Diacetylmorphinae

Eng., Diacetylmorphine. Synonym, Heroine. An alkaloid prepared from morphine. Form.-A white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste.-Odorless, slight taste. Solubility.-In 1700 parts of water or 31 parts of alcohol. Average Dose.-1/20 grain (0.003 Gm.).

Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Gen., Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridi)

Eng., Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride. Synonym, Heroine Hydrochloride. The Hydrochloride of an alkaloid prepared from morphine.

Form

A white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste.-Odorless; a bitter taste. Solubility.-Very soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose.-1/20 grain (0.003 Gm.).

Therapeutic Action

Sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne, hypnotic, narcotic, diaphoretic.

Use

The employment of opium and its preparations and alkaloids covers almost the entire field of medicine. Some of the conditions in which they are particularly employed are renal and intestinal colic, abdominal inflammation, convulsions, diarrhea, dysentery, cough, etc.

Toxicology

The usual symptoms of acute opium poisoning are drowsiness, deepening into coma; slow pulse, contracted pupils, moist skin. During the stage of coma there is slow, stertorous breathing. There may be vomiting. Treatment: The unabsorbed drug should be removed, preferably by washing out the stomach with a solution of potassium permanganate (1:3000). A pint of this should be left in the stomach. Caffeine is probably the best physiological antidote, ami may be given in the form of coffee by mouth or rectum. Other measures are the use of ammonia by mouth and inhalation, atropine, strychnine or camphor by needle. Cold water to head and face, exercise, artificial respiration, etc. Apomorphine hydrochloride being a powerful hypnotic, should not be used as the emetic for opium poisoning except in cases of extreme urgency that are seen early.

Administration

Internally in solution. The preparations most frequently used are the Tincture, the Camphorated Tincture and the Tincture of Deodorized Opium, Morphine Sulphate, Codeine Phosphate, Apomorphine Hydrochloride and Diacetylmor-phine Hydrochloride. For action upon the central nervous system the preparations usually employed are Morphine Sulphate, Codeine Phosphate, Tincture of Opium and Tincture of Deodorized Opium'. Some methods of prescribing are shown in the following:

As a sedative, hypnotic, etc,:

Opium Opium Part 3 1036

or

Codeinae Phosphatis..................................

gr. iv

26

Elixiris Aromatici........................................

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1037

30

00

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary.

As a sedative, hypnotic, etc.;

Opium Opium Part 3 1038

or

Codeinae Phosph......................................

gr. ij

13

Chlorali Hydrati.....................................

gr. xl

2

50

Sