upon the absorption of minute fungi or spores given off by the soil of malarious districts has been forcibly maintained by H. Schmidt, Salisbury, and others, who...

Syphilis. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: Several writers, chiefly American, have strongly recommended the internal and external use of the sulphites in the later stages of syphilis (Ranking, ii., 1868). I have had no occasion to prescribe th...

Pyrosis - Sarcinous Vomiting. Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) Treatment: In these conditions, which are clearly dependent more or less upon fermentations or the presence of low organisms, the influence of sulphurous acid and its compounds ought, a priori, to be clearly sho...

Tartaric Acid (Acidum Tartaricum): ACIDUM TARTARICUM - TARTARIC ACID, H1C4H1O6 (or H1T),=150. An organic acid very widely diffused: it occurs in fruits partly in the free state, and partly combined with potash or lime. Preparatio...

Digestive System. Tartaric Acid (Acidum Tartaricum) Treatment: Small doses have a cooling taste and quench thirst, but, if continued, may irritate the stomach, and large doses cause purging. Very large quantities have toxic effects, though not of so severe a k...

Fetid Perspiration. Tartaric Acid (Acidum Tartaricum) Treatment: Schottin states that tartaric acid relieves this unpleasant condition, and I can corroborate the observation. For the feet it may be used sprinkled in the stockings, or these may be washed in a strong...

Ammonia Gas (Ammonium): AMMONIUM, NH1,=18. - AMMONIA GAS, NH3,=17. Ammonia exists in the air in minute quantity (probably as carbonate), in sea-water and many mineral waters, and rain-water; in the soil and in animal excr...

Liquor Ammonia Fortior - Liquor Ammoniae: Solutions of ammonia gas in water, the former containing 32.5 per cent. and being about one-third stronger than the simple liquor; they are commonly called spirits of hartshorn, because formerly pre...

Compounds of Ammonia: Ammoniae Carbonas-Carbonate Of Ammonia, N4H26C3O8 = 236. The real constitution of this complex formula is probably, - two molecules of acid carbonate, and one of carbonate of ammonium. Preparati...

Ammonia Gas: Absorption And Elimination Ammonia and its carbonate are not wholly absorbed as such - a part becomes changed into chloride in the stomach (Rabuteau). Most of the free ammonia combines with carboni...

Nervous System. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Ammonia salts, in medicinal doses, stimulate the general nervous system, probably by quickening circulation, but the special effect of large doses is exerted on the motor tract of the spinal cord, whi...

Digestive System. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Ammonia and its carbonate have a direct antacid effect on the gastric secretions, and moderate doses induce a sense of warmth and stimulation at the epigastrium. More than 5 gr. is likely to irritate;...

Secretion And Excretion. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Medicinal doses of ammonia, under favorable conditions of warmth, etc., increase most of the secretions, such as those of the skin, the kidneys, and the bronchial mucous membranes. The liq. ammoniae a...

Influence On Nutrition - Urea. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Although ammonia is seldom taken long enough in medical practice to directly affect nutrition, there is evidence that its continued use will produce debilitating effects like other alkalies - as indee...

Neuralgia - Rheumatism. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: The strong liquor ammoniae has been used as a counter-irritant, or a rapid vesicant, in cases of muscular, neuralgic, and rheumatic pain, and to relieve deeper-seated inflammation, for instance, of th...

Falling Off Of The Hair. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: The stimulating properties of ammonia are highly useful in promoting growth of hair when it has been thinned by debility or illness. Half an ounce of the strong liquor, with almond oil, rosemary spiri...

Amenorrhoea - Pruritus. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In cases of chlorotic amenorrhoea, a stimulating vaginal injection of about 1 dr. of liq. ammoniae to a pint of warm milk has been found useful by Dr. Ashwell, and I have frequently ordered it with ad...

Local Inflammations. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Lotions containing ammonium chloride are very useful in inflammatory swellings of muscles, joints, lymphatic and other glands, and sometimes in the hydroceles of children - 2 dr. may be used to 4 or 6...

Acne. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In chronic cases of acne simplex with comedones, a lotion containing the chloride with alum and sulphuret of potash is sometimes an effective resource. ...

Stings - Snake-Bite. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Dilute liquor ammoniae relieves the pain that follows the stings of venomous insects, wasps, etc.; it should be freely rubbed into the part, and given internally if there be tendency to collapse. ...

Shock And Collapse From Injury. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Cases of fracture and laceration accompanied with collapse and treated by ammonia-injections have been recorded by Mr. Tibbitts. In one man, 40 drops with 2 oz. of warm water were passed into one of t...

Narcosis. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Neild injected 30 drops of ammonia on four separate occasions in a patient fatally narcotized by chloroform; temporary recovery occurred each time (Medical Times, i., 1871). In a case of opium-poisoni...

Exhaustion. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In a case where extreme exhaustion was consequent on prolonged suppuration, 15 min. were injected into a vein, and again eight hours afterward with permanent good result (British Medical Journal, i., ...

Exhaustion - Alcoholism. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: One of the most frequent uses of ammonia, and one which it commonly serves very well given by the mouth in the ordinary manner, is to quicken the general circulation and to revive failing heart-action...

Thrombosis - Embolism. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Rapid separation of fibrine in the heart-cavities seems to occur previous to death in many acute exhausting diseases, such as pneumonia, croup, peritonitis, etc., and after prolonged or difficult part...

Pyrexia. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In acute pyrexial and inflammatory conditions, solutions of acetate and citrate of ammonia relieve many of the symptoms by promoting secretion from the skin and kidneys. ...

Typhus And Typhoid Fever. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In adynamic stages of these fevers, ammonia has often been used but not always with advantage; thus Stille reports its failure, though largely given during an epidemic of typhus at Philadelphia. There...

Scarlatina. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: On the other hand, there is much clinical evidence of the value of ammonia in this fever. De Witt, Peart (1802), Wilkinson, and Strahl have written specially in its praise, and many illustrations of i...

Chest Diseases. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In acute stages of pneumonia, bronchitis, or pleurisy, the acetate or citrate of ammonia is often serviceable. In asthenic cases, the later chronic conditions of bronchitis, and in senile catarrh, the...

Croup. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In the later stages, when the membrane is more or less loosened, and perhaps capillary bronchitis is present, carbonate of ammonia may prove a useful stimulant expectorant or emetic. ...

Pertussis. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: I have seen relief given to the cough in later stages by inhalation of ammonia vapor, and Mr. Grantham has devised a simple method of effecting this by adding 1 oz. of the liquor to 1 gallon of boilin...

Bronchial Catarrh - Hoarseness. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: The chloride of ammonium in vapor deserves trial in obstinate cases of this kind, and Dr. H. Beigel introduced an arrangement of three bottles, one containing liquor ammonia, another hydrochloric acid...

Nerve Diseases - Migraine. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: The acetate of ammonia in 1 to 2-dr. doses will often relieve sick-headache. The chloride, in 10 to 20-gr. doses, is indicated in bilious and nervous forms occurring in the young, and in delicate over...

Neuralgia. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In true neuralgia, the chloride is often of great value, as Dr. Clifford Allbutt states after observation of fifty cases (Medico - Chi-rurgical Review, January, 1872): it is, however, very nauseous to...

Dysmenorrhoea. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: The acetate of ammonia will often relieve the pain of congestive dysmenorrhoea. I have frequently prescribed it with success, especially if there be a sub-inflammatory or turgescent state of mucous me...

Uterine Disorders. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: The chloride has often produced good results in amenorrhoea (Cholmeley: Practitioner, vol. ii.), and Dr. Anstie advised it in cases marked by general feebleness rather than by anaemia. Dr. Atlee state...

Myalgia. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: For this variety of pain, Dr. Anstie affirms nothing in the whole list of remedies comes near the chloride in efficiency, and H. Jones speaks of its power in muscular rheumatism as remarkable and p...

Hysteria. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: Ammonia relieves several of the symptoms of this disorder, such as the lassitude and tendency to fainting, and the flatulent distension of the stomach. The aromatic spirit is a good preparation in com...

Dyspepsia - Acidity. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In cases where flatulence with acidity are marked symptoms, ammonia will relieve by its alkalinity and by stimulating the stomach to contract and expel flatus; it is usefully combined with other remed...

Hepatic Disorders. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In various forms of hepatic disorder accompanied with congestion, ammonium chloride is a valuable remedy, perhaps not yet sufficiently known in this country. Dr. Murchison recommended it in functiona...

Hemorrhage. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In hemorrhage of different kinds, usually passive in character, the chloride is praised by Copland, who gave it with hydrochloric acid. It is not much used, but Warburton Begbie has seen good results ...

Urinary Disorder. Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) Treatment: In acute albuminuria, the liquor ammoniae acetatis is often useful, as first noticed by Addison (Lancet, ii., 1855), and in diabetes, Barlow, Golding-Bird, and Bouchardat specially valued the carbonat...

Aluminium: ALUMINIUM AL, = 27.5. This metal has not been found native, but alumina, its oxide, Al2O3 (known also as argillaceous earth), is widely diffused as a silicate in clay, slate, granite, etc., and occ...

Digestive System. Aluminium Treatment: Small doses (3 gr.) taken several times daily, in water, cause dryness of mouth and throat, thirst, and diminished secretion in the alimentary canal, the stools being rendered harder and less colored ...

Skin Diseases. Aluminium Treatment: In some forms of discharging skin disease, such as chronic eczema, an alum lotion of moderate strength (1 dr. to 6 or 8 oz.) will act favorably as an astringent; it is also useful if sponged over the ...

Stomatitis. Aluminium Treatment: When small ulcerations occur in the buccal mucous membrane, and when there is gingivitis or sponginess and inflammation of the gums, dried alum, applied in the form of powder, or a lotion containing i...

Tonsillitis. Aluminium Treatment: In early stages even of acute tonsillitis, insufflation of very finely-powdered alum, or warm, weak alum gargles will often assist in cutting short the attack, but if this be fully developed before tr...

Otorrhoea - Ozoena. Aluminium Treatment: In sub-acute or chronic stages of otorrhoea, an alum-injection of the strength already mentioned - 4 to 6 gr. to the ounce -is cheap, and often effective: its use should be preceded by a douche of pla...

Leucorrhoea - Gonorrhoea. Aluminium Treatment: Injections of alum alone, or combined with zinc or oak-bark, are often used with advantage, especially in leu-corrhceal discharges: a strength of about 5 gr. to the ounce is usually sufficient, and pl...

Prolapsus. Aluminium Treatment: Leucorrhoea is commonly accompanied by a relaxed condition of vaginal mucous membrane, which is also amenable to alum. A good method of using it is to place a sponge, soaked in its solution, well with...

Excoriations Of Cervix Uteri. Aluminium Treatment: The local application of alum was, at one time, much praised in this condition (Delmas: British and Foreign Review, July, 1841). ...

Chronic Catarrhal Cystitis. Aluminium Treatment: This obstinate disorder may be often relieved by the use of a weak alum-injection - 10 gr. in the pint: the bladder should be first washed out with warm water, so as to avoid the clotting of discharge...

Hemorrhage - Epistaxis. Aluminium Treatment: Alum is serviceable applied externally in cases of bleeding from superficial vessels, as from the surface of wounds or mucous membranes, e.g., of the nose or of the vagina, from haemorrhoids, from lee...

Hoematuria. Aluminium Treatment: In bleeding from the kidneys, alum whey is also useful, but iron alum (double sulphate of iron and ammonia) is a still more active remedy, which has, in my experience, acted better than many others....

Albuminuria. Aluminium Treatment: The drain of albumen in Bright's disease is practically equivalent to a loss by hemorrhage, and it has been sometimes restrained by the use of alum: thus, Oppolzer and Heller have reported benefit fro...

Diabetes. Aluminium Treatment: In diabetes insipidus, or polyuria, when there is an excessive flow of limpid but non-saccharine urine, alum deserves further trial, though the malady is anomalous and often is uncontrolled by any r...

Gastric Catarrh. Aluminium Treatment: In cases with vomiting of glairy mucus, alum is a cheap and efficient remedy. Sir J. Murray, one of the principal advocates for its use, pointed out that it acted better when given in substance than i...

Diarrhoea. Aluminium Treatment: I have found alum very useful in infantile diarrhoea when arising from errors in diet, and attended with vomiting, acidity, and green stools: from 1 to 5 gr. may be given with syrup. Diarrhoea depende...

Dysentery. Aluminium Treatment: Moseley, in his work on tropical diseases, considers alum to be one of the best medicines in acute and chronic dysentery, and Dr. Waring has often seen it useful in asthenic cases; it was commonly giv...

Constipation. Aluminium Treatment: Besides the astringent power exerted by 5 to 10-gr. doses of alum, we must notice the irritant effect of larger quantities, by which probably they become useful in constipation. Alum is seldom to be p...

Lead Colic. Aluminium Treatment: In this common and painful malady, which is always accompanied by obstinate constipation, there is much evidence of the virtue of alum, dating from the last century. Dr. Copland praises it, and M. Bra...

Emetic Action - Croup. Aluminium Treatment: Besides its astringent and stimulating power, alum, in doses of about 1 dr., is a very useful emetic, because it is prompt in action, and does not depress the system: hence it has been recommended in ...

Whooping-Cough. Aluminium Treatment: In the chronic stages of this complaint, where secretion is profuse and spasm severe, and there is not much complicating bronchitis or pyrexia, I have seen alum exert a very beneficial influence: 4 to...

Asthma - Bronchitis. Aluminium Treatment: It is said that a paroxysm of asthma may sometimes be prevented by placing about 10 gr. of alum on the tongue (Ringer). In bronchitis, 5 to 10 gr., given every four hours, serve to facilitate expector...

Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium): ANTIMONIUM - ANTIMONY - STIBIUM, Sb, = 122. This substance, which is now classed among metalloids, occurs native, but in small quantities. It is usually found in alloy with various metals, chiefly ...

Compounds of Antimony: ANTIMONIUM NIGRUM - BLACK ANTIMONY, Sb2S3, = 340. Preparation From the native ore stibnite, by fusing and then reducing to a fine powder. Characters And Tests A crystalline steel-gray meta...

Antimony: Absorption And Elimination Soluble compounds of antimony, such as tartar emetic, are readily absorbed, especially by mucous membranes, and they circulate in the blood, either unchanged or as albumi...

Respiratory System. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In the experiments of Ackermann, the number of respirations increased in direct relation with the increase in the pulse-rate, but, under the continued influence of the drug, independently of irritant ...

Digestive System. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Upon the alimentary tract, antimony acts as an irritant in greater or less degree, according to the dose: 1/30 to 1/15 gr. of the tartrate, or even less when repeated, will induce some sense of warmth...

Conditions Modifying The Action Of Antimony - Tolerance. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: The preceding description requires to be qualified, especially in cases of what is called tolerance. If the giving of antimony be commenced in fractional doses, and continued with very gradual incre...

Glandular System. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Moderate doses increase the secretion of the parotid, the pancreas, the liver, and the gastric and intestinal glands, the drug acting as a stimulant or irritant during its elimination by these structu...

Cutaneous System. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Whether it has a like action on the sweat-glands has been disputed, and the increased perspiration which commonly follows its use has been attributed to the act of vomiting, or to the course of an ill...

Urinary System. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: There is difficulty in estimating exactly the effect of antimony on the kidneys, and statements with regard to it vary much. It is probable that more or less of the drug may be excreted by this channe...

Nervous And Muscular Systems. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: These systems are first excited and then paralyzed by antimony in varying degree according to the dose and the amount of gastric irritation. Restlessness and pain may be at first marked with general t...

Phthisis. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In the earlier stages of this disease, when there is evidence of local lung-congestion, with pain and oppression, and in the later stages when acute general symptoms are not urgent, I have known it se...

Meningitis - Hydrocephalus. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In these maladies, the ointment has been applied over the shaven scalp, but the results certainly do not compensate for the suffering caused. ...

Orchitis - Ovaritis. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Frictions with the ointment have been made in orchitis, along the line of the spermatic cord as far as the scrotum, the skin having been previously punctured. M. Isaac reports well of this procedure (...

Noevus. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Mr. Bateman recommends a resin plaster made with two parts to one of tartar emetic, and applied over the naevus until inflammatory action and pustulation occur (Lancet, ii., 1869). I have several time...

Lupus - Cancer. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: The chloride of antimony has been employed as a destructive caustic for these growths, but is now practically superseded. Therapeutical Action (Internal) The double power of antimony to control ...

Fevers. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: At the commencement of an attack, when gastric disorder was very marked, an antimonial emetic was formerly much commended. Dr. Gregory often employed it in these circumstances, but he also pointed out...

Enteric Fever. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Antimony has been commended in this fever, but the intestinal condition requires exceptional caution in its use; it does not of itself forbid the remedy, for diarrhoea and pain have often subsided und...

Intermittent Fever - Ague. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: The paroxysms may sometimes be prevented by an emetic dose of antimony, but this is not a special effect of the drug, for it will occur after the use of other emetics. ...

Scarlet Fever - Measles - Small-Pox. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In these disorders, especially when the eruption is scanty or suppressed, antimony may be useful by determining to the skin, and thus relieving the febrile condition and obviating grave symptoms. I...

Rheumatic Fever. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Laennec, Bricheteau, and other eminent physicians of a past generation, advocated the use of large and repeated doses in acute rheumatism, but later experience is against their adoption. I formerly us...

Lumbago. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In obstinate cases of ordinary lumbago and local muscular rheumatism, I have ordered the same dose every one or two hours for a short time with excellent results. ...

Erysipelas. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Desault recommended the frequent use of minute doses of antimony in erysipelas, giving 1 gr. dissolved in a quart of water in the course of twenty-four hours. Dr. A. J. Walsh has reported a number of ...

Traumatic Pyrexia. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In febrile conditions resulting from severe injury, antimony has been found useful. Thus, Mr. Denny found it act like a charm in a case of gun-shot wound of the chest with inflammatory reaction, rig...

Acute Inflammations - Orchitis, Tonsillitis. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In minor local forms of inflammation, such as of the breast or testicle, of the tonsil or parotid, or of a varicose vein, the good effect of small doses of tartar emetic is often conspicuous. Dr. Beat...

Purulent And Strumous Ophthalmioe. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In these affections, tartar emetic was a usual remedy some years ago, and doubtless acted by abating local congestion; modern practice, however, places more reliance on the use of topical remedies and...

Acute Eczema. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: When this malady occurs in persons of full habit- especially if also of gouty tendencies - and when pyrexia, severe local irritation, gastric disorder, and loaded urine are present, I have seen much a...

Bronchitis. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Tartar emetic seems to me to exert almost a specific effect on inflamed bronchial membrane. In the case of old people it is useful especially when the cough is convulsive in character, most troublesom...

Pneumonia. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: The proper treatment of this disease has long been a crucial question, and opinions have varied as to the amount of influence possessed over it by antimony. Very much depends upon the time and mode of...

Inflammatory Or True (Membranous) Croup. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In this serious disease antimony often proves useful, especially in the early stages. It first obtained its reputation at a time when spasmodic and catarrhal croup were not well distinguished from the...

Nephritis. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In acute nephritis, whether induced by cold or by fever, antimony has been specially commended by Dr. Bence Jones, Dr. Barlow, and others (Guy's Reports, vol. x.). It would certainly seem, a priori, t...

