C17H19No3+H2O=302.34.

Source

An Alkaloid obtained from Opium. Opium is macerated with distilled water, and strained, the infusion is evaporated and filtered. To the filtrate Alcohol and Water of Ammonia are added, and the Morphine crystallizes out. To purify the crystals, they are boiled with Alcohol, the solution filtered, when hot, through Animal Charcoal, and set aside to crystallize.

Characters

Colorless or white, shining prismatic crystals, or fine needles, or a crystalline powder, having a bitter taste.

Solubility

In 4350 parts of water.

Dose, 1/8 to 1/4 gr.; .008 to .015 gm.

Morphinae Hydrochloras. Morphine Hydrochlorate

C17H19No3hcl+3H2O=374.63.

Source

1) Take a cold concentrated watery solution of Opium, precipitate the Meconic acid and resins with Calcium Chloride. The solution contains Morphine Hydrochlorate. (2) Evaporate the solution till it is solid, press to remove coloring matter, exhaust with boiling water, filter, and again evaporate and press; repeat this till the solution is nearly colorless. (3) Complete the decolorization by digesting with Charcoal. (4) Precipitate the Morphine with Ammonia and wash. (5) Dissolve in Hydrochloric Acid and crystallize out.

Characters

White, feathery needles of a silky lustre, or minute, cubical crystals, having a bitter taste.

Solubility

In 24 parts of water; in 62 of Alcohol.

Incompatible. - Lead, iron, copper, mercury and zinc salts; alkaline carbonates; lime water; liquor potassii arsenitis; all substances containing tannin.

Morphine Hydrochlorate is used in Tinctura Chloroformi et Morphinae Composita. (See p. 291.)

Dose, 1/8 to 1/4 gr.; .008 to .015 gm.

Morphinae Acetas. Morphine Acetate

C17H19No3c2h4o2+ 3H2O=398.12.

Source

Morphine is precipitated with Ammonia from a solution of the Hydrochlorate. It is dissolved in Acetic Acid and water, and the neutral solution is evaporated.

Characters

A white, or faintly yellowish white, crystalline or amorphous powder, having a faint, acetous odor, and a bitter taste.

Solubility

In 2.5 parts of water; in 47.6 parts of Alcohol. Many specimens are not so soluble as this. The use of this salt is diminishing as it is unstable, losing Acetic Acid on exposure to air.

Dose, 1/8 to 1/4 gr.; .008 to .015 gm.

Morphine Sulphas. Morphine Sulphate

(C17H19No3)2H2So4 +5H2O=756.38.

Source

Morphine is dissolved in boiling distilled water; diluted Sulphuric Acid is added to neutralization, and on cooling the Sulphate appears in crystals.

Characters

White, feathery, acicular crystals of a silky lustre, and having a bitter taste.

Solubility

In 2 parts of water; sparingly in Alcohol.

Dose, 1/8 to 1/4 gr.; .008 to .015 gm.

Preparations

1. Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. - Compound Powder of Morphine. Synonym. - Tully's Powder. Morphine Sulphate, I; Camphor, 19; Glycyrrhiza, 20; precipitated Calcium Carbonate, 20; Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. By trituration.

Dose, 5. to 15. gr.; .30 to 1.00 gm.

2. Trochisci Morphinae et Ipecacuanhae. - Troches of Morphine and Ipecac. Morphine Sulphate, 0.16; Ipecac, 0.50; Sugar,

65 gm.; Oil of Gaultheria, 0.2 c.c.; Mucilage of Tragacanth, a sufficient quantity to make 100 troches. Strength. - About 1/4 gr.; .0016 gm. of Morphine in each. Dose, 1 to 5 troches. Two solutions of Morphine Sulphate should be carefully distinguished: (1) The U. S. P. Solution (1 to 480 of water), and (2) Magendie's (I to 30 of water). Magendie's Solution as prepared in France is made from the acetate and is somewhat weaker (1 to 3 grs).