Spasmodic Croup - Laryngismus Stridulus. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Antimonial emetics have been very strongly recommended to arrest the paroxysms of this malady (Stille), but yet, remembering its clear connection with rachitis and impaired nutrition, tartar emetic is...

Muscular Spasm - Rigidity Of Os Uteri - Colic. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Muscular spasm, such as occurs in dislocations, herniae, etc., may certainly be relieved by emetic or nauseant doses of antimony, and these were, at one time, commonly employed. In difficult labor ...

Constipation. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In obstinate cases connected, in part at least, with deficient intestinal secretion, and occurring especially in old people, small doses of tartar emetic will assist the action of saline purgatives su...

Mania - Melancholia. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: There can be no doubt that the large doses - 12 to 30 gr - formerly given to patients with mental disease, and especially to those suffering from acute or violent mania, served the purpose of quieting...

Puerperal Convulsion. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: For convulsions occurring in vigorous, muscular subjects, with high arterial tension, it is possible that antimony may be sometimes indicated. It has been, with advantage, combined with bromide of pot...

Hypochondriasis - Mental Depression. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: In these conditions antimony has been commended, but can only act favorably through the strongly stimulating effect of emetic doses, and modern practice seldom resorts to this treatment. ...

Epilepsy. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Like so many other medicines, antimony has been applied in the treatment of epilepsy, especially, but not only, in plethoric subjects (Cheyne, Bell, etc., Glasgow Medical Journal, October, 1857, Ranki...

Delirium Tremens. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Though antimony is seldom now prescribed for this condition, the good results obtained from it, by Dr. Peddie especially, require some notice. He speaks of uniform success in upward of eighty cases, t...

Chorea. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: The emetic action of antimony has been utilized for the relief of chorea, and the influence of the remedy has been explained as reflected through the vagus nerve to its central origin in the medulla, ...

Asthma. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Some forms, especially of dry spasmodic asthma, are much relieved by repeated small doses. Dr. Ringer has noted their value in attacks of wheezing and orthopnoea of asthmatic character to which some c...

Emphysema. Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) Treatment: Dr. Koch has found the same salt act well as a nervine and muscular tonic in emphysema; and, according to my experience, it certainly deserves further trial. Contra-Indications General feeblenes...

Silver (Argentum): ARGENTUM - SILVER, Ag, = 108. This metal occurs pure, but more often in alloy, as with lead (galena), or combined with sulphur (argentite), chlorine (horn silver), and with iodine, bromine, etc. ...

ARGENTI NITRAS - NITRATE OF SILVER, AgNO3, = 170: Prepared by crystallization from a solution of pure silver in dilute nitric acid: when fused and solidified in moulds, it constitutes the small pencils known as lunar caustic. Characters And Test...

ARGENTI OXIDUM - OXIDE OF SILVER, Ag2O, = 232: Preparation By precipitation from a solution of the nitrate by means of lime-water. Characters And Tests Occurs as an olive-brown powder: sp. gr. 7.2. It is reduced to the metallic state by a...

Chloride Of Silver, Agcl (Not Officinal). Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Readily obtained by decomposing any silver salt with hydrochloric acid, when it precipitates as a white caseous powder (horn silver): it darkens on exposure, and is soluble only in ammonia and in hydr...

Digestive System. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Small doses of the oxide (1/4 to 1/2 gr.), and still smaller ones of the nitrate of silver (1/8 gr.), are usually well borne by the stomach; but the latter salt produces a metallic, bitter taste in th...

Nervous System. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The main point determined by modern investiga-tion into the action of silver compounds is their special effect upon the nervous system. The best experiments have been made upon animals by hypodermic i...

Respiratory System. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Orfila first described asphyxia as a result of injecting silver nitrate into the veins, and after death he found partial consolidation of the lungs, and excessive secretion in the bronchial tubes (Tox...

Nutrition. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Krahmer concluded from observations on himself, that the presence of silver in the system lessened oxygenation and the excretion of urea, of uric acid, and of the watery constituents of urine; the non...

Warty Growths - Corns. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The use of the stick-nitrate for destruction of these growths is familiar in practice, and is safe and painless, though not very quick in its results, for only a thin layer can be acted upon at each a...

Carcinoma. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: For the removal of cancerous growths, Thiersch has employed injections into their substance of solutions of 1 part of nitrate in 2,000 or 3,000 parts of water; this is followed by a similar injection ...

Poisoned And Dissection Wounds. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In such wounds a liquid and penetrating caustic, like nitric acid or potash, is more thorough in its effects, but nitrate of silver, being portable and at hand, has often been employed with good resul...

Variolous And Other Pustules. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Lunar caustic has proved useful sometimes in aborting purulent formations. The absence of pitting after small-pox being dependent upon the small size and limited inflammation of the pustules, Velpeau ...

Molluscum Contagiosum. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The rounded, white, firm tumors of this malady are efficiently treated by evacuating their contents and applying nitrate of silver to the interior, as above described for variola. ...

Chancre. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Opinions have differed as to the possibility of preventing venereal infection by applications of nitrate to the sore soon after its appearance; authorities in favor of such practice are to be found am...

Granulations. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: A minor degree of the caustic action of nitrate of silver will repress exuberant granulations in wounds; they should be pencilled every day or every second day. 2. Astringent and Alterative. - By t...

Hemorrhage. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In cases of continued oozing from small points in the skin or mucous membranes, such as occurs after leech-bites, a finely-pointed stick of nitrate firmly pressed on the part is a good astringent. In ...

Chronic Cystitis. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: After washing out the bladder, a solution containing 1 to 2 gr. in 1 oz. of distilled water should be injected and allowed to remain for some minutes, or until micturition occurs; this lessens the muc...

Gonorrhoea. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: At the commencement an injection containing 30 or even 60 gr. to the ounce has sometimes succeeded in aborting the malady, but it causes severe pain, and may lead to serious inflammation. In the femal...

Balanitis. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Gonorrhoeal inflammation of the glans penis is effectually treated by the frequent use of a weak lotion (1 gr. in 1 oz.) in addition to light pencilling with the solid stick. ...

Spermatorrhoea. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The treatment by local application of a strong solution to the prostatic urethra in the neighborhood of the openings of the seminal ducts was strongly commended by Lallemand, but his statements are ex...

Leucorrhoea. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Injections of silver nitrate have been found effectual in the vaginal form of this disorder, the strength of application being proportioned to the duration of the malady: a drawback to its use is the ...

Granular Erosion Of Cervix (Formerly Known As Ulceration). Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The nitrate has been much used in this condition, but the solid salt can exercise only a limited influence. In chronic cases, where the part is enlarged, and the epithelium so long absent that the bar...

Ulcerations. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: When an ordinary ulcerated surface is discharging freely, a lotion of moderate strength is usually more suitable than the solid nitrate, because it does not involve confinement of discharge under a li...

Purulent Ophthalmia. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In the ophthalmia of new-born children, and also in the epidemic and the gonorrhoeal forms of the disorder, solutions of nitrate are extremely valuable, though they often cause severe pain for a time....

Ozoena - Coryza. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In chronic nasal discharges, if the bones be not seriously affected, and in ordinary coryza, benefit may be derived from injections of nitrate of silver (2 to 5 gr. in 1 oz.). In the former condition,...

Tonsillitis. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In the early stage of this inflammation - it must be at least before suppuration has set in - a strong solution (30 to 60 gr. to 1 oz.) applied once in twenty-four hours will sometimes abort further p...

Diphtheria. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In diphtheritic inflammation with membranous deposit, I cannot recommend the strong nitrate; if the part be irritated it is more liable to inflame, and if the membrane be roughly detached the absorben...

Edema Glottidis - Chronic Congestion. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: This severe form of oedema is sometimes quite controlled by strong silver-solutions, which may obviate the necessity for scarification or more serious procedures. In chronic laryngeal and faucial cong...

Laryngeal Phthisis. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The solution is, according to my own experience, of much service in the early stage of this disease, and has been recommended by the late Hughes Bennett, Marcet, and Sawyer, but objected to by L. Thom...

Relaxed Throat. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: It is, however, in chronic relaxed conditions of the fauces and pharynx, with dysphagia and constant discomfort, aching in the throat, cough, and hawking of phlegm, that the remedy gives most relief. ...

Chronic Bronchitis. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In cases accompanied with profuse muco-puru-lent discharge, I have often proved the efficacy of a spray containing nitrate of silver. I use only weak solutions - from 1 to 4 gr. in the ounce- and find...

Erysipelas. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The power of the remedy in this disease depends much on the mode of its application; the mere drawing of a line of caustic round the inflamed margin (as sometimes practised) is illusory. The best meth...

Whitlow - Furuncle - Erythema. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: These conditions are sometimes advantageously treated by the method of Higginbottom, but the solution may be made weaker, and nitrous ether employed as the vehicle: it does not dissolve so much as wat...

Eczema. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The use of strong nitrate of silver in eczema should be reserved for chronic patches with much infiltration. Nitrous ether proves the best vehicle, because it dissolves sebaceous or fatty secretions, ...

Burns And Scalds. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In superficial burns the strong solution has been applied, and to deeper injuries, when the true skin is affected, the solid stick has been used with the object both of forming a covering from air, an...

Orchitis - Synovitis. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In these deeper-seated inflammations benefit may be obtained from strong nitrate of silver applied on this principle of counter-irritation. The best position for the application has been much discusse...

Hydrocele. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The solid stick may be applied, for instance, to the interior of a hydrocele-sac after evacuating the contents, but an injection through a trocar is more under control: the object is to excite suffici...

Tumors. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Small cystic or fatty tumors may be cured by inducing moderate suppuration, and one of the best means for this purpose is the injection into their substance of a few drops of solution containing 1 par...

Neuralgia - Sciatica. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Luton applied the deep injection of this salt also to the treatment of these maladies. In sciatica of chronic and obstinate character, 10 to 20 drops of the solution injected deeply near the seat o...

Dyspepsia - Chronic Gastritis - Chronic Gastric Catarrh. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The nitrate and the oxide are both valuable in many of these cases, and in judging of their suitability in a given instance, it is not easy, nor is it essential, to draw a definite line between functi...

Uterine Disorders. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Dr. Hudson and others remarked the great improvement in certain uterine symptoms during the exhibition of silver, and recorded cure of many cases of menorria, of uterine leucorrhoea, and of painful me...

Gastric Ulcer. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In so serious an organic disease, which must, of necessity, often end fatally, it is not surprising if the powers of the silver compounds have been called in question. Cases of marked relief, if not c...

Jaundice. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Dr. Peebles (U.S.) has recorded several cases of jaundice in which rapid improvement followed the use of nitrate of silver given in 3/4-gr. doses twice daily for two to ten days: he attributes its goo...

Chronic Diarrhoea - Dysentery. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: I have obtained great benefit from nitrate and oxide of silver in many forms of these disorders - in serous diarrhoea, in chronic and periodic forms, in diarrhoea after fever, and in that of dysenteri...

Diarrhoea Of Children. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: The nitrate has been recommended by Trousseau, Mauthner, etc. I do not think it advisable for acute cases, for it is uncertain in action, but, in prolonged and obstinate cases, a few doses often act w...

Typhoid Fever. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Dr. Pepper has recorded fifty cases of typhoid fever in which, after the second week, the medicinal treatment was nitrate of silver (1/4 gr.), with small quantities of belladonna and opium; only one c...

Diseases Of The Nervous System. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: It is curious that silver was early appropriated to the treatment of cerebral disorders by the theories of astrology, which associated both the metal and the malady with the influence of the moon: by ...

Epilepsy. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Unless we are wholly to reject past records and the opinion of distinguished physicians, the nitrate has given good results in a large number of epileptic cases. Heim considered it the best of remedie...

Paralysis - Ataxia. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: We cannot speak with any confidence of the power of silver compounds to relieve serious or chronic cases of this kind, though there are not wanting records of improvement, more or less marked, obtaine...

Diphtheritic And Mercurial Palsy. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: A case of the former kind, cured under the use of nitrate, is recorded (American Journal Medical Science, April, 1865, p. 485), but I am not aware of others. Fairly rapid recovery in six instances of ...

Nerve-Debility - Headache. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: In some few cases of nerve-debility and depression connected with overwork, anxiety, or excess, and exhibiting hypochondriacal symptoms - morbid fear, impaired mental capacity, and frequent rather dee...

Various Diseases. Silver (Argentum) Treatment: Other disorders, which may either be called nervous in character, or are connected at least with reflex nerve-disorder, and which the salts of silver have been found sometimes to relieve, are such a...

Arsenic (Arsenicum): ARSENICUM - ARSENIC, As, = 75. The name arsenic is applied by common usage both to the element and to its oxide, which is more correctly termed arsenious anhydride; it it also called white arsenic,...

ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM - ARSENIOUS ACID, OR ARSENIOUS ANHYDRIDE-WHITE ARSENIC, As2O3,=198: Preparation And Characters Arsenious acid is prepared by sublimation from arsenical ores, and condenses in the cooler parts of the retort as a heavy powder, fine and white, like flour; in the hotte...

Liquor Arsenicalis - Arsenical Solution - Fowler's Solution: Preparation By boiling together arsenious acid and carbonate of potash, and adding to the solution (when cold) tincture of lavender, and sufficient water to preserve a proportion of 4 gr. in the ou...

Liquor Arsenici Hydrochloricus - Hydrochloric Solution Of Arsenic: Preparation By boiling arsenious acid with hydrochloric acid and distilled water, preserving a proportion of 4 gr. to 1 oz. (This solution corresponds in strength with liquor arsenicalis; it is nea...

Sodae Arsenias - Arseniate Of Soda: Preparation By heating together arsenious acid, nitrate and carbonate of soda, dissolving and crystallizing. The liquor sodoe arseniatis contains 4 gr. of the anhydrous salt in 1 oz. of distille...

Liquor Arsenici Et Hydrargyri Hydriodatis. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: A solution (not officinal) containing a double iodide of arsenic and mercury, has long been in use under the name of its proposer - Mr. Donovan, of Dublin (1839). It is a pale-greenish colored liquid,...

Tests. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: 1. Sulphuretted hydrogen gives a bright yellow precipitate of arsenious sulphide (As2S3) in acid solutions of arsenious acid or the arsenites. 2. Hume's Test. - Ammonio-nitrate of silver gives a le...

Digestive System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Very small doses, such as 1/30 to 1/15 gr., may be taken for some time without other effects than such as are of stimulant and tonic character - e.g., improvement of appetite, sense of warmth at the s...

Nervous System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The early effects of very small doses are usually tonic in character, there being a general sense of improved power. The same fact was noted when describing effects on the digestive system, and it is ...

Respiratory System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Lesser verified a markedly stimulant effect of small doses, both on the respiratory centre and on the pulmonary terminations of the vagi; large quantities, on the other hand, extinguish nerve-irritabi...

Cutaneous System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In frogs, one effect of arsenic is to cause a ready peeling or stripping of the whole cuticle some hours after hypodermic injection (Ringer and Murrell). In man, small doses, continued for a limited t...

Mucous Membranes. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: We have already noted characteristic arsenical effects upon the membrane of the mouth and intestinal canal. The lips, the nose, especially at its orifice, the anus, and the vulva often become similarl...

Glandular System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Under small doses of arsenic the secretions are increased, especially of those glands by which the drug is eliminated. Increase of quantity of the saliva is exceptional in acute poisoning, but occurs ...

Osseous System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Struck by Wegner's observations on bone-changes under phosphorus, and following up the paper of Maas, On the Influence of Arsenic in Bone-growth, and its Value in Surgical Therapeutics (1872), Th. G...

Genital System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: This system often shares in the general stimulation and irritation induced by small doses of arsenic, as has been noticed in the arsenic-eaters of Styria, and in experiments on animals. Gies especiall...

Urinary System. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The urine is commonly increased in quantity for a time under small doses, but with their continuance renal irritation may be induced, so that the secretion is lessened, and elimination of the drug imp...

Urinary Excretion In Relation To Tissue-Change. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The estimation of urea and other constituents of the urine furnishes important evidence as to the influence of arsenic upon general nutrition and tissue-change, for it is clear that if the principal u...

Pathological Changes. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In cases of acute poisoning, the principal changes occur in the stomach and intestinal tract; redness and inflammation of these parts may be found within a few hours of administration; ulceration is n...

Effects Of Arsenical Wall-Papers. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: It is now clearly ascertained, though the knowledge is comparatively recent, that all the serious symptoms already described may be produced, in greater or less degree, by arsenical emanations from wa...

Parasitic Diseases. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In scabies, and in phtheiriasis, arsenic has sometimes been used, and a lotion containing a small proportion 1 with soft soap and spirit of wine has been much commended: it is painful in application, ...

Lupus - Cancer. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In these maladies the caustic action of arsenic is often extremely valuable, and the powdered drug may be used sufficiently strong to destroy diseased tissue without affecting the adjacent sound skin....

Dental Surgery. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Arsenious acid is in daily use for destroying the nerve-filaments in a tooth-pulp before filling the cavity, and it is still considered one of the best agents for the purpose. It is true that violent ...

Rheumatic Gout. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Baths containing from 15 to 30 gr. of arseniate of soda, with a few ounces of the carbonate of soda, have been well spoken of by Dr. Gueneau de Mussy, as relieving both the pain and the deformity cons...

Intermittent Fever - Ague. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Long used as an empirical remedy for ague, in the East, its more scientific employment dates from Slevogt, of Jena, in 1700.1 Condemned by Baron Storck, it was reintroduced by Dr. Fowler, of Stafford,...

Phthisis. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: For the employment of arsenic in chest diseases we may go back as far as Dioscorides, who states that sandarach (probably the sulphuret) is given to patients suffering with lung-suppuration, and mi...

Struma - Strumous Ophthalmia. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In chronic cases of glandular enlargement, pallor, and anaemia, occurring in subjects with the ordinary evidences of struma, arseniate of soda is often beneficial; it improves appetite and color, seem...

Strumous Cachexia - Lymphoma. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Prof. Bouchut restricted the value of arsenic in glandular disease to cases where this was superficial and limited, and where cachexia was not present, but later experience has proved the remedy to be...

Chlorosis. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In this disease arsenic often acts particularly well, and has been strongly recommended by Isnard. ...

Progressive Pernicious Anoemia. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The remarkable and serious malady now known under this name, and which was first described by Dr. Addison as idiopathic anaemia, has proved sometimes amenable to arsenic. It occurs often, without ap...

Chronic Rheumatism - Chronic Rheumatic Arthritis. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In the condition now designated by the latter term, the value of arsenic has been frequently shown since its recommendation by Haygarth, and the elder Bardsley in Manchester (Medical Reports, p. 32). ...

Snake-Bite. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Among blood diseases we may include this form of blood-poisoning, and although it is difficult to credit arsenic with efficacy in such cases, we must admit not only a long tradition in its favor in In...

Diabetes. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Like most other medicines, arsenic has been tried in this malady, and it has received commendation. Dr. B. W. Foster says that he has seen it act well in improving nutrition and lessening thirst, but ...

Neuralgia. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Arsenic holds a chief place among remedies for neuralgia. Dr. Fowler's original reports contain several conclusive cases, although their relief seems somewhat counterbalanced by the gastric symptoms, ...

Angina Pectoris. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: This malady, even if primarily dependent on calcareous or other degeneration, is mainly a neurosis, and nearly -100 years ago was successfully treated with arsenious acid by Alexander. Philipp and oth...

Spasmodic Asthma - Asthma Nervosum. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In this, the third of the trio of vagus neuroses, Dr. Anstie also records good results, but others had preceded him in this observation. We have already noted its improving the breathing-power of moun...

Chorea. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: From the time of Girdlestone, 1806 - (London Medical and Physiological Journal), there has been a large accumulation of evidence as to the value of arsenic in chorea. Reese, of New York, in 1840, desc...

Tremor - Ataxia. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Allied to the use of arsenic in chorea, is its use (which, however, is much less markedly beneficial) in these nerve-conditions. Tremor may be due to various causes, which are often central and connec...

Congestive Disorders. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The value of arsenic in the following group of cases seems best explained by its power, in small doses, to regulate and equalize the circulation in capillary blood-vessels. ...

Cerebral Congestion. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: As a preventive of apoplexy, the remedy has a traditional, and perhaps not an easily proved, reputation, but one that would be quite in accord with our view of its action. Lemare-Piquot, after relatin...

Cardiac Weakness - Mitral Disease - Venous Congestion. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: For such conditions, arsenic is often found serviceable, and under its use dyspnoea on exertion, the palpitation, the faintness, and the oedema of extremities have all improved. Dr. Papillaud has veri...

Albuminuria. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The influence of arsenic upon this condition is well worthy of further investigation. A case of acute renal anasarca in a woman, aged nineteen, is briefly recorded from Dr. F. Farre's practice (L...

Uterine Congestion. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: This condition may accompany either menor-rhagia or amenorrhoea, and that arsenic may remedy either symptom is, therefore, not contradictory. In the former, the catamenia being too copious and too fre...

Amenorrhoea. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: When this depends upon congestion or torpor of the uterus, or is connected with anaemia or chlorosis, I have known arsenic succeed well, and have several times found that when iron preparations had be...

Hemorrhoids. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: The efficacy of arsenic in this form of venous congestion has been sometimes well shown; thus, in one case, a gentleman had suffered for many years, and had undergone cauterizing and other operations,...

Cutaneous Diseases. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Arsenic is largely used by the profession, almost as a routine remedy, in cutaneous disease, but its value has been variously estimated by specialists of experience. We may exclude at once from its in...

Psoriasis. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: From the time of Girdlestone (1806), Willan and Bate-man, Biett and Cazenave, arsenic has held the first place in the treatment of this malady. Modern dermatologists agree upon this point, but some, a...

Eczema. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In this, which is a catarrhal form of disease, arsenic has not so large a measure of success as in the last mentioned; still it is often very useful, and especially in combination with other remedies....

Pemphigus. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: There is an ephemeral form of this malady in which one or two crops of bullae come out, and subside under mild general treatment; there is also a syphilitic form, mainly congenital, and an epidemic fo...

Alopecia. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: From the effect of arsenic in improving the coat of horses, it has been plausibly thought to have a special power in promoting hair-growth, and certainly after any sources of baldness, such as syphili...

Acne. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In acne it should be the exception to prescribe arsenic. Mr. E. Wilson goes so far as to say that no one having even a rudimentary acquaintance with cutaneous pathology and therapeutics would think o...

Lupus. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: There are differences of opinion as to its value in lupus: Mr. Hunt, for instance, and Mr. Milton esteeming it highly, and recommending its continuous administration for months or years; but others, ...

Herpes Zoster. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Trousseau has observed that the pain in the course of affected nerves, which is often severe and long persistent in the zoster of elderly persons, may be relieved by arsenical medication, though this ...

Epithelioma. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Cases of this disease affecting the lip, the tongue, the scrotum (chimney-sweep's cancer), etc., are stated to have been cured by its internal administration; and although Hirtz concludes that all rep...

Elephantiasis Groecorum (Leprosy). Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Dr. Waring says that for this almost incurable disease arsenic is still highly esteemed in India, and Dr. Benet (formerly of Lahore) records benefit from the Tanjore pill (Gazette des Hopitaux, Decemb...

Disorders Of Mucous Membranes. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Without implying that the following maladies are solely disorders of mucous membranes, it will be found convenient to group them under this heading. The value of arsenic in them is very marked, but is...

Coryza - Bronchial Catarrh - Hay Asthma. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In these disorders, in which a profuse secretion is connected with local irritation, and with generally depressed nerve-power, Fowler's solution is often effectual, and it is especially so in patients...

Chronic Bronchitis. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: I have witnessed marked improvement under the continued internal arsenical treatment of chronic bronchitis, for which cigarettes and inhalations are sometimes even more suitable than ordinary doses. B...

Dyspepsia. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In many cases even of irritative dyspepsia, when the tongue is furred, with red edges and tips, and there is pain after food and heartburn, and tendency to diarrhoea after eating, I have had ample exp...

Vomiting - Diarrhoea. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In chronic forms of vomiting connected with ordinary dyspepsia, and in that of alcoholism which occurs usually in the early morning, and is of a bilious character, with painful straining, arsenic is o...

Chronic Gastric Catarrh. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: In cases of this malady marked by op-pression and discomfort after eating, with a sense of weakness and emptiness at the stomach, thirst, offensive breath, coated and red-edged tongue, flatulence and ...

Cholera Infantum. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: This term has been applied to dysenteric diarrhoea in children, probably because of the collapse so readily induced; The child looks pale and thin, and refuses food, the motions are very frequent and ...

Gastric Ulcer. Arsenic (Arsenicum) Treatment: Not only in chronic inflammation, but in ulceration of the mucous membrane of the stomach, I have seen very beneficial results from arsenic, the appetite returning, and the thirst, the vomiting, and t...

Gold (Aurum): AURUM - GOLD, Au, = 196.6 (NOT OFFICINAL). This king of metals, as it was formerly termed, is found native in the veins of rocks, and as gold-dust or nuggets in the sands of certain plains and ...

Pulvis Auri - Powder Of Gold (Not Officinal): Preparation By triturating gold leaf with some hard crystals, as of potassic sulphate, or with some glutinous substance as honey; and after complete disintegration of the metal, the foreign ingredi...

Compounds of Gold: AURI PERCHLORIDUM - PERCHLORIDE OF GOLD - POTABLE GOLD OF ALCHEMISTS, AuCl3, = 303 (NOT OFFICINAL). Preparation By dissolving the metal in nitro-hydrochloric acid, with gentle heat. On evapora...

Gold: Absorption And Elimination Salts of gold are readily decomposed by organic substances, and they coagulate albumen, but when the soluble chlorides are given internally they become absorbed to some e...

Digestive System. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: Small doses increase appetite and digestive power, and stimulate the secreting organs; but under larger or continued doses, this stimulation readily passes into irritation, and there are often dryness...

Glandular System. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: Salivation has been commonly described as a result of this medicine, and is said to occur after a longer period, and with less marked stomatitis, than when produced by mercury. Martini met with it (pt...

Nervous System. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: The intellectual powers are said to be stimulated by gold somewhat in the same manner as by alcohol. Toxic Effects A peculiar febrile condition - auric fever - including headache and many of t...

Syphilis. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: M. Chrestien, of Montpellier, and later, M. Legrand, have reported many cases of both primary and secondary syphilis cured under the influence of gold, and Trousseau observes that such results are now...

Scrofula. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: Advocates of the medicinal use of gold - especially Niel and Legrand - have spoken strongly of its value in scrofulous disease of the bones, in glandular enlargements, white swelling, goitre, and ev...

Uterine Disorders. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: Noggerath refers to the value of this medicine in amenorrhoea, and in chronic ovaritis, and says it is suitable for cases of the former dependent upon torpor; it should not be given during pregnancy, ...

Chronic Bright's Disease. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: Dr. Bartholow draws special attention to the value of salts of gold in the treatment of granular and fibroid disease of the kidney and depurative disease. He has observed remarkable improvement from...

Dyspepsia. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: Dr. Bartholow is also one of the most decided of modern writers in recommending small doses (1/20 gr.) of the double chloride for nervous dyspepsia, as indicated by a red glazed tongue, epigastric ...

Hemi-Anoesthesia. Gold (Aurum) Treatment: I must not omit to notice the most modern application of gold as a remedy, and that is in its metallic form in metallo-therapy, as developed mainly in Paris by Charcot and others. It seems that rath...

Barium: BARIUM, Ba, = 137.0. A brilliant white metal, not met with in the native state, but abundantly as the base of an alkaline earth called baryta or barytes (an oxide), which occurs extensively as nati...

BARYTA, BaO, = 153: Characters And Tests A grayish-white, earthy-looking substance, heavy, sp. gr. 5.4, of sharp caustic taste and strongly alkaline reaction; sprinkled with water it becomes hot, and slakes with energ...

BARII CHLORIDUM - CHLORIDE OF BARIUM, BaCl22H1O, = 244: Is placed in the appendix as a test for sulphuric acid. Characters And Tests Occurs in translucent soluble crystals, which have a bitter acrid taste. The solution gives with any soluble sulphate...

Digestive System. Barium Treatment: Small doses (1/12 to 1/8 gr.) of the chloride exert a stimulant effect on the stomach-functions, increase the appetite, and often produce loose stools. Larger doses prove irritant or caustic; three gr...

Nervous System. Barium Treatment: The nerve-symptoms caused by toxic doses of barium compounds, are clonic convulsions and motor paralysis, with impairment of reflex excitability. From the slow respiration observed in cases of poisoni...

Glandular System. Barium Treatment: We have not clear evidence of the effect of baryta on this system, but it is presumed to exert some absorptive deob-struent power on inflamed or hardened lymphatic glands. Small doses increase the s...

Depilation. Barium Treatment: Dr. McCall Anderson recommends the sulphide of barium for removing superfluous hair, one part of it being made into a paste with four parts of zinc oxide and a little water; this should be left on the...

Ophthalmia. Barium Treatment: Dr. Pay recommends a collyrium of barium chloride (1 to 2 gr. in 10 oz.) in scrofulous ophthalmiae (Rev. Med., 1840), but it is not now much used. Therapeutical Action (Internal) ...

Scrofulosis. Barium Treatment: Barium chloride was introduced at the end of last century as effective in scrofulous and syphilitic dyscrasiae, in gonorrhoea, white swelling, etc. (Crawford, 1780). Lisfranc and Torget used it in suc...

Epilepsy, Tetanus. Barium Treatment: Hufeland introduced this remedy for epilepsy in scrofulous subjects, but it is now seldom used. Brown-Sequard, however, while reporting against its efficacy, remarks that it may diminish reflex excita...

Bismuth (Bismuthum): BISMUTHUM - BISMUTH, Bi, = 210 - (MARCOSITA). This substance, which is now, like antimony, classed among metalloids, occurs native, and also as an oxide, as a sulphide, and variously combined in me...

BISMUTHI OXIDUM - OXIDE OF BISMUTH - BISMUTHOUS OXIDE - SESQUIOXIDE, Bi2O3, = 468: Preparation By boiling the subnitrate with excess of solution of soda. Characters A smooth, yellowish powder insoluble in water, presumed to be more definite in composition, and more constant...

BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS - SUBNITRATE OF BISMUTH - WHITE BISMUTH - SPANISH WHITE, Bi2O32HNO3, = 546: Preparation The true nitrate (ternitrate), which is crystalline, soluble, and more active and irritant than the subsalt, is formed by dissolving the metalloid in nitric acid, and when this solution...

Liquor Bismuthi Et Ammoniae Citratis-Solution Of Citrate Of Bismuth And Ammonia: Preparation By dissolving purified bismuth in nitric acid, and then adding citric acid and solution of ammonia until the precipitate at first formed is redissolved. (A better form for this preparat...

BISMUTHI CARBONAS - CARBONATE OF BISMUTH, 2(Bi2Co5)H1O, = 1042: Preparation By adding a concentrated solution of bismuth in nitric acid to an excess of carbonate of ammonia in cold solution. Characters And Tests The salt which precipitates is a hydrated o...

Digestive System. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: Bismuth, taken in a pulverulent form, exerts upon the gastric mucous membrane a sedative, slightly astringent effect, similar to that already described as its external action. Taken in a liquid (more ...

Erythema, Eczema. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: In these and allied forms of congestive and inflammatory skin disease, bismuth compounds are often extremely useful, by virtue of their absorbent, astringent, and soothing properties. In erythema and ...

Catarrh - Chronic Discharges. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: Monneret recommended the insufflation of bismuth powders for coryza, and in chronic catarrhal conditions Soubrier used a snuff containing 4 parts of the subnitrate with 8 of liquorice and 30 of iodide...

Dyspepsia. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: According to Monneret, pain arising during digestion, from whatever cause, may be relieved by mixing the subnitrate freely with the food, but more definite indications may be given. Gastric pains de...

Gastro - Uterine Irritation. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: Trousseau undervalued the virtues of bismuth when he held it unsuited for gastric pain connected with leucorrhoea. It has really a special sphere of action in various uterine disorders which induce or...

Diarrhoea. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: In irritative diarrhoea, with red tongue, nausea, heartburn, griping pain, worse after meals, and frequent ill-formed stools, I have found bismuth invaluable. In some persons, mostly women, such a con...

Infantile Diarrhoea. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: When infants at the breast suffer from eructations, sour vomiting, diarrhoea, light-colored papescent stools of bad odor, with crampy pains in the stomach, I have always found bismuth act well. In tha...

Dysentery. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: M. Brassac, of the French naval service, records the best results from bismuth in epidemic dysentery. Finding little or no benefit from small doses, he followed the teaching of Monneret, and beginning...

Cholera. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: In the epidemic at Warsaw, in 1831, it was highly approved by Leo, and in later epidemics at Paris it was commended by Trousseau, and very largely used for the premonitory diarrhoea; at the commenc...

Subnitrate. Bismuth (Bismuthum) Treatment: The dose should depend upon its molecular state. Thus, if it be very dry and likely to become caked together in the stomach, very large doses may not act at all, or may cause irritation, while if mois...

Cadmium: CADMIUM, Cd, = 112. This is a somewhat rare metal, found associated with zinc in nearly all its ores, and obtained from these by distillation. Characters And Tests Tin-white and lustrous, fib...

CADMII IODIDUM - IODIDE OF CADMIUM, CdI2, = 366: Preparation By the direct combination of the metal with iodine in the presence of water. Characters And Tests Occurs in flat, micaceous white crystals, of pearly lustre, which melt at 600°...

Digestive System. Cadmium Treatment: Cadmium compounds, except the sulphide, resemble each other in action. The sulphide, though considered poisonous by van Hasselt, has been given to animals in drachm doses daily for a week, without evi...

Nervous And Circulatory Systems. Cadmium Treatment: Foret has described, in cases of poisoning by cadmium carbonate, besides the symptoms of gastric irritation - giddiness, prostration, loss of consciousness, cramp, and slowing of respiration and heart...

Gonorrhoea - Leucorrhoea. Cadmium Treatment: In these maladies injections of sulphate of cadmium have been used by Lincke, but possess no evident advantage over injections of sulphate of zinc. Preparations And Dose Unguentum cadmii iodidi ...

Lime (Calcium): CALCIUM - LIME, Ca, = 40. Calcium is a grayish-white metal, the basic radical of lime, and its compounds: as a carbonate it occurs naturally in chalk, marble, etc.; as a sulphate in gypsum; as phos...

CALX, CaO, = 56 - LIME - QUICK-LIME: Preparation Lime is commonly prepared from its carbonate (marble or limestone) by heating it to full redness to drive off the carbonic acid. Characters And Tests A grayish-white solid, of sp....

CALCIS HYDRAS - SLAKED LIME, CaH1O2, = 74: Preparation From quick-lime, as already described. Characters And Tests The hydrate of lime, though it can absorb 31 per cent. of its weight of water, remains perfectly dry, and is itself ver...

Liquor Calcis Saccharatus. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Saccharated lime-water is prepared by mixing slaked lime with twice its weight of sugar, and digesting in water for a few hours; it becomes yellowish by keeping; its taste is more caustic and unpleasa...

CALCIS CARBONAS - CARBONATE OF LIME, CaCO3,=100: Three forms are officinal: (1) Creta - chalk - the native, friable, and not pure carbonate; (2) Creta preparata - prepared chalk - the same substance well washed, or elutriated, after being reduced ...

CALCII CHLORIDUM - CHLORIDE OF CALCIUM, CaCl26H1O,=219: Preparation By neutralizing hydrochloric acid with chalk or white marble, and adding to the solution a little chlorinated lime and slaked lime. In the first process carbonic acid is evolved and chl...

Calx Chlorata - Chloride Of Lime - Chlorinated Lime: Preparation By saturating moist slaked lime with chlorine gas- CaH1O2 + 2Cl = H1O + CaOCl2 - but as to its exact constitution there is still some difference of opinion. Many chemists, following Bal...

Vapor Chlori - Chlorine Inhalation. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Prepared by moistening 2 oz. of chlorinated lime with cold water in a suitable apparatus (v. p. 124). ...

Calcis Phosphas - Phosphate Of Lime: Officinal in two forms: (1) os ustum - bone-ash; (2) pure tribasic phosphate. Preparation (1) Os Ustum When bones are calcined in close vessels, the residue consists of earthy salts mixed wit...

Digestive System. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Lime-water and lime carbonates, when taken internally in moderate doses, produce similar local astringent and sedative effects, and act also as absorbents and antacids. The phosphate is a mechanical a...

Nutrition. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: The most interesting point in the physiological action of lime salts is their influence on nutrition, the necessity of phosphate for healthy growth, whether vegetable or animal, being especially evide...

Lime In Potable Waters. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Waters that do not contain lime are flat and insipid, while a proportion of from 7 to even 20 gr. of carbonate in the gallon is compatible with their being good, wholesome, and pleasant (Parkes); such...

Epithelioma. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: A mixture of quick-lime (2 parts) and caustic potash (1 part) is sometimes a useful es-charotic for superficial forms of epithelial cancer; it should be mixed, just before using, with sufficient alcoh...

Chronic Tonsillitis. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: A mixture of equal parts of lime and caustic soda has been recommended under the name of London paste for occasional application to chronic conditions of enlarged tonsil (Mackenzie), but has not com...

Onychia. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Prof. Vanzetti has recommended the application of caustic lime in preference to nitrate of lead for onychia maligna, and has reported two successful cases, in one of which the application was renewed ...

Hay-Fever. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In this malady the vapor evolved from lime chloride has been found serviceable, when the air of the patient's house is impregnated with it as far as possible; the solution should be used as a wash to ...

Croup And Diphtheria. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In the form of a warm, finely atomized spray, solutions of lime (1 in 30) have been much commended as chemical solvents of croupous membrane. Forster, Biermer, and others have shown that such membrane...

Cancrum Oris - Ulcerations. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Applied in substance or in solution, the chloride of lime is a valuable antiseptic and stimulant to fetid discharging surfaces. In cancrum oris, a little of the dry powder may be applied by the finger...

Skin Diseases. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In pustular and erythematous skin diseases, preparations of lime are often very useful. In chronic acne, I have often ordered lime-water, mixed with an equal part of rose-water, and applied three or f...

Hums And Scalds. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Lime-water, mixed with an equal part of linseed-oil (Carron-oii), or better, of olive-oil, was long since commended by Boyle and by Velpeau as a suitable dressing for the early stages of burns in ever...

Chronic Discharges. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In chronic mucous and purulent discharges, lotions and injections of lime-water exert a most beneficial influence, as may be observed in chronic urethritis and in leucorrhoea, syphilitic or otherwise;...

Ascarides. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Rectal injection of a few ounces of lime-water several times repeated is effectual in curing ascarides, and Dr. Price, of Margate, and Kuchenmeister have reported some successful instances of this tre...

Dyspepsia - Vomiting. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: When digestion is accompanied with discomfort and oppression, or with acidity, pyrosis, and flatulence, especially if there be a tendency to diarrhoea, and to acidity of urine, lime-water and the carb...

Intestinal Catarrh - Diarrhoea. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Lime-water and lime carbonate are useful in these conditions, especially if gastro-intestinal acidity be present, as it usually is in young children; the breath is then offensive, the motions frequent...

Bone Disease - Fractures. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Piorry furnishes evidence of the value of phosphates in osteo-malacia, or softening of the bones generally, also in spinal caries or Pott's disease (Gazette des Hopitaux, 1856), and I have certainly...

Struma - Glandular Disease. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Lime-water was long since commended for the treatment of suppurating glands, and of ulcerations, as well internally as locally (Shapter, Pereira). The phosphate was especially found serviceable, thoug...

Anoemia. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In anaemia and debility, the consequence of overwork, of close confinement, etc., Dr. Ringer speaks highly of the phosphate of lime, especially when combined with the carbonate and with iron. ...

Chorea. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Rodolfi has recorded cases of chorea treated by lime chloride, 7 to 15 gr. in twenty-four hours, and finds it suitable for all cases provided that there is no cerebral hyperaemia; improvement began ...

Phthisis - Chronic Bronchitis. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In the early stages of phthisical anaemia and debility, especially in excitable florid persons with tendency to headache and dyspepsia, also when in later stages profuse sweating, or expectoration, or...

Cancer. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Besides the local application of lime-water and lime chlorides to cancerous sores, a power has been claimed for these remedies taken internally to diminish malignant growths; thus, a curious case, in ...

Uterine Disorder - Menorrhagia - Fibroid Tumor. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: There is a general consensus of opinion as to the power of lime salts to relieve uterine hemorrhage. Dr. Rigby published a marked case dependent on fibrous tumor (Medical Times, ii., 1854) treated b...

Uric Acid Deposits - Calculus. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: In these maladies, lime has by no means retained the reputation it formerly held, but may certainly give some relief. The secret remedy of a Mrs. Stephens received so much commendation, that Parliamen...

Diabetes Mellitus. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: Kissel reports two cases cured by lime-water, improvement being for several weeks very slow, but afterward rapid and marked. My own experience, however, has convinced me that this is inferior to many ...

Albuminuria. Lime (Calcium) Treatment: On account of the power of lime salts to dissolve organic membranes, they have been recommended in chronic Bright's disease, and in post-scarlatinal albuminuria to dissolve proteinous infiltrations o...

Cerium: CERIUM, Ce, = 141. This metal, which is not a common one, was discovered by Berzelius, in a Swedish ore called cerite or heavy-stone - a silicate of iron, calcium, lanthanium, didymium, and cerium,...

CERII OXALAS - OXALATE OF CERIUM, Ce23(C2O4)9H1O, = 708: Preparation By mixing a solution of any soluble salt of cerium (e.g., the chloride) with solution of oxalate of ammonia - the oxalate of cerium precipitates. Characters And Tests A white gran...

Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Cerium Treatment: Sir J. Simpson introduced the oxalate of cerium as a sedative tonic resembling bismuth and silver, valuable in irritative dyspepsia and vomiting, especially when dependent on pregnancy (Edinburgh Mo...

Dyspepsia - Gastrodynia. Cerium Treatment: Simpson recommended the oxalate in primary as well as in reflex gastric disorder, and Dr. C. Lee has given instances of its value in pyrosis, in phthisical and atonic dyspepsia; it may be used in the ...

Epilepsy. Cerium Treatment: Dr. Ramskill has recorded two cases of epilepsy preceded by a gastric aura - i.e., a sense of faintness, and of something turning upside down at the epigastrium - which were benefited by the oxala...

Copper (Cuprum): CUPRUM - COPPER, Cu, = 63.4. This metal (which has its name from Cyprus) is now obtained chiefly from the mines of Cornwall, of the Pyrenees, and of Fahlun in Sweden, in the form of a double sulphi...

CUPRI SULPHAS - SULPHATE OF COPPER-BLUE VITRIOL-COPPERAS, OR BLUE STONE, CuSO4,5H1O, = 249.4: Preparation By dissolving copper in sulphuric acid, with the aid of heat, Cu + 2H1SO4, = CuSO4, + 2H1O, + SO2, treating the product with hot water, filtering, and crystallizing. Characters An...

SUBACETATE OF COPPER - VERDIGRIS - AERUGO, Cu(C2H3O2)2CuO: Preparation Manufactured by exposing copper plates to the action of pyroligneous acid. Characters Occurs in powder, or lumps of small crystals, bluish-green in color, of sour odor, and metall...

Digestive System. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In the lower animals, salts of copper seem to be uncertain in their effects, at least when given by the mouth. According to Orfila, vomiting is the earliest and most marked symptom, and Drouard found ...

Pathological Changes. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In animals that had taken copper for a long time Mair observed softening and degeneration of the liver, and in one case of poisoning by the sulphate Maschka attributed the jaundice to fatty degenerati...

Nervo-Muscular System. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: If 3/4 gr. of oxide of copper be injected under the skin of a rabbit, there will quickly follow unsteadiness in walking, which will gradually pass into complete motor paralysis: the respirations and p...

Respiratory And Other Systems. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: There is not much to be said about the special action of copper on other parts of the body, but in the course of acute poisoning, respiration becomes hurried and labored, the pulse small and usually q...

Tinea Tarsi - Trachoma. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In these chronic, recurrent disorders of the eye-lashes and lids, the crusts and muco-purulent discharge, and in severe cases the lashes, should be carefully removed, and a crystal of copper sulphate ...

Aphthous Stomatitis. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Sulphate of copper, either applied lightly in substance, or brushed over the affected part in strong solution, removes the white curdy deposit and induces healing of abrasions and ulcerations about th...

Indolent Ulcer - Rectal Ulceration. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: The solid crystal of the sulphate is a good stimulant to indolent ulcers, and a good caustic for exuberant granulations. Dissolved and used as an injection it is of service in various forms of ulcerat...

Cancer. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: The arsenite of copper is said to be a valuable application for cancerous sores. Mr. Taylor (Liverpool) used it with an equal part of mucilage, and found it a good escharotic, disinfectant, and at the...

Skin Diseases. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In parasitic cases, such as ringworm and scabies, the sulphate of copper has been applied with success: in the former Dr. Graves recommended a wash containing 10 gr. in the ounce, a strength which may...

Gonorrhoea - Leucorrhoea - Gleet. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In these disorders an injection containing sulphate of copper, 1 to 2 gr. in the ounce, is often a useful alternative to injections of zinc or lead, or it may be combined especially with the acetate o...

Bubo. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Good results have been obtained after surgical evacuation of a suppurating bubo, from injecting a weak solution of copper sulphate into the cavity. M. Danielli found this quickly diminish the secretio...

Hydrocele. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: As an injection for hydrocele, 2 to 8 parts of sulphate in 200 to 250 of water have been used with success. Dr. Pereira (Oporto) states that twenty-one out of twenty-five cases were cured with this tr...

Caries - Fistulous Tracts. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Strong stimulating and astringent lotions are sometimes of service in these conditions, especially after the carious bone has been removed or the fistula divided. The liquor Villati has been much us...

Chorea. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Although preparations of copper are not now much used in this affection, I can refer to some very good results from the sulphate in my own experience, and especially in cases connected with taenia and...

Hysteria. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In some cases of hysteria, with general debility, shyness, muscular twitching, etc., marked benefit may be derived from the same treatment. ...

Epilepsy. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: It is probable that of the older cases called epilepsy, and reported as cured by copper, a large proportion were hysterical, but Voisin reports from the practice of Herpin (Geneva) several illustratio...

Spasmodic Asthma. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In cases where there occur well-marked paroxysms, terminating in the ejection of quantities of mucus, small doses of sulphate of copper repeated frequently until vomiting occurs will usually give reli...

Emphysema - Chronic Bronchitis. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: I have seen relief given to the dyspnoea dependent on these conditions by small doses of sulphate of copper continued for some time. I believe it acts partly through the nervous system, and partly lik...

Tapeworm. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: I have often known taeniae dislodged and passed under the use of small doses of the sulphate; about 1/6 gr. in solution is a suitable amount to commence with, and may be given every morning, fasting. ...

Chronic Diarrhoea And Dysentery. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Sulphate of copper is an excellent remedy in these disorders, given in doses of 1/2 to 1 gr., three or four times daily. Elliotson highly recommended it in somewhat larger doses, and generally combine...

Cholera. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In this malady, the sulphate has been considered by some physicians so valuable as to be almost a specific. I cannot place great reliance upon it, though I have sometimes observed it relieve the cramp...

Croup (Laryngo-Tracheal Diphtheria). Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In this malady the sulphate of copper has been highly esteemed, especially by German and French physicians, since its first introduction by Hoffmann; he used it mainly as an emetic, but the question h...

Diphtheria. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In the ordinary form of diphtheria the sulphate of copper has also been found useful by some observers. Dr. W. Squire speaks of it as one of the most effectual emetics, and recommends a solution of 5 ...

Intermittent Fever. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: In obstinate quartans, more particularly, the salt has been commended by Hoffmann, Chapman, and others, in 1/4-gr. doses, combined with opium, but it has not come into general use. ...

Phosphorus-Poisoning. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Bamberger, Eulenburg, and others have recommended the sulphate as an antidote in this form of poisoning, which is not uncommon in Germany; the salt certainly is reduced by phosphorus, and it is suppos...

Syphilis. Copper (Cuprum) Treatment: Aime Martin and Oberlin have recently published the resuits of fifty cases of secondary and tertiary syphilitic affections treated with sulphate of copper; in many of these it is said to have acted mo...

Iron (Ferrum): FERRUM - IRON, Fe, = 56. Iron, the most abundant and the most useful of metals, occurs extensively in the mineral kingdom, its principal ores being either oxides, as the magnetic iron ore, or carbo...

Compounds of Iron: The large number of officinal iron compounds may be with advantage considered in the following order: - The preparations of the metal itself and its oxides; the astringent preparations; and those whic...

Compounds of Iron. Part 2: Tinctura Ferri Acetatis - Tincture Of Acetate Of Iron Preparation By adding an alcoholic solution of acetate of potash to one of persulphate of iron, agitating for an hour, and filtering from th...

Compounds of Iron. Part 3: Ferri Et Quiniae Citras - Citrate Of Iron And Quinine Preparation By dissolving freshly precipitated peroxide of iron and quinine in solution of citric acid, adding ammonia and evaporating to dr...

Compounds of Iron. Part 4: If doubts have been expressed as to the fact of iron absorption, there has been still more controversy as to the mode in which it is effected, and this, indeed, may differ according to the preparation...

Compounds of Iron. Physiological Action: Physiological Action (External) Compounds of iron-with the mineral acids act as caustics, irritants, or simple astringents, according to the kind and strength of preparation used; they are also, to...

Compounds of Iron. Action On Blood: Action On Blood According to Nasse, there exists in 1,000 parts of blood, 0.832 of iron oxide. Haemoglobin contains 0.42 per cent. as a constant quantity; most of it is in direct organic union with...

Oxidizing Power. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: To the metallic element in the corpuscles has been somewhat fancifully attributed an electrical and a polarizing action, and even a power of increasing heat by mechanical friction! There is a general ...

Different Action Of Proto- And Per-Salts. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The important experiments of Blake, so far as they can be practically applied, would point to a marked difference between the action of proto- and per-salts on the blood and the circulation. Injecting...

Digestive System. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Most of the soluble salts of iron have an inky astringent taste, and by continued use, stain the teeth and mouth of a dark color (tannate of iron). Compounds with a mineral acid exert a local astringe...

Secretion. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Astringent preparations will usually lessen the secretions, especially those of the gastro-intestinal tract. Upon the kidney, in health, the effect as to quantity of secretion is not much, but some ir...

Hemorrhage. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The astringent compounds of iron with a mineral acid are excellent local styptics in all forms of capillary hemorrhage, such as from leech-bites, wounded gums, hemorrhoids, bleeding from the nose, etc...

Tonsillar Hemorrhage - Wounds. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Wetherby, of New York, records a very severe case of bleeding from the tonsil (cases which are specially anxious ones, on account of the proximity of the carotid) completely controlled by the applicat...

Hoemoptysis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In various forms of haemoptysis, phthisical and otherwise, preparations of iron are useful if active febrile reaction is not present. For internal use I prefer the acetate, or sometimes the sulphate, ...

Epistaxis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: When this occurs frequently in patients already anaemic, or when the amount of blood lost threatens to bring on anaemia, iron will be found of great value, and especially in the form of acetate or per...

Hoematemesis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: I have frequently treated this form of hemorrhage successfully by means of the perchloride of iron given internally; it has a direct local styptic effect, and in some aggravated cases, when the hemorr...

Intestinal Hemorrhage. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Perchloride is often useful in hemorrhage from the bowel, and I have known it answer well. Several cases, somewhat obscure in character, but recovering under perchloride, are given in Bulletin de Ther...

Hoematuria. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The internal administration of perchloride of iron is not desirable in acute renal congestion, but I have occasionally met with chronic recurrent hemorrhage, apparently from the kidney, the subjects o...

Purpura - Scorbutus. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Iron has sometimes succeeded well in purpura of passive character, but is not of much advantage in the bleeding of true scorbutus. Both the sulphate and the perchloride have cured cases when other rem...

Uterine Hemorrhage. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: All cases of uterine hemorrhage must be carefully considered from every point of view, before resorting to medicinal or local styptic treatment. In a large number of such cases iron is highly useful, ...

Uterine Cancer. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Simpson knew the value of perchloride in relieving the hemorrhage and discharge of cancer, and French surgeons equally proved it. The liq. ferri fort. is exceedingly serviceable, as shown in a good pa...

Villous Growth. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: A severe and obstinate menorrhagia, dependent on this cause, was successfully treated by Breslau with an intra-uterine injection of equal parts of liquor ferri (Bavarian) and water; it was made throug...

Fibroid Tumors. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: If the patient is suffering from marked anaemia and from continued loss when she first applies for advice, considerable relief to the symptom may be given for a time by the internal administration of ...

Puerperal Hemorrhage. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The local application of so excellent a remedy has not been neglected in this - perhaps the most anxious form of hemorrhage with which we have to deal. Sometimes the use of plugs or tampons steeped in...

Intra-Uterine Injections. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Few surgical procedures have more widely and earnestly engaged professional attention of late years than the intrauterine injection of strong ferric solutions. Schreier, of Hamburg, was accustomed to ...

Injections In Aneurism. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In 1852 Pravaz, of Lyons, excited the utmost interest by his discovery of the coagulating powers of ferric perchloride, its effects when injected into the vessels of animals, and its successful use in...

Noevus - Erectile Tumor. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The application of ferric injections to these cases, though often successful, was soon found to require as much caution as in the more serious malady of aneurism. Thirty drops of the tincture injected...

Varix. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Varices, without pain or ulceration, should seldom be interfered with by external treatment; but I have frequently known a very marked improvement in them while patients were under a regular course of...

Hoemorrhoids. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The perchloride is not only frequently of service as a styptic injection into the rectum to relieve bleeding from internal haemorrhoids, but has been used sometimes by direct injection into the tumors...

Relaxed And Discharging Surfaces - Relaxed Throat. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The liquor ferri perchloridi, with a little glycerin added, is a good astringent locally and internally in catarrhal sore throat, and in relaxed conditions of fauces with mucous secretion: also in the...

Leucorrhoea. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In catarrhal and relaxed conditions of the vaginal mucous membrane, injections containing about 1 dr. of the tincture, or 10 gr. of sulphate of iron in each 1/2 pint of water, are often useful, but th...

Gonorrhoea. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In the chronic stages of urethral inflammation, sulphate of iron forms a good injection. I recommend about 12 gr. with 1/2 oz. of laudanum, in 8 or 10 oz. of water - a little to be used three times a ...

Phagedoenic Ulceration. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The combined internal and external use of tinct. ferri perchloridi is advised by Ricord (Medical Times, i., 1859). Roget adduced instances of it curing chancre when applied early, and he maintained th...

Spermatorrhoea. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: For seminal losses occurring in the young and debilitated, tincture of iron is of great use; it should be given in full doses twice daily, and preferably not at night; plenty of outdoor exercise shoul...

Enuresis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: When this occurs in scrofulous children, or in those affected with worms, the perchloride or phosphate of iron gives ready help. One teaspoonful of Parrish's food, twice daily, in water, is an excelle...

Vesical Catarrh. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: There can be no doubt that iron has a special determination to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract, and my own experience, as well as that of others, has proved its great value in catarrhal affec...

Purulent Ophthalmia. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Bathing with ferric lotions and painting with the tinct. ferri have proved useful in chronic purulent conditions of the conjunctiva, and similar treatment has sometimes dispersed corneal opacities and...

Skin Diseases. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In congestive and exudative forms of skin disease much benefit may be obtained from the tincture of iron; thus, severe pruritis may be relieved by it (Lancet, ii., 1874, p. 715). In a case of chronic ...

Herpes. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Baudon found immediate good results from painting the vesicles of herpes with tinct. ferri perchlor, and glycerin; he recommended opening the larger vesicles for the application, but Gressy obtained e...

Ringworm. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The local use of iron in ringworm is an old practice, which has been recently revived (British Medical Journal, i., 1877). After cleansing the part, tincture of perchloride may be painted upon it thre...

Onychia - In-Growing Nails. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Very successful results have been obtained by using the perchloride locally; for instance, a delicate girl, who had suffered for several years and undergone removal of the nail and most ordinary modes...

Necrosis Of Bone. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Injections of perchloride have a good effect in chronic sinuses; sometimes they act better when manganese is added (British Medical Journal, ii., 1871). ...

Ulcerations. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In chronic indolent ulceration the perchloride is a good stimulant; also the carbonate, finely powdered, has been applied in substance to old and excavated ulcers of the leg, and with good bandaging h...

Hospital Gangrene. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The perchloride and Monsel's solution have been largely used as local applications, especially in military practice. Sal-leron gives a very favorable report of these from experience in the Crimean hos...

Polypus - Tumor. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The perchloride has been applied, it is said successfully, to the cure of polypus nasi by injections, and by continued contact [Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1861). It has been injected also in...

Erysipelas. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Preparations of iron have been largely used, both externally and internally, in the treatment of this malady. A strong ointment or lotion of the sulphate (about 1 in 4) was recommended by Velpeau afte...

Diphtheria. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: This malady is clearly allied to erysipelas, and has been successfully treated by the same preparations of iron, both locally and internally. Some of the earliest observers recommended the application...

Scarlatina - Scarlatinal Angina - Variola. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In many of these cases I have used the perchloride internally, and applied it to the throat mixed with equal parts of glycerin and water, or through an atomizer, with satisfactory results, but I recom...

Rheumatism, Acute And Subacute. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: To ascertain the value (or the reverse) of iron in acute rheumatism, I must refer rather to the experience of others than to my own. Petrequin seems to have been the first to use it, and he reported m...

Chronic Rheumatism. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Ferrum is useful in primary chronic rheumatism, also in cases when the patient is much reduced in strength and flesh after an acute attack; it should be continued for some time, for its favorable effe...

Rheumatoid Arthritis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Dr. Garrod recommends iodide of iron in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis, especially when the joint-pains are increased by the heat of the bed. I have tried it, but have not myself seen good resul...

Anoemia. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The various preparations of iron form our most dependable remedies in ordinary and simple cases of anaemia and chlorosis, and indeed their good effects are usually so evident that iron was, at one tim...

Chlorosis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The relationship of chlorosis to anaemia is not exactly clear, but it has this in common with it - that the number of red corpuscles is diminished, and that those which are visible are mostly small, s...

Anoemia Of Pregnancy. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: We consider iron not a direct, but an indirect emmenagogue, by virtue of its improving the blood-condition; but since the continued use of the mineral can cause congestion of the pelvic, as well as of...

Phthisis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: A great deal of fear has been expressed about the use of iron in this malady, and it has been said by eminent observers to hasten and aggravate its course, especially when given in full doses and in t...

Chronic Bronchitis - Emphysema. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In chronic bronchitis, with profuse expectoration, I have found iron compounds, especially the perchloride and the phosphate, often useful; besides improving the general health, they lessen the amount...

Cardiac Disease. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Cardiac pain and dyspnoea may often be relieved by iron preparations, which act probably in an indirect manner - i.e., by improving the blood in the first instance, hence their advantage is seen most ...

Serous Effusions - Dropsy. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Iron acts powerfully in dropsy resulting from a state of anaemia or hydraemia of the system, and good effects may be obtained from 3 to 5 gr. of ferrum redactum taken at meal times, or 15 to 30 min. o...

Albuminuria. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The astringent preparations of iron are often exceedingly useful in controlling the loss of albumen by the urine: we must remember, however, that it is also possible to do harm by these remedies in re...

Chyluria. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The perchloride of iron has sometimes proved very useful in cases of this kind, even when they have lasted for several years (Lancet, ii., 1862). ...

Diabetes. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Carbonated iron waters are much esteemed as adjuvants in the management of diabetes; and Dr. Mackey informs me that the bromide of iron, or rather a combination of bromide of potassium and citrate of ...

Dyspepsia. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Although iron is contra-indicated in cases of acute and irritative dyspepsia and mal-assimilation, yet certain forms of atonic dyspepsia which are connected with debility and impaired blood-conditio...

Diarrhoea. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In simple cases, occurring in weakly children, and continuing after preventable causes have been removed, the vinum ferri is a mild but very useful astringent tonic, which is often sufficient both to ...

Dysentery. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: I cannot recommend iron preparations during the acute stage of dysentery, for I believe there are much better remedies, but some practitioners have found iron valuable. Bandon reports twelve cases suf...

Cholera. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Iron is one of the numberless remedies recommended for cholera, but I have very little personal experience of its use: it would, of course, not be depended upon alone, and Robiquet has reported a numb...

Nervous Disorders - Hypochondriasis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The nervous system naturally suffers when it does not receive a due supply of healthy blood: depression and a sense of oppression will be felt, and hysterical and hypochondriacal symptoms will be more...

Dipsomania. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Morbid craving for drink, and alcoholic insomnia, have been controlled by drachm doses of tincture of iron when many other remedies have failed (Medical Times, i., 1875). The sulphate has also given r...

Neuralgia. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Before the introduction of many modern remedies for neuralgia, large doses of the carbonate or oxide of iron were much relied upon, and when there is a chlorotic anaemic condition of system they are o...

Chorea. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: When this disorder is dependent upon anaemia, iron is clearly indicated, and may prove of great service, as it did in the hands of Elliotson, who used large doses of oxide (Medical Times, i., I869, p....

Epilepsy. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: Ferruginous medicines were at one time esteemed in the treatment of epilepsy or of attacks resembling it, but as diagnosis became more exact, and as more reliable remedies were discovered, iron passed...

Constitutional Syphilis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: This malady, like all others in which a poisonous material circulates in the blood, much impairs the condition of that fluid, rendering the corpuscles fewer, smaller, and paler; and, in such cases, ir...

Struma - Rachitis. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: In the different forms of disease included under these headings, and characterized by enlarged or suppurating glands, irritable mucous membranes, caries, and swelling of knee and elbow joints, emaciat...

Worms. Iron (Ferrum) Treatment: The astringent tonic effect of perchloride on the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, renders it a good adjunct to purgative treatment for these parasites, and a useful prophylactic. When diluted, it m...

Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver): HYDRARGYRUM - MERCURY - QUICKSILVER, Hg,=200. Mercury is most frequently found in combination with sulphur, as native sulphide or cinnabar, in mines in Almaden, Ydria, China, Peru, Japan, and Calif...

Compounds of Mercury: HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDUM - CALOMELAS - MERCURIUS DULCIS - SUBCHLORIDE OF MERCURY, OR MERGUROUS CHLORIDE - CALOMEL, Hg2Cl2, = 471. Preparation (1) Ten parts of sulphate of mercury are triturated w...

Metallic Mercury. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The question whether mercury can be absorbed in its metallic state, either by the skin or the digestive tract, has scarcely yet passed from the region of debate, and contradictory facts have been alle...

Calomel. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Calomel being not only insoluble, like metallic mercury, in ordinary liquids, but being also non-volatile, there has been still more speculation as to how it could reach the current of the circulation...

Corrosive Sublimate. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The absorption of corrosive sublimate may be realized without much difficulty, because it is soluble in ordinary fluids; an albuminate of mercury may form in the stomach, but is probably not absorbed ...

Elimination. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Although we cannot state positively the form in which mercury circulates or is deposited within the system, whether in a volatile form at first, or as very finely divided metal, or oxide, or as an alb...

Mercury Treatment. Continued: Physiological Action (External) The local action of mercury varies according as to whether the metal itself is used, or one of its soluble or insoluble compounds, and of course according to the str...

Nutrition. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Nutrition is so closely connected with haematosis that we shall be prepared for the modern observations that it also may be improved by small doses of mercury. Keyes found this to be the case - the we...

Digestive System. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Small (therapeutical) doses of any preparation are usually well borne by the stomach. Rabuteau cites cases where many hundred pilules of proto-iodide have been taken in the course of one to three year...

Glandular System, Liver. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Most of the glandular organs are liable to become congested, and stimulated under the influence of mercury. This has been noted not only of the salivary glands as already described, but also of the pa...

Genito-Urinary System. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Women affected with mercurialism are liable to abort (Colson, Lize), yet it is equally proved that syphilitic women should be treated with medicinal doses, for in such doses mercury may save them from...

Nervous System. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: From the medicinal use of mercury we seldom see definite effects on the nervous system, beyond a temporary malaise, chilliness, depression, or erethism; the severe symptoms of neuralgia, tremor, convu...

Cutaneous System. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: We have spoken of the local irritation that may be excited by mercurial frictions. There may be merely erythema with much itching, or an eczematous (vesicular) rash, or even erysipelas and gangrene (S...

Osseous System. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: A form of periostitis occurs sometimes during a course of mercury, and it has been a question whether this is due to the remedy or to the malady (syphilis), for which it is commonly prescribed. Pereir...

Treatment Of Mercurial Poisoning (Acute). Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: By an emetic of ipecacuanha, if necessary, the poison should be as far as possible removed, and then albuminous demulcent drinks freely administered. The white and yolks of raw eggs with milk are very...

Phtheiriasis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: When pediculi infest the head or the clothing, ointments containing the red oxide, or the ammonio-chloride (white precipitate), will often suffice to cure, and have the advantage of being free from un...

Tinea Tonsurans - Pityriasis - Favus. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The parasitic growths upon which these unsightly maladies depend are destroyed by lotions containing 1 or 2 gr. of corrosive sublimate in the ounce, which should be applied once or twice daily after c...

Other Skin Diseases. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In many non-parasitic forms of skin disease, mercurials are useful locally; sometimes by a resolvent action or quickening of the functions of the absorbents; sometimes by stimulating the epithelial ...

Eczema - Herpes. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In the acute inflammatory stages of eczema mercurials are usually unsuitable as being irritant, but Dr. Spender speaks highly of the use of lotio hydrarg. nigra in eczema rubrum: he adds glycerin, and...

Erythema - Ephelides (Freckles). Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Many cosmetic waters owe their efficacy to a minute proportion of sublimate, or to an albuminate of mercury. M. Hardy's formula for the treatment of freckles contains lead acetate and zinc sulphate of...

Acne. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The last formula is suitable for many cases of acne when sulphur would not be well borne; but the pustules of this disorder may often be aborted with still more satisfactory results by means of the ac...

Psoriasis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The application just described (of acid nitrate) has been recommended also for chronic patches of psoriasis, and especially for such as occur along the forehead at the roots of the hair, but it should...

Prurigo - Chronic Lichen - Pruritus. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In all itching papular erup-tions, hot dilute solutions of the perchloride are likely to give relief. Trousseau recommends a strength of 12 gr. to the pint, and justly lays stress upon the importance ...

Erysipelas - Eruption Of Small-Pox. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Evidence may be found both for and against the use of mercurial ointment (ung. hydrarg.) in these conditions (Stille). The application cannot be depended on for the arrest of erysipelas, but it has so...

Inflamed Lymphatics - Adenitis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: When the parotid, the testis, or the mammary gland is inflamed, gentle frictions with mercurial ointment, or applications of it on lint, are suitable: in chronic superficial glandular swellings result...

Serous Effusions - Pleurisy - Hydrocele. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: I have not been able to satisfy myself of distinct benefit from mercurial frictions in pleuritic or pericardial effusions, though they have been considered useful by others: in hydrocele in children K...

Goitre (Cysto-Adenoma Of The Thyroid Gland). Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In true goitre, as distinguished from fibroid or purely cystic enlargements, an ointment of the red iodide of mercury succeeds, according to the large Indian experience of my colleague, Mr. Macnamara,...

Splenic And Glandular Enlargements. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Mr. Macnamara has also found the ointment of red iodide of mercury useful in the treatment of spleen, meaning the chronic enlargement resulting from ague or malaria (ague cake): he gives at the s...

Inflamed Joints. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In any persistent articular inflammations, whether traumatic, gouty, or rheumatic, mercurial ointments or oleates are useful applied with friction two or three times daily. Mr. Scott (Bromley) earned ...

Ulcerations - Whitlow. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In chronic indolent or suppurating sores, even when non-specific, the black or yellow lotions containing the respective oxides are very good applications - the ointment of the red oxide is a valuabl...

Syphilitic Ulcerations And Eruptions. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: It is in these forms of disease that the efficacy of mercurial lotions and ointments is the most marked. For condylomata, calomel with astringents is a good dusting powder, but the acid nitrate, light...

Epithelioma - Lupus. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Cases of epithelioma have been cured by repeated painting with the acid nitrate of mercury, the morbid growth being destroyed in layers (Gay: British Medical Journal, i., 1862); and this mode of treat...

Diseases Of Mucous Membrane - Syphilitic Throat, Tongue. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In ulcerative conditions due to syphilis, gargles of black-wash or applications of calomel in substance are most useful: more active effects are, however, to be obtained from painting with dilute ac...

Inflammatory Diseases. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: From the time that Robert Hamilton described his successful treatment of inflammation by calomel and opium (Duncan's Commentaries, 1764) down to perhaps twenty or thirty years ago, mercury in some f...

Meningitis, And Cerebral Disorders. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The principal difficulty in judging of the effects of mercury in meningitis, and of the relative value of recorded cases, lies in the uncertainty of diagnosis. Cases of cerebral congestion, in childre...

Chronic Hydrocephalus. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Of this disease, Golis recorded a large number of cures under 1/4 to 1/2 gr. doses of calomel twice daily, and mercurial inunctions of the scalp, but his results were not confirmed by other observers....

Pericarditis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: To treat this inflammation without mercury would, a generation ago, have been reckoned almost criminal, and men no less eminent than Graves and Stokes have left their emphatic testimony in its favor -...

Endocarditis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In rheumatic endocarditis, on account of the still more serious issues involved in exudation and adhesion, more advocates are to be found for the use of mercury in the hope, at least, of controlling s...

Pleuritis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Fuller and Walshe may be named among modern advocates of mercurial treatment in pleurisy, but for the acute stage I cannot see its advantage, since aconite, salines, belladonna, or morphia, with suita...

Peritonitis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Velpeau was the great advocate for a thorough mercurial treatment of this inflammation, and by enormous doses of calomel used concurrently with inunctions, he expected so to alter the blood in a few h...

Pneumonia. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In the early stages of acute pneumonia, formerly treated by calomel and antimony, I cannot recommend mercurials, but the time for using them with advantage is when secondary fever arises, and there is...

Bronchitis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In acute cases, with much congestion of mucous membrane and scanty expectoration, small doses of perchloride are often useful. In certain cases narrated by Thorowgood, blue pill with squill was given ...

Coryza. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In ordinary coryza, especially when there is much sneezing, I have often found small doses of gray powder cure more quickly than any other remedy. Catarrh affecting the Eustachian tube is also well tr...

Diphtheria - Croup (Laryngeal Diphtheria). Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Stille, after giving many authorities in favor of the mercurial treatment of diphtheritic disease, says himself that it appears urgent that the system should be brought under mercurial influence as s...

Tonsillitis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In ordinary tonsillitis, and even in suppuration about the fauces, I have seen much advantage from small doses of hydrarg. c. creta. In early stages of quinsy, in ulcerated sore throat, and even in th...

Scarlatina. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The small doses of hydrarg. c. creta just mentioned I have found equally useful in the severe specific sore throat of scarlatina, especially when the cervical glands and adjacent cellular tissue are i...

Morbilli. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Half-grain or quarter-grain doses of gray powder given every four hours will also control the catarrhal symptoms of measles: when the conjunctivae and mucous lining of the nose, mouth, and throat are ...

Variola. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: When the eruption is passing into the pustular stage, and when secondary fever is setting in, I can recommend 1/2-gr. doses of hy-drarg. c. creta every three to four hours, for a few days. Unless the ...

Enteric Fever. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: We need not here refer to the older method of treating this fever by repeated purgative doses of calomel (v. Stille), a method not now advocated; but several eminent physicians abroad - Traube, Wunder...

Puerperal Fever. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Traube has also revived mercurial treatment in some cases of this disease - not for the general blood-poisoning - but at the commencement, when phlegmonous inflammation is spreading from the uterus, a...

Erysipelas. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In many cases of phlegmonous erysipelas, especially when occurring in strumous subjects, I have found the internal administration of corrosive sublimate distinctly useful. ...

Syphilis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In 1497 Gilinus first employed mercury in the treatment of the then epidemic of syphilis, borrowing his practice from that of the Arabians in skin diseases, and using only external applications, by fr...

Scrofula. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Not only in syphilitic, but also in scrofulous diseases, small doses of mercury are useful. I know that this is not so commonly recognized, but 1/2 or 1-gr. doses of hydrarg. c. creta twice daily will...

Hepatitis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Annesley recommended in this inflammation, large doses of calomel to the production of salivation, which he looked upon as derivative, and no doubt at one time, as Maclean observes, faith in calome...

Cirrhosis. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Monneret has strongly recommended moderate doses of blue pill in cirrhosis with dropsy (Archives Gen., September, 1851), stating that after the numerous stools and copious sweatings induced, effusions...

Hepatic Congestion - Constipation. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In torpor, or subacute congestion of the liver, marked by coated tongue, yellowish countenance, headache, nausea, depression, light-colored stools, etc., a moderate mercurial purge, especially with a ...

Vomiting. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In some forms of obstinate vomiting, dependent upon disordered stomach, with hepatic congestion, 3 to 5 gr. of calomel in pill or powder, have a most beneficial effect. The dose should be followed aft...

Infantile Diarrhoea. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: When the motions are green, curdled, watery, and offensive, small doses (1/4 gr.) of gray powder act very well, especially when combined with bismuth, and the same powders are useful when curdled milk...

Dysentery. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: In acute dysentery, with violent pain, severe prostration and frequent muco-sanguineous stools, small doses of corrosive sublimate, given at short intervals, commonly relieve in a few hours, and almos...

Cholera. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Dr. Maclean equally objects to any preparation of mercury in cholera, as useless in collapse and dangerous when reviving (Lancet, 1866), but although I am not myself an advocate for the calomel trea...

Intestinal Worms. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: Calomel is a very suitable vermifuge in cases of ascarides. Both the round and the thread worms are expelled under the influence of 2 to 5 gr., which may be given early in the morning and followed in ...

Inunction. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The patient should be prepared for a course of mercurial inunction by simple dieting and by warm baths: and during it should be clothed in flannel and avoid exposure. When making the frictions himself...

Hypodermic Injection. Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Treatment: The best form for this purpose has been much discussed; Lewin, one of the first to recommend it, used 5 milligr. of corrosive sublimate, but this is too much. Dr. Walker gave 1/30 gr. in 10 minims of ...

Lithium: LITHIUM, L, = 7. This metal has not been found native. It occurs in the mineral kingdom as an oxide, chloride, silicate, or fluoride with potassium and aluminium (the lepidolite or rose mica of Boh...

Compounds of Lithium: LITHIA - OXIDE OF LITHIUM, L2O, = 30. Characters And Tests Occurs in white granules, forms salts with acids, and has a high power of saturation, 15 parts neutralizing as much acid as 41 of soda ...

Digestive System. Lithium Treatment: Lithia salts act much like the alkalies upon the gastric secretions, - the carbonate especially is a direct antacid. Small doses are readily borne, but doses of 30 to 50 gr. of carbonate - such as wer...

Nervous System. Lithium Treatment: Lithia is said to depress the general nerve-power, and a slight degree of tremor or twitching has been sometimes noticed under its continued use, but I am not aware of any serious effects of this kind...

Urinary System. Lithium Treatment: The quantity of urine is generally increased under lithia, but analyses are not uniform as regards solid urinary products. Thus, M. Levy, using the bromide of lithia in gouty subjects, found the excre...

Gouty Concretions - Stiff Joints. Lithium Treatment: These may often be well treated by a lotion containing about 5 gr. of any soluble lithia salt in the ounce of rose-water, kept constantly applied on lint, covered with oiled silk. I have generally com...

Gout. Lithium Treatment: The treatment of gout varies somewhat, according to the acuteness or otherwise of the attack. During acute gout, lithia is often useful as an adjuvant or an alternative to alkalies, colchicum, etc., b...

Uric Acid Gravel - Calculus. Lithium Treatment: When this occurs, independently of distinct gouty attacks, lithia salts, amply diluted, often act well, rendering the gravel soluble and the urine clear. According to the observations of G. de Mussy...

Gouty And Other Neuroses. Lithium Treatment: In the forms of irritative or melancholic nerve-disorders which sometimes accompany the uric acid diathesis, and in some forms of hysteria, the bromide of lithia promises to be extremely useful. The o...

Epilepsy. Lithium Treatment: In true epilepsy, bromide of lithia was used by M. Levy and by Dr. Weir Mitchell. The latter physician found that it was determined to the skin much like other bromides, but it proved a better hypnoti...

Acute And Chronic Rheumatism. Lithium Treatment: I have used lithia salts in these disorders, but with indifferent result. ...

Croup And Diphtheria. Lithium Treatment: Foerster, of Dresden, has recommended inhalation of a vaporized solution of carbonate of lithia as a solvent of the false membranes in these diseases. Preparations And Dose Lithioe carbonas: dos...

Magnesium: MAGNESIUM, Mg, = 24. This metal is not found native, but may be isolated by decomposing its chloride with potassium or sodium. In combination it is widely diffused, a carbonate occurring in magnesi...

Compounds of Magnesium: MAGNESIUM OXIDE - MAGNESIA - MAGNESIA LEVIS-LIGHT MAGNESIA, MgO, = 40. The two oxides, identical in composition, differ in the arrangement of their molecules, and, consequently, in their weight. ...

Digestive System. Magnesium Internal Treatment: Magnesia and its carbonate act as direct antacids and local sedatives; also, when given in powder, as mechanical absorbents. A dose of 30 gr. and upward, given to an adult under conditions favorable f...

Urinary System. Magnesium Treatment: Magnesia has sometimes caused the solution of uric acid deposits when alkalies have failed to do so, and Mr. Brande pointed out that it could render the urine alkaline, more permanently, if more slowl...

Glandular System. Magnesium Treatment: Some observers have attributed to magnesia an alterative action, and Grange, Bouchardat, and others state that its habitual use, as in drinking water, will cause goitre. Some support is given to this ...

Magnesia As An Antidote To Arsenic, Cobalt, And Phosphorus. Magnesium Treatment: Magnesia forms a rather insoluble salt with arsenious acid, and is ordered in the German Pharmacopoeia as part of the officinal antidotum arsenici. 1 1 Seven parts of magnesia mixed with 120 part...

Dyspepsia. Magnesium Treatment: In acidity, pyrosis, and allied symptoms of irritative dyspepsia, such as heartburn, flatulence, colic, or constipation, magnesia and its carbonate are very useful, and their efficacy may be increased...

Acidity And Diarrhoea Of Children. Magnesium Treatment: The mild antacid and laxative action of magnesia, and its slight taste, render it a very suitable remedy for the acidity of stomach which so readily occurs in children; it is valuable both when consti...

Constipation. Magnesium Treatment: In the constipation of delicate persons, especially of pregnant women, also of those subject to gout or rheumatism, hemorrhoids, or other rectal affections, magnesia is a valuable mild laxative; if re...

Obstruction. Magnesium Treatment: In cases of intestinal obstruction dependent upon hardened faeces, full doses of the sulphate, freely diluted and given every four hours, often succeed well; sometimes the action may be favorably assi...

Plumbism. Magnesium Treatment: In cases of colic and constipation dependent upon lead-poisoning, sulphate of magnesia is a valuable agent; it should be used in conjunction with iodide of potassium, and Dr. Lauder Brunton has well s...

Jaundice. Magnesium Treatment: Although the sulphate has no specific cholagogue action, it is a very suitable aperient in cases of jaundice. Dr. Budd recommends it in combination with the carbonate and aromatics, but I generally pr...

Diarrhoea. Magnesium Treatment: In intestinal irritation and diarrhoea dependent upon unwholesome food, and especially stone-fruit, sulphate of magnesia is a good evacuant, because it produces so little irritation. In cases of sever...

Enteritis - Dysentery. Magnesium Treatment: Dr. H. Wood speaks of the sulphate of magnesia as the best aperient in enteritis and colitis, when one is required: (usually treatment by opium is to be preferred). In true dysentery there is much ...

Hemorrhage. Magnesium Internal Treatment: Sulphate of magnesia is a valuable adjunct to astringent remedies for hemorrhage, because it helps to lessen arterial tension and capillary congestion at the same time that it obviates constipation. I...

Dysmenorrhoea. Magnesium Treatment: In delayed and obstructed menstruation, when the discharge is scanty, dark, and of glutinous character, I have long prescribed the carbonate of magnesia with beneficial results, and especially when th...

Lithiasis - Uric Acid Diathesis. Magnesium Treatment: The power of magnesia to dissolve uric acid and to lessen its formation, whether directly or indirectly, has already been mentioned. Among other instances, Mr. Brande records that of a man, aged sixty...

Chronic Gout. Magnesium Treatment: Magnesia, in combination with its sulphate, and sometimes with colchicum in addition, was largely used by Sir Charles Scudamore, and with satisfactory result. It is especially adapted for the gastric ...

Diabetes. Magnesium Treatment: In this malady, magnesia has been found useful by Hufe-land, Willis, and others. It can only be considered as a palliative of some symptoms. ...

Warts. Magnesium Treatment: Several curious observations have been recorded to the effect that warts disappear after a few weeks' use of carbonate of magnesia. ...

Irritant Poisoning. Magnesium Treatment: As already mentioned, magnesia carbonate forms nearly insoluble compounds with arsenic and cobalt, and besides being used as an antidote to those poisons, it has been given with more or less success i...

Compounds of Manganese: MANGANESII OXIDUM NIGRUM - BLACK OXIDE OF MANGANESE, MnO2, = 87. Characters And Tests Occurs in brilliant needle-shaped crystals, or in compact masses, but is usually met with in the shops as a ...

Manganesii Oxidum Preparatum (Not Officinal). Magnesium Treatment: The prepared oxide is obtained by digesting the powdered black oxide in dilute hydrochloric acid for twenty-four hours, then levigating and drying. MANGANESII SULPHAS - SULPHATE OF MANGANESE, MnSO4...

Nervous System. Magnesium Treatment: Certain nerve-phenomena, whether direct or indirect, are determined by manganese salts. Toxic doses cause death with convulsions, and 1/2 to 1 gramme injected into the veins of rabbits or dogs produce...

Digestive System. Magnesium Treatment: The saccharated carbonate of manganese has no peculiar taste, the sulphate is styptic, metallic, and disagreeable. Small doses (5 to 10 gr.) of these salts are said to promote appetite and digestion, ...

Hemorrhage. Magnesium Treatment: The chloride of manganese and iron has been used by M. Petrequin, in preference to the simple perchloride of iron, as a local haemostatic; and in Italy it has been applied to necrosed bone, and inject...

Skin Diseases. Magnesium Treatment: The same remark applies to the use of an ointment made with the oxide of manganese (3 ij. to 3 j. adipis), which has been recommended in scabies and ringworm, and, combined with sulphur, in porrigo. ...

Anoemia - Chlorosis. Magnesium Treatment: Manganese was introduced into practice mainly by M. Hannon, of Brussels, with special reference to the treatment of these conditions. He argued that, during digestion, sulphuretted hydrogen is formed,...

Hepatic Disorder. Magnesium Treatment: I have already mentioned that Mr. Ure found 1 to 2 dr. of the sulphate act as a cholagogue purgative (Pereira), and Dr. Goolden gave it in cases of enlarged liver with dark or pale stools, and jaundic...

Gastrodynia - Pyrosis. Magnesium Treatment: Dr. Leared found that purified oxide of manganese had decided power in relieving these disorders; he describes epigastric pain, severe and radiating, coming on not immediately, but soon after food, wo...

Lead (Plumbum): PLUMBUM - LEAD, Pb, = 207. This metal, rarely found in its native state, occurs more often combined with sulphur or oxygen. Its commonest ore is galena, a glistening gray sulphide, PbS, from which ...

Compounds of Lead: PLUMBI OXIDUM - OXIDE OF LEAD - LITHARGE, PbO, = 223. Preparation By roasting lead ores with access of air, when the oxide is formed in a melted state, and separates on cooling. Characters An...

Digestive System. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: The acetate and subacetate of lead are the only salts of this metal given internally, and the effect of moderate medicinal doses upon the intestinal tract is to diminish its secretions and to occasion...

Acute Poisoning. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: After a dose of from 1 to 2 oz. the symptoms begin quickly with the characteristic taste of the drug, followed, perhaps, in a quarter of an hour by burning and pricking in the gullet, nausea and vomit...

Nervo-Muscular System. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Ordinary medicinal doses do not usually produce definite effects on the nerves or muscles, but in acute poisoning from large quantities, besides the pain and cramp already mentioned, general prostrati...

Theories Of Plumbism. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Whether the muscles or nerves are primarily affected, and in the latter case whether the peripheral branches or the centres are most at fault, has been much debated. Giacomini attributed the colic to ...

Genito-Urinary System. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Chronic lead-poisoning often leads to abortion, and if this does not occur, the children born are delicate. Of 123 conceptions among lead-workers, 50 children only were born alive, and of these but 14...

Glandular System. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: By the ordinary medicinal use of the drug all secretions are diminished. According to Rutherford, the acetate of lead is the only substance which lessens the secretion of bile without causing purgatio...

Modes Of Chronic Lead-Poisoning. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Of the different workers in lead, oxide of lead, or white lead (carbonate), those who grind it in factories are most liable to suffer, though less so now that the powder is ground with water (Taylor...

Idiosyncrasy. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: There is a great difference in the susceptibility of different individuals to the poisonous action of lead - as may be verified in any large factory - and it is comparable to what has been noticed wit...

Inflamed Surfaces. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: A solution of subacetate of lead is still, perhaps, the most frequently used of all remedies in the external inflammatory conditions for which it was introduced by Goulard, of Montpelier, more than 10...

Conjunctivitis. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Warm lead lotions, with or without opium, are very serviceable in ordinary catarrhal cases, but it is important they should not be ordered if the corneal surface be abraded, or else an opaque white de...

Eczema. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: In cases of moist discharging eczema, lead lotions are often soothing and sometimes curative; a combination of the liquor plumbi 1 oz., with glycerin 1/2 oz., and cherry-laurel water 3 1/2 oz., is ver...

Wounds. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Mr. Hutchinson has strongly recommended the continuous use of lead lotions in operative surgery. Within about six hours of any serious amputation he applies over and near the part, compresses soaked i...

Onychia. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Powdered nitrate of lead I have found a remarkably good resource in cases of onychia, and it has quickly benefited when ordinary treatment had failed (Marsh, MacCormac, Scott, etc., British Medical Jo...

Sore Nipples. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Dr. Fordyce Barker speaks highly of the nitrate of lead (10 to 15 gr. in the ounce of glycerin) as an application to sore nipples (Medical Times, ii., 1873, p. 503). ...

Enlarged Glands. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: The ointment of lead iodide is often useful in chronic adenitis and splenic enlargements, also in chronic synovitis. ...

Leucorrhoea. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: In cases of purulent and muco-purulent discharge from the vagina, the urethra, the ear, etc., lead lotion is very useful, and may be used at any stage, since, if sufficiently dilute, it does not irrit...

Hemorrhage. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: The acetate of lead has decided power over many forms of internal hemorrhage, and is still in frequent use, though not so much so as formerly. Dr. Elliotson often prescribed it in 2 to 3-gr. doses; Dr...

Phthisis - Chronic Bronchitis. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: At one time, acetate of lead was thought valuable in consumption, and it may relieve some of the symptoms, such as profuse sweating, expectoration, and diarrhoea, but the cases said to be cured by it ...

Pneumonia. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Under the use of lead acetate, a good proportion of success in the treatment of pneumonia has been reported by Brandes, Strohl, Leudet, and others (British Medical Journal, i., 1863). ...

Aneurism. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Since the observations of Dupuytren, who reported three cases of aortic aneurism relieved by lead acetate (together with small bleedings and rest), this remedy has been tried by many physicians. Dr. O...

Diarrhoea - Dysentery. Lead (Plumbum) Treatment: Stille has collected a large amount of evidence, American and foreign, in favor of lead acetate as a remedy in many forms of these disorders. Graves and others have recommended it in cholera. It certa...

Kalium (Potassium): POTASSIUM - KALIUM, K, = 39. This metal has not been found native, but its various compounds are very widely diffused. The nitrate occurs in various soils, and the chloride in mines, the tartrate i...

Compounds of Potash: Potassii iodidum (v. vol. i., p. 59). Potassii bromidum (v. vol. i., p. 97). LIQUOR POTASSAE - SOLUTION OF POTASH, KHO, = 56. Preparation By adding slaked lime to a boiling solution of about ...

Compounds of Potash. Part 2: POTASSAE SULPHAS - SULPHATE OF POTASH, K2SO4, = 174. Preparation There is no process directed in the Pharmacopoeia, but the salt may be prepared from the residue left in the manufacture of nitri...

Compounds of Potash. Physiological Action: Physiological Action Oxidation And Nutrition How far alkalies, as such, contribute to oxidation, has long been a question of interest, and it is one of great practical importance. Organic substa...

Compounds of Potash. Circulatory System: Circulatory System A certain amount of potash salt is essential, as we have seen, for the proper constitution and action of the corpuscles, and the chloride seems to be the best suited for this pur...

Nervo-Muscular System. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Large doses of potassium salts lower the reflex irritability of certain parts of the spinal cord (Binz), but many observers consider this to be only secondary to depression of the circulation. The fal...

Glandular System - Mucous Membranes. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Dilute alkaline solutions taken into the stomach before meals augment the secretion of gastric juice (Blondlot, C. Bernard), for if digestion is to continue, fresh secretion must occur to compensate f...

Issues - Abscess - Bubo. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: For the purpose of making an issue, or of opening a large collection of matter, such as a chronic or cold abscess, caustic potash was formerly often, and for the latter purpose is still occasionally...

Caries - Necrosis. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Caustic potash and concentrated solutions of the carbonate have been recommended in these conditions, but sulphuric acid is to be preferred (Medical Times, ii., 1860; Lancet, i., 1870). In ununited fr...

Varix - Noevus. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: It is said to have the power of obliterating the trunk of a varicose vein (Bonnet), and also of destroying superficial naevi (Wardrop); but the application is painful, and is apt to leave a very evide...

Strumous Ulceration. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In strumous ulceration of superficial and indolent character, with livid undermined edges, and affecting extensive surfaces on the trunk or extremities, caustic potash lightly applied to the margin of...

Lupus. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: For cases of ulcerative lupus in which the strumous character is most marked, caustic potash is sometimes a good agent; we do not apply it generally for lupus about the face, because of the unsightly ...

Epithelioma. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The disadvantage of the deliquescent character of potash may be obviated, and its efficacy rather increased by combination with caustic lime, two parts of the latter to one of the former constituting ...

Leucorrhoea - Gonorrhoea. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In the former affection, when the discharge is profuse and strongly alkaline, and either transparent or white, coming probably from the glands of the cervix uteri, a weak alkaline injection (1 dr. of ...

In-Growing Nail. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: This troublesome affection may be well treated by means of dilute liquor potassae (2 dr. to the ounce of water) constantly applied on lint, between the nail and the soft tissues, so as to thin the nai...

Unhealthy Wounds. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Several compounds of potash have valuable disinfectant and also alterative properties, especially the permanganate (Condy's fluid) and the chlorate, and when used in the form of lotion prove of the gr...

Stomatitis - Diphtheria. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In aphthous conditions and unhealthy ulcerations about the gums, palate, or tonsils, gargles containing the chlorate or permanganate are very good (v. p. 283). In diphtheria, both these salts have pro...

Eczema. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: A weak lotion of bicarbonate of potash (or of soda), 30 to 60 gr. in the pint, will often relieve the early discharging stages of eczema, and a stronger application (caustic potash, 5 to 20 gr. in the...

Sebaceous Disorder - Acne. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In cases of greasy skin and of obstructed follicles, soft soap is a good remedy. In the former it cleanses and tends to lessen secretion; in the latter it dissolves obstruction, but it should be used ...

Scabies - Ringworm. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Preparations of potash (soft soap, etc.) are indirectly useful in parasitic disorders by softening the epidermis and removing secretion, and thus allowing the more direct contact of sulphur or similar...

Psoriasis. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The diffused forms of this disease may be much relieved by alkaline baths (potash and soda carbonates together, of each 3 oz. in the bath), and thickly accumulated scales may be removed by frictions w...

Lichen - Urticaria. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Weak solutions of potash salts or liquor po-tassae relieve the itching and irritation of these disorders, also of pruritus, and to some extent of pruritus vulvae. A lotion made by boiling 1/2 oz. of p...

Rheumatism. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The carbonate of potash, dissolved in a bath of warm water, is often useful to relieve pain in the joints, and irritable eruptions in rheumatic and gouty subjects. The sulphuret of potash, on the othe...

Dyspepsia. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In cases of irritative dyspepsia, especially when occurring in stout and rheumatic or gouty persons, and marked by red tongue, acid eructations, or pyrosis, with nausea and discomfort after meals, the...

Lithiasis - Calculus. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In cases of excessive secretion of uric acid, potash salts are useful by assisting oxidation of the acid to some extent, and also by furnishing a base with which the acid is readily eliminated in a so...

Skin Diseases. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Several forms of cutaneous disease are connected with a gouty or rheumatic diathesis, especially forms of eczema and psoriasis; in such cases the urine is often scanty and loaded, and then alkaline di...

Acute Rheumatism. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Up to comparatively recent times, alkaline treatment, by potash especially, was accepted as the best for rheumatic fever. Among its principal supporters, Dr. Fuller claimed that it would prevent cardi...

Ague. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Nitrate of potash has been given successfully in ague - 10 gr. every two or three hours (in brandy); it increases the secretions, notably the perspiration and urine, and is said to be as sure a specif...

Specific Fevers. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Alkalies, especially in effervescence, greatly relieve the thirst and other distressing symptoms in various fevers, and they promote elimination by the skin and the kidneys, etc. The chlorate has been...

Diphtheria. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Chlorate of potash in full doses, either alone or combined with iodide, has seemed very useful to many observers (Squire, Hillier, Perrin, Henoch, Vogel). I quite agree with them; I have for twenty ye...

Croup. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Liquor potassae has been used in croup both locally and internally. Certainly it will dissolve fibrinous membrane outside the body, and to some, but not to a great, extent may be available in the form...

Pneumonia. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The nitrate of potash is said to be valuable in the early stages (Dublin Quarterly Journal, July, 1873), but as Dr. Jones, who commends it, used also antimony and ipecacuanha, we cannot verify its pre...

Bronchitis - Catarrh. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: When expectoration is scanty, viscid, and brought up with difficulty, either in early or later stages of bronchitis, alkalies often relieve, and may be taken with other expectorants. The liquor potass...

Asthma. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The inhalation of fumes of nitre paper is often valuable in this malady, and I, with others, strongly recommend it, especially for spasmodic asthma, though it is often available also in the bronchit...

Pertussis. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The carbonate of potash was at one time in good repute in the treatment of whooping-cough, but we cannot expect more from it than the thinning of tracheal and bronchial secretion, and a slight sedativ...

Phthisis. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The value of chlorate of potash in phthisis has been much disputed: by some it has been esteemed a specific, and though it really cannot be called so, it has the power of relieving at least some of th...

Chronic Hoarseness - Aphonia. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In these conditions, whether connected with chronic chest-disorder (not laryngeal phthisis) or with overexertion in talking or singing, I have frequently prescribed from 5 to 15 min. of liquor potassa...

Struma - Asthenia. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Many observers agree in attributing benefit to the chlorate in strumous asthenic conditions, more or less allied to phthisis. Dr. Harkin used it in all forms of scrofulous glandular ulcerations. Mr. W...

Suppuration - Ulceration Of Mouth. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In cases of suppuration, such as carbuncle or continued eruption of boils, or discharging wounded surfaces, also in sloughing or gangrene, the chlorate and permanganate have been found useful internal...

Diarrhoea. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The chlorate of potash has been recommended in dysentery, and even in inflammatory diarrhoea (Amisy: Lancet, ii., 1872, p. 300). Marotti considers the acetate valuable in gastro-intestinal disorder co...

Constipation. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The sulphate of potash acts as a mild aperient, and is suitable for cases of dyspepsia with deficient biliary secretion, or hemorrhoids; it is often combined with rhubarb, especially for children (Wes...

Purpura - Scorbutus - Hemorrhage. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: In purpura simplex, 10-gr. doses of nitrate of potash have been sometimes useful, and even in hemorrhagic purpura the same remedy in large doses (10 to 60 gr.) has been recommended (Carlyon). The adva...

Cirrhosis Of The Liver. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The acid tartrate of potash is said to be of singular value in alcoholic cirrhosis (Gull: Lancet, i., 1866, p. 6). ...

Obesity. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: There are on record some remarkable cases in which the use of potash salts, and especially of liquor potassae, has reduced the amount of fat deposited, but these remedies are by no means always effect...

Diabetes. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The use of alkalies in this malady was at one time largely adopted, in the hope that their property of assisting oxidation would be of direct service, but this hope has been in the main disappointed. ...

Albuminuria - Dropsy. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The use of alkaline diuretics is advantageous in the early stages of this malady, the citrate of potash or the acetate being the most suitable; they are presumed to act directly on the kidney, washing...

Cyanosis. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Although, as before remarked, the theory of oxidation of the blood by means of chlorate of potash cannot be scientifically maintained, yet I have certainly seen benefit from that salt in cases of cong...

Tetanus - Chorea. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The power of potash to alter and diminish the contractility of muscular tissue, furnishes some theoretical ground for an old method of treatment of tetanus by means of potash-baths, and the internal a...

Blood-Poisoning - Pyoemia. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: The influence of potash upon oxidation, and upon the blood-condition, have led to its employment in cases of absorption of poisonous material. Savory has found it of distinct value, not in acute, b...

Snake-Bite. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: Dr. Shortt, the eminent ophiologist of Madras, has recorded indisputable evidence of its value when quickly and largely used after the bite of venomous snakes. He gives it in several ways in order to ...

Syphilis. Kalium (Potassium) Treatment: By those who decry or discourage the use of mercury in syphilis, the chlorate of potash is much depended upon as a substitute, especially in infantile forms of the disorder (Drysdale: Dublin Press, De...

Natrium. Soda (Sodium): SODIUM - NATRIUM, Na,=23. This metal does not occur native, but in various combinations is found extensively throughout all the kingdoms of nature; the chloride especially is abundant in the animal...

Compounds of Soda: SODA CAUST1CA - CAUSTIC SODA - HYDRATE OF SODA, NaHO,=40. Preparation By evaporating liquor sodae to dryness in a silver or clean iron vessel; the process is conducted as rapidly as possible to ...

Soda: Preparations And Dose Liquor sodoe: dose, 10 to 60 min. freely diluted. Soda caustica. Sodoe carbonas: dose, 10 to 30 gr. or more. Sodoe carbonas exsiccata: dose, 5 to 15 gr. Sodoe bicarbonas: dose...

Digestive System. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: What has been stated under potassium as to the influence of alkalies upon digestion and secretion applies equally to the alkaline salts of soda, but the chloride of sodium has a special value, perhaps...

Nervous System. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: There is some (not cogent) clinical evidence that excess of soda in the blood leads to convulsive action of the nervous system (Laycock: Medical Times, i., 1863; Hunt: Medical Times, 1856); most obser...

Urinary System. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: With regard to the influence of soda salts on diuresis, opinions are divided, partly, perhaps, because of the different doses employed. Usually some increase in the quantity of urine passed is observe...

Glandular System. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Milk is secreted in increased quantity under the influence of salt. This fact, indicated by Saive, but denied by Boussin-gault, has been confirmed recently (Rabuteau). In Brazil and some other countri...

Strumous Ulceration. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: For destroying unhealthy growths, the edges of strumous ulceration, etc., caustic soda has been sometimes used. It is less deliquescent than potash, but yet is very diffusible, and readily extends its...

Glandular Scrofulosis. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: A strong solution of salt locally applied is a good resolvent of enlarged and hard glands: sea-bathing is useful for the same purpose. Frictions with a pomade containing salt cause a pustular erupt...

Hoarseness - Catarrh. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: A piece of borax allowed to dissolve slowly in. the mouth sometimes cures these conditions. A spray containing salt (gr. iv.-v. ad. 3 j.) is also useful. A simple mode of stimulating the external s...

Unhealthy Wounds. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Solution of chlorinated soda mixed with water in various strengths makes an excellent detergent and disinfectant gargle, lotion, or injection, but is rather a preparation of chlorine than of soda. ...

Corneal Opacity. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Mr. Henry Power has recorded good results from the local application of powdered sulphate of soda to the cornea, though it is liable to cause severe irritation for a time (Practitioner, September, 186...

Lupus. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: The acetate of soda, though not often used, has remarkable power in lessening the granulations and crusting of strumous and lupoid ulceration: a lotion containing from 10 to 20 gr. in the ounce of wat...

Pruritus - Eczema. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: In several forms of skin disease, attended with itching, lotions containing a small proportion of carbonate or borate of soda, 1 to 2 dr. in 1/2 pint, are often serviceable. In urticaria, lichen, and ...

Aphthoe. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Aphthous conditions affecting the mouth and fauces are often treated with borax mixed with honey or dissolved in glycerin; a solution of chloride will also succeed sometimes. Aphthous conditions affec...

Acne Simplex. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: A liberal use of soap with hot water is often necessary in this disorder, and a borax lotion is of service. ...

Burns. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: In burns and scalds, especially of the first degree, a saturated solution of the bicarbonate, applied constantly on moistened cloth, quickly relieves the burning pain. ...

Dental Caries. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Toothache, connected with open carious teeth, may often be relieved by the local use of carbonate of soda (1/2 dr. in the ounce of warm water); it probably acts by neutralizing acid or irritant secret...

Rheumatism - Gout. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Soda baths are also useful in relieving pains of rheumatic character in the joints and muscles. Basham recommended basic phosphate of soda in powder as a good application for enlarged and painful gout...

Leucorrhoea - Cystitis. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Injections containing carbonate of soda (1 to 2 dr. in the pint) form a simple and often efficacious remedy in cases of vaginal leucorrhoea with white, alkaline discharge, and in chronic cystitis an i...

Ascarides. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: A strong injection of salt into the rectum is an efficient cure for these parasites, and is best given with quassia or other bitter. Salt is also taken internally to prevent recurrence of thread or ro...

Fractures. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: The silicate of soda (water-glass) is used like the analogous salt of potash. Bandages soaked in the fluid harden into a light firm support in twenty-four to forty-eight hours. Therapeutical Action...

Dyspepsia. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Soda salts are very useful in several forms of indigestion, but the dose and mode of administration vary somewhat according to the conditions present. In cases of atonic dyspepsia connected with defic...

Lientery. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: In the lientery of young children, Rabuteau has found salt curative after other remedies had failed (op. cit. p. 104). In Vomiting or Diarrhoea connected with acidity, or with incomplete digestion ...

Hepatic Disorders. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: For congestion of the liver, with deficient secretion of bile, soda is of proved value in several combinations, and it relieves such symptoms as have been already described under dyspepsia. Phospha...

Renal Diseases. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: In cases of calculous (uric acid) diathesis, if it be desired to keep the system under the continued influence of alkalies, the salts of soda have sometimes been preferred in weakly dyspeptic subjects...

Diabetes. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Speaking not of the temporary and accidental passage of sugar into the urine, but of the more permanent malady, diabetes, we find that small doses of bicarbonate or of chloride of sodium often lessen ...

Struma - Phthisis. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Some writers have much insisted on the therapeutical virtues of salt in these diseases. Durand Fardel reported instances of benefit, and Amedee Latour reduced its administration to a system; he gave i...

Intermittent Fever. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: There is evidence of a favorable influence being exerted by salt in ague and some of its complications. Piory used it, and Gintrac gave 30 grammes daily with success except in quartans; he did not ver...

Cholera. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: The carbonate of soda has been used both by the stomach and by injection in cases of cholera, but the chloride has been more depended upon. A reasonable argument may be given for its employment, fo...

Constipation. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: On the other hand, the same remedy (soda sulphate), when given in larger doses of 1/2 oz., is a useful saline purge in inflammatory conditions, and is an ingredient in several natural aperient waters:...

Uterine Inertia. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Borax has some stimulating effect upon the uterus, as shown by its increasing contraction during labor; it has been used in lingering cases, though generally combined with ergot and cinnamon; it is na...

Epistaxis - Embolism. Natrium (Sodium) Treatment: Common salt is an ordinary domestic remedy for bleeding at the nose, and even for haemoptysis, and cases of the former are sometimes favorably influenced by it when given in drachm doses. Some attribu...

Tin (Stannum): STANNUM - TIN, SN, = 118 (NOT OFFICINAL). This metal is known to occur only in the mineral kingdom, and in minute quantity in the water of Sadschiitz. Characters And Tests Silver-white in col...

Intestinal Worms. Tin (Stannum) Treatment: The powder of tin (tin filings) has been used as a vermifuge in cases of lumbricus and taenia. Trousseau remarks that of all metals after mercury, tin has been in the highest repute as anthelmintic...

Zinc (Zincum): ZINCUM - ZINC, Zn,=65. This mineral is obtained, for commercial purposes, mainly from two ores - the carbonate (calamine) and the sulphide (blende) - by distillation with carbon. It has been found ...

Compounds of Zinc: ZINCI OXIDUM - OXIDE OF ZINC, ZnO,=81. Preparation By exposure of the carbonate to a dull red heat until all the carbonic acid is driven off. Hubbuck's oxide of zinc is obtained by combustion ...

Zinc: Absorption And Elimination Soluble salts of zinc, such as the chloride, sulphate, and acetate, are readily absorbed, and pass into the blood probably as albuminates. The oxide and the carbonate are...

Digestive System. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The oxide and carbonate, in doses of a grain and less, exert an astringent and somewhat sedative action on the gastro-intestinal tract, markedly lessening its secretions. The sulphate, in small, non-i...

Nervous System. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The oxide of zinc has been credited with a special action on the nervous system, of tonic character in small, but depressant in large doses. Dr. Marcet traced drowsiness to its use, and others have re...

Cutaneous System. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The internal administration of the oxide or other astringent zinc salts checks the secretions of the skin. Synergists The oxides of silver and of bismuth are much allied in action with oxide of ...

Lupus - Cancer. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The chloride of zinc was first introduced as a secret remedy for cancer by Canquoin in Paris in 1837, and was combined with sanguinaria in the paste of Dr. Fell, which had a temporary popularity (Medi...

Warts - Nasvi. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The strong chloride is useful for destroying warts and superficial naevi. Mr. Weeden Cooke has suggested a convenient mode of applying it, viz., by soaking lint in the deliquescent salt, drying it, an...

Wounds. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Mr. C. de Morgan, and others, recommended the sponging of recent wounds, whether from accident or operation, with strong solutions of zinc chloride (20 to 40 gr. in the ounce), on disinfectant princip...

Eczema - Erythema. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The oxide and the carbonate of zinc, and calamine (impure native carbonate), form useful sedative, absorbent, and protective powders for inflamed surfaces, and sometimes are indicated when serous di...

Relaxed Or Discharging Mucous Surfaces. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: For ordinary relaxed or discharging surfaces, when astringents are indicated, the sulphate of zinc is one of the best: from 1 to 2 gr. in the ounce of distilled water is a usual strength, and combined...

Narcotic And Other Poisoning. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Zinc sulphate is a good emetic for cases of this kind: 10 gr. in warm water is an average dose, but 20 gr. is the amount preferred by many practitioners; if the mouth be firmly closed, it may be admin...

Gastralgia - Diarrhoea. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Prof. Gubler, having remarked the analogous effects of the oxides of zinc and of bismuth, suggested the substitution of the former when expense was an object, and experience has proved that the zinc c...

Bronchorrhoea. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Excessive secretion from the bronchial tubes is controlled by the oxide and by the sulphate of zinc (Barlow). ...

Hyperidrosis. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: I can entertain no doubt of the power of zinc oxide to control excessive sweating in phthisis and other exhausting diseases, although it has been denied by some observers. Dr. T. Thompson, one of the ...

Epilepsy. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The value of zinc salts in disorders of the nervous system has been much disputed, some physicians, as M. Herpin, recording extraordinary results from them, and others, as M. Gubler, denying to them a...

Chorea. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: There is much evidence as to the value both of oxide and sulphate of zinc in this malady, more perhaps in favor of the latter; it requires to be given in gradually increasing doses up to 15 to 20 gr. ...

Chronic Alcoholism. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Dr. Marcet made many observations on the treatment of this condition, and published a special essay to illustrate the value of zinc oxide in controlling the unsteadiness and the tremor which are its u...

Spasmodic Cough - Asthma. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Both the oxide and the sulphate of zinc, especially in conjunction with belladonna, have been found to relieve spasmodic cough, whooping-cough, etc. (Fuller: Lancet, ii., 1860). In the intervals of sp...

Nervous Headache - Neuralgia. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: The valerianate is valuable in nervous headache, and it is especially useful for cases of neuralgia connected with uterine derangement. ...

Tremor. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: In tremor connected with mercurial and arsenical poisoning, Gueneau de Mussy found phosphide of zinc effective (Lancet, i., 1876, p. 208). I have tried it in the tremor of sclerosis, but without resul...

Rheumatism. Zinc (Zincum) Treatment: Among the rarer uses of zinc salts may be mentioned that of the cyanide in articular rheumatism; it was strongly commended by Luton, as relieving pain and lowering vascular excitement (Bulletin, Janua...

Treating Acne: Treating Acne With Sulphur With the exception of scabies, acne is the skin disease in which sulphur is most frequently used and gives the best results; the degree of stimulus or irritation supplied...

Treating Acute Rheumatism: Treating Acute Rheumatism With Water (Aqua) I have often given the greatest relief in an ordinary but severe attack, with pain in all joints, sweating, pyrexia, etc., by means of a hot blanket-pack...

Treating Ague: Treating Ague With Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) The hypothesis of ague being dependent upon the absorption of minute fungi or spores given off by the soil of malarious districts has been fo...

Treating Albuminuria: Treating Albuminuria With Ozone (Oxygen) In a few cases of Bright's disease, narrated by Dr. C. Paul, albumen disappeared from the urine during treatment by oxygen. This occurred also in the often-...

Treating Alopecia: Treating Alopecia With Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) The acid, diluted with so much olive oil as will prevent the caustic though not the stimulant effects, makes a good liniment in some cases of fa...

Treating Aneurism: Treating Aneurism With Iodine (Iodum) In those cases of thoracic and abdominal aneurism, in which surgical treatment is impossible or highly dangerous, the clinical results obtained by iodide of po...

Treating Anoemia: Treating Anoemia With Lime (Calcium) In anaemia and debility, the consequence of overwork, of close confinement, etc., Dr. Ringer speaks highly of the phosphate of lime, especially when combined wi...

Treating Ascarides: Treating Ascarides With Charcoal A daily dose of charcoal mixed with salt, and given in the early morning, has been found useful in destroying and preventing the development of these parasites. ...

Treating Asthma: Treating Asthma With Iodine (Iodum) I have known iodide of potassium relieve many asthmatic patients, and Horace Green (1860) found it to be the main ingredient in a secret and successful remedy fo...

Treating Bronchitis: Treating Bronchitis With Iodine (Iodum) In the subacute and chronic stages, iodide of potassium, or of ammonium, relieves by an alterative action on the bronchial mucous membrane, thinning and ulti...

Treating Bronchocele: Treating Bronchocele With Phosphorus In nine cases of bronchocele (fibrous) I have made trial of phosphorus in varied doses, but without good result. Dr. Leech (Manchester) has sometimes seen the g...

Treating Bubo: Treating Bubo With Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) The strong acid may, with advantage, be lightly pencilled over torpid suppurating buboes, to destroy the integument and stimulate to healthy dischar...

Treating Cancer: Treating Cancer With Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) A somewhat dilute acid (1 part acetic acid in 3 of water) has been used as a local injection into cancerous tissue, and Dr. Broad-bent argued that...

Treating Caries - Necrosis: Treating Caries - Necrosis With Sulphuric Acid (Acidum Sulphuricum, Oil Of Vitriol) It is evident that a lotion containing mineral acid will dissolve out the earthy bases of bone-tissue and quicken...

Treating Catarrh: Treating Catarrh With Iodine (Iodum) The vapor given off by powdered camphor sprinkled with tinct. iodi has been found effective for arresting coryza (Medical Times, i., 1874); and inhaling from pu...

Treating Cerebral Congestion: Treating Cerebral Congestion With Water (Aqua) Cold applied to the head, while hot mustard-water is used to the feet, is one of the simplest modes of equalizing the cerebral circulation. It must, h...

Treating Chlorosis: Treating Chlorosis With Arsenic (Arsenicum) In this disease arsenic often acts particularly well, and has been strongly recommended by Isnard. Treating Chlorosis With Iron (Ferrum) The relati...

Treating Cholera: Treating Cholera With Bromine (Bromum) It is not going beyond our knowledge to state that capillary spasm and congestion of vaso-motor centres are essential elements in the phenomena of cholera, an...

Treating Chorea: Treating Chorea With Iodine (Iodum) Manson affirms that he has cured seventy-two cases of chorea by giving iodide of potash. Bardsley and Gibney make similar statements, but many of these cases wou...

Treating Chronic Bronchitis: Treating Chronic Bronchitis With Phosphorus In simple cases of this affection, when patients complain of a feeling of tension throughout the respiratory tract, and a hacking, dry, and exhausting co...

Treating Chronic Rheumatism: Treating Chronic Rheumatism With Sulphur Sulphur frictions for rheumatism have been already mentioned, and the drug was formerly considered a good internal remedy for chronic muscular and articular...

Treating Constipation: Treating Constipation With Water (Aqua) A glass of cold water taken, fasting, in the early morning, will assist in securing a regular action of the bowels. If taken, also, the last thing at night, ...

Treating Convulsion: Treating Convulsion With Bromine (Bromum) In the wide range of convulsive and spasmodic disorders, outside that which we distinguish as epilepsy, bromides are very efficacious. In the convulsions o...

Treating Croup: Treating Croup With Water (Aqua) In true inflammatory croup, a very hot compress or sponge and steam-inhalation are especially to be recommended, and having been satisfied with these I have not oft...

Treating Croup And Diphtheria: Treating Croup And Diphtheria With Lime (Calcium) In the form of a warm, finely atomized spray, solutions of lime (1 in 30) have been much commended as chemical solvents of croupous membrane. Forst...

Treating Cutaneous Diseases: Treating Cutaneous Diseases With Phosphorus The value of phosphorus in these maladies was mentioned by Cazenave, and in 1850 Burgess recommended it in psoriasis and in lupus. More recently Dr. Broa...

Treating Delirium Tremens: Treating Delirium Tremens With Bromine (Bromum) For the excitement, wakefulness, fright, and tremor which follow the abuse of alcohol, and which commonly precede a fully developed attack of deliriu...

Treating Diabetes: Treating Diabetes With Ozone (Oxygen) Pettenkofer and Vogt determined that diabetics absorbed less oxygen than healthy persons, and that hence we might hope, by introducing more into their system, ...

Treating Diarrhoea: Treating Diarrhoea With Charcoal Charcoal acts well in the diarrhoea of scrofulous children when the stools are small, slimy, and light-colored, with intermediate troublesome discharge of flatus an...

Treating Diphtheria: Treating Diphtheria With Sulphur During certain stages of this malady, preparations of aconite, iron, iodine, bromine, etc., are indicated, as described under those medicines; but at the time when ...

Treating Diphtheria. Part 2: Treating Diphtheria With Copper (Cuprum) In the ordinary form of diphtheria the sulphate of copper has also been found useful by some observers. Dr. W. Squire speaks of it as one of the most effect...

Treating Disorders Of Menstruation: Treating Disorders Of Menstruation With Sulphur When the menses are delayed in weakly and phlegmatic persons, sulphur used as an habitual laxative has some influence in bringing on the flow; on the...

Treating Dysentery: Treating Dysentery With Charcoal Charcoal has been recommended in dysentery, and its antiseptic powers may be serviceable in chronic cases. The putrid smell of the discharges may certainly be relie...

Treating Dysmenorrhoea: Treating Dysmenorrhoea With Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) The acetate of ammonia will often relieve the pain of congestive dysmenorrhoea. I have frequently prescribed it with success, especially if there ...

Treating Dyspepsia: Treating Dyspepsia With Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) There are two varieties of indigestion in which hydrochloric acid is especially indicated -the so-called atonic form, and the ac...

Treating Dyspepsia. Continued: Treating Dyspepsia With Bismuth (Bismuthum) According to Monneret, pain arising during digestion, from whatever cause, may be relieved by mixing the subnitrate freely with the food, but more defi...

Treating Eczema: Treating Eczema With Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Mr. Erichsen has published cases illustrating its value in chronic eczema (London Medical Gazette, 1846, p. 198), but in this, and in ...

Treating Enlarged Tonsils: Treating Enlarged Tonsils With Iodine (Iodum) These are often connected with the strumous diathesis, and iodine tincture is one of the best local applications, though it is an unpleasant one, and s...

Treating Enteric Fever: Treating Enteric Fever With Sulphurous Acid (Acidum Sulphurosum) While recognizing the difficulty of a true judgment about the effect of medicines in this fever on account of some uncertainty in it...

Treating Enuresis: Treating Enuresis With Bromine (Bromum) In the simple enuresis of children, bromides may usually be relied upon. The good derived from them is probably due to increasing the stability of resistanc...

Treating Epilepsy: Treating Epilepsy With Phosphorus In true epilepsy it has, like most other nerve-tonics, been used and commended, but evidence of its really preventing the attacks is contradictory. Broadbent found...

Treating Epilepsy. Part 2: For weakness or anaemia, quinine or iron may be added with advantage. Strong coffee hinders development of bromism (Echeverria), and arsenic in small doses will prevent or cure bromic acne. The additi...

Treating Epilepsy. Part 3: Treating Epilepsy With Silver (Argentum) Unless we are wholly to reject past records and the opinion of distinguished physicians, the nitrate has given good results in a large number of epileptic c...

Treating Epithelioma: Treating Epithelioma With Arsenic (Arsenicum) Cases of this disease affecting the lip, the tongue, the scrotum (chimney-sweep's cancer), etc., are stated to have been cured by its internal administ...

Treating Erysipelas: Treating Erysipelas With Iodine (Iodum) Several authors concur in stating that the local use of iodine tincture will relieve this inflammation. Lanyon relates a case of idiopathic erysipelas, af...

Treating Fevers: Treating Fevers With Water (Aqua) The application of water to the treatment of these disorders is one of the most important results of modern therapeutics - or rather of a revival of, and improveme...

Treating Fibroid Tumors: Treating Fibroid Tumors With Bromine (Bromum) The power which bromides possess of stimulating absorption led to their use in cases of uterine fibroid, and Simpson recorded successful results (Medic...

Treating Gastric Ulcer: Treating Gastric Ulcer With Silver (Argentum) In so serious an organic disease, which must, of necessity, often end fatally, it is not surprising if the powers of the silver compounds have been cal...

Treating Gonorrhoea: Treating Gonorrhoea With Iodine (Iodum) Gonorrhoeal attacks in females can sometimes be cut short by one or two paintings of the vagina, cervix uteri, labia, and urethral canal with strong tincture...

Treating Gout: Treating Gout With Iodine (Iodum) In chronic forms of gout the iodide will often relieve, as remarked by Mr. Spencer Wells, who recommends 1 or 2 gr. thrice daily, well diluted with water or seltze...

Treating Hemorrhage: Treating Hemorrhage With Water (Aqua) The application of iced or cold water is an old, and commonly an efficient method of restraining hemorrhage from small vessels. The jet of water, or the soaked...

Treating Hepatic Congestion: Treating Hepatic Congestion With Ozone (Oxygen) Dr. Birch has advocated the use of the gas in this condition, and states that it will relieve the constipation and other symptoms connected with it. ...

Treating Hepatic Disorders: Treating Hepatic Disorder With Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) In hepatitis, not so much in the acute as in the chronic form of the malady, which usually ends in enlargement and induratio...

Treating Herpes Zoster: Treating Herpes Zoster With Phosphorus In this affection, which is distinctly neurotic, I have found good from phosphorus, for it has in some instances quickly relieved the severe pain. Treating...

Treating Hoematuria: Treating Hoematuria With Aluminium In bleeding from the kidneys, alum whey is also useful, but iron alum (double sulphate of iron and ammonia) is a still more active remedy, which has, in my expe...

Treating Hydrocele: Treating Hydrocele With Silver (Argentum) The solid stick may be applied, for instance, to the interior of a hydrocele-sac after evacuating the contents, but an injection through a trocar is more u...

Treating Hydrophobia: Treating Hydrophobia With Ozone (Oxygen) Drs. Paul and Josias used oxygen in this malady, and, although the patients died, some relief was given to the symptoms of asphyxia. Recently Dr. Schmidt ha...

Treating Hysteria: Treating Hysteria With Phosphorus Nerve - power is impaired in this affection, the emotions not being under normal control; more or less neuralgia is often concomitant, and altogether it is a condi...

Treating Infantile Diarrhoea: Treating Infantile Diarrhoea With Bismuth (Bismuthum) When infants at the breast suffer from eructations, sour vomiting, diarrhoea, light-colored papescent stools of bad odor, with crampy pains in ...

Treating Inhalation: Treating Inhalation With Ozone (Oxygen) Remedially, oxygen may be considered as it exists diluted in the atmosphere, or as prepared artificially for inhalation with a definite proportion of air. ...

Treating Intermittent Fever: Treating Intermittent Fever With Copper (Cuprum) In obstinate quartans, more particularly, the salt has been commended by Hoffmann, Chapman, and others, in 1/4-gr. doses, combined with opium, but i...

Treating Intestinal Worms: Treating Intestinal Worms With Mercury (Hydrargyrum, Quicksilver) Calomel is a very suitable vermifuge in cases of ascarides. Both the round and the thread worms are expelled under the influence of...

Treating Jaundice: Treating Jaundice With Silver (Argentum) Dr. Peebles (U.S.) has recorded several cases of jaundice in which rapid improvement followed the use of nitrate of silver given in 3/4-gr. doses twice dail...

Treating Leucorrhoea: Treating Leucorrhoea With Silver (Argentum) Injections of silver nitrate have been found effectual in the vaginal form of this disorder, the strength of application being proportioned to the durati...

Treating Leucorrhoea - Gonorrhoea: Treating Leucorrhoea - Gonorrhoea With Aluminium Injections of alum alone, or combined with zinc or oak-bark, are often used with advantage, especially in leu-corrhceal discharges: a strength of ab...

Treating Lupus: Treating Lupus With Iodine (Iodum) In erythematous lupus, and in early stages of the tubercular and markedly strumous forms, strong iodine paint is sometimes useful; equal parts of pure iodine and ...

Treating Lupus - Cancer: Treating Lupus - Cancer With Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) The chloride of antimony has been employed as a destructive caustic for these growths, but is now practically superseded. Treating Lup...

Treating Meningitis - Hydrocephalus: Treating Meningitis - Hydrocephalus With Bromine (Bromum) I have seen the convulsions of traumatic meningitis arrested under bromide of potassium, and it is said that recovery from tubercular menin...

Treating Mucous Membranes: Treating Mucous Membranes With Iodine (Iodum) The earliest and most marked evidence of the constitutional action of iodine, whether taken by the mouth or injected hypodermically, is furnished by ir...

Treating Nephritis: Treating Nephritis With Water (Aqua) In acute nephritis from other than scarlatinal causes, warm packing and vapor-baths, and similar means of inducing diaphoresis, are almost equally valuable for ...

Treating Neuralgia: Treating Neuralgia With Phosphorus Eighty years ago von Lobel, a physician, related his cure from an inveterate cranial neuralgia (which was accompanied with debility and failure of mental and sens...

Treating Obesity: Treating Obesity With Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) When vinegar is taken continuously for five to six weeks, it causes emaciation, and in cases of obesity was formerly used with the object of taki...

Treating Onychia: Treating Onychia With Iodine (Iodum) The duration of this very painful and obstinate form of suppuration may be much shortened by iodoform ointment, of strength 1 dr. to 1 oz. (Medical Times, ii., ...

Treating Paralysis: Treating Paralysis With Sulphur In chronic and asthenic cases of impaired motor power, the use of sulphur internally and externally deserves a fair trial. Dr. Graves was accustomed to depend upon i...

Treating Pertussis: Treating Pertussis With Hydrogen Much power has been claimed for peroxide of hydrogen in the relief of paroxysms of whooping-cough, but I have no experience of it. In a severe case, complicated wit...

Treating Phagedoenic Ulceration: Treating Phagedoenic Ulceration With Nitric Acid (Acidum Nitricum) In cases of sloughing chancre, of phagedaena, of hospital gangrene, etc., when it is necessary to destroy portions of diseased tis...

Treating Phthisis: Treating Phthisis With Ozone (Oxygen) The true value of oxygen-inhalations in this disease has been the subject of much discussion. So early as 1783 it was tried with apparent good result, and Four...

Treating Phthisis. Part 2: Treating Phthisis With Iodine (Iodum) Chronic congestive conditions of lung following on acute inflammations are usually connected with the scrofulous diathesis - pneumonic phthisis especially. In ...

Treating Phthisis. Part 3: Treating Phthisis With Antimony (Antimonium, Stibium) In the earlier stages of this disease, when there is evidence of local lung-congestion, with pain and oppression, and in the later stages when ...

Treating Phthisis - Chronic Bronchitis: Treating Phthisis - Chronic Bronchitis With Lime (Calcium) In the early stages of phthisical anaemia and debility, especially in excitable florid persons with tendency to headache and dyspepsia, al...

Treating Phthisis - Struma: Treating Phthisis - Struma With Hydrogen I have no personal experience of its use in these diseases, but benefit has been reported from it. In early stages it is said to improve digestion, in later...

Treating Phthisis Pulmonalis: Treating Phthisis Pulmonalis With Bromine (Bromum) There are certain distressing phthisical symptoms which are amenable to the influence of bromides on vaso-motor nerves and reflex action. Thus, a ...

Treating Pneumonia: Treating Pneumonia With Phosphorus A simple pneumonia usually terminates favorably, independently of medicine, and requires at least no active interference; but, under certain conditions and compli...

Treating Pruritus: Treating Pruritus With Iodine (Iodum) In many varieties of this disorder - pruritus pudendi, pruritus senilis - iodine tincture locally applied often gives much relief. In a case of hyperaesthes...

Treating Psoriasis: Treating Psoriasis With Iodine (Iodum) In patches of obstinate chronic psoriasis the ointment of green iodide of mercury, or of iodide of sulphur, is very useful. I can speak well especially of the...

Treating Puerperal Fever: Treating Puerperal Fever With Water (Aqua) In a very striking case reported by Dr. W. S. Play-fair, a sheet or towels wrung from iced water were almost constantly applied for eleven days, the patie...

Treating Purulent Ophthalmia: Treating Purulent Ophthalmia With Iodine (Iodum) M. Boinet relates a severe case of double ophthalmia and scrofulous catarrh, which had lasted for thirteen months when admitted into the St. Louis H...

Treating Rheumatism: Treating Rheumatism With Sulphur The friction of rheumatic limbs with sulphur is as ancient at least as Pliny (lib. xxxv.), and attention was specially directed to it again some years ago by Dr. Fu...

Treating Ringworm: Treating Ringworm With Acetic Acid (Acidum Aceticum) Acetic acid (1 part in 3) has been applied in this disorder, and with good results, but other remedies are more commonly used. Treating Ringw...

Treating Scarlatina: Treating Scarlatina With Water (Aqua) In this fever, some of the very best results of cold bathing and packing have been obtained. In mild cases, tepid or cold sponging during the course of the dis...

Treating Scarlet Fever: Treating Scarlet Fever With Sulphur Mr. Pigeon believes that in sulphur he has found the true remedy for this fever, and he certainly applies it very thoroughly, and appears to have had good succes...

Treating Scrofula: Treating Scrofula With Gold (Aurum) Advocates of the medicinal use of gold - especially Niel and Legrand - have spoken strongly of its value in scrofulous disease of the bones, in glandular enlarge...

Treating Secretion And Excretion: Treating Secretion And Excretion With Sulphur Buchheim and some modern writers express doubts as to whether sulphur really increases secretion from the bronchial mucous membrane and the skin; but I...

Treating Skin Diseases: Treating Skin Diseases With Sulphur The internal use of sulphur for many skin diseases rests on an old tradition, but is not much adopted in modern practice. I have tried it extensively, and althou...

Treating Snake-Bite: Treating Snake-Bite With Arsenic (Arsenicum) Among blood diseases we may include this form of blood-poisoning, and although it is difficult to credit arsenic with efficacy in such cases, we must ad...

Treating Spasmodic Asthma: Treating Spasmodic Asthma With Bromine (Bromum) There are certain cases in which very striking results may be obtained from the bromides: e.g., a man, aged thirty, subject to attacks since infancy,...

Treating Spermatorrhoea: Treating Spermatorrhoea With Bromine (Bromum) In irritation of the male genitals in plethoric subjects, with undue erections or excessive seminal losses, the bromides are often highly useful. They ...

Treating Stomatitis: Treating Stomatitis With Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) In inflammation, with patches of ulceration about the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums, hydrochloric acid, diluted with an eq...

Treating Struma - Rachitis: Treating Struma With Bromine (Bromum) Bonnet recommended 5 to 10 drops daily in cases of glandular scrofulosis, conjoining local applications (Bulletin, 1837), but the internal use of bromine is pr...

Treating Strumous Ulceration: Treating Strumous Ulceration With Kalium (Potassium) In strumous ulceration of superficial and indolent character, with livid undermined edges, and affecting extensive surfaces on the trunk or extr...

Treating Syphilis: Treating Syphilis With Sulphur In most of the later manifestations of this disorder, sulphurous waters have a good reputation, but, in my opinion, without sufficient reason. At Aix-la-Chapelle, for...

Treating Syphilis. Continued: Treating Syphilis With Gold (Aurum) M. Chrestien, of Montpellier, and later, M. Legrand, have reported many cases of both primary and secondary syphilis cured under the influence of gold, and Trous...

Treating Tetanus - Strychnia-Poisoning: Treating Tetanus - Strychnia-Poisoning With Ozone (Oxygen) Richardson refers to some cases of tetanus, under Sir J. Paget, much relieved by oxygen-inhalation; the patients became bathed in perspira...

Treating Tonsillitis: Treating Tonsillitis With Aluminium In early stages even of acute tonsillitis, insufflation of very finely-powdered alum, or warm, weak alum gargles will often assist in cutting short the attack, b...

Treating Tremor: Treating Tremor With Phosphorus In alcoholic tremor, as well as in the mercurial form, and in partial paralysis of the same kind caused by arsenic, Dr. G. De Mussy has found advantage from four-mil...

Treating Typhoid Fever: Treating Typhoid Fever With Water (Aqua) Liebermeister, at Basle, systematized the treatment of typhoid fever by cold baths, and his records show a lowering of mortality from 26 per cent. to 7 per ...

Treating Ulceration - Gangrene: Treating Ulceration - Gangrene With Ozone (Oxygen) The gas has been applied in jet to atonic scrofulous ulcers by M. Demarquay, with much advantage. Gangrene has been attributed by M. Raynaud to...

Treating Unhealthy Wounds: Treating Unhealthy Wounds With Kalium (Potassium) Several compounds of potash have valuable disinfectant and also alterative properties, especially the permanganate (Condy's fluid) and the chlorate...

Treating Urinary Disorder: Treating Urinary Disorder With Dilute Phosphoric Acid (Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum) In phosphatic deposits connected with waste of nervous tissue, and in alkalinity of urine with nerve-depression, ...

Treating Uterine Congestion: Treating Uterine Congestion With Iodine (Iodum) In congestive enlargement of the uterus, with some induration of the cervix connected with sub-involution or chronic inflammation, benefit may be der...

Treating Uterine Disorders: Treating Uterine Disorders With Ammonia Gas (Ammonium) The chloride has often produced good results in amenorrhoea (Cholmeley: Practitioner, vol. ii.), and Dr. Anstie advised it in cases marked by ...

Treating Variola: Treating Variola With Sulphur Sulphide of calcium, I believe, often moderates excessive suppuration in this malady. Treating Variola With Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) Dr. McDonal...

Treating Vesical Catarrh: Treating Vesical Catarrh With Water (Aqua) Warm hip-baths are of much value in this condition, and may be employed two or three times daily, for half an hour or an hour at a time. In gonorrhoeal in...

Treating Vomiting: Treating Vomiting With Hydrochloric Acid (Acidum Hydrochloricum) The acid is useful in the vomiting of fever, and in sympathetic vomiting, and is sometimes indicated in that of ordinary gastric der...

Treating Vomiting Of Pregnancy: Treating Vomiting Of Pregnancy With Iodine (Iodum) I have known 1 to 5 min. doses of the tincture arrest the capricious vomiting, also the pyrosis and heartburn of pregnancy, possibly by a stimulan...

Treating Whooping-Cough: Treating Whooping-Cough With Ozone (Oxygen) Moutard-Martin says that compressed air baths are efficient in this complaint (Union Medical, March 11, 1879). Treating Whooping-Cough With Aluminium ...

Treating Wounds: Treating Wounds With Carbonic Acid (Acidum Carbonicum) Demarquay and Leconte found that atonic and gangrenous ulcers and diphtheritic wounds recovered under applications of carbonic acid gas when t...

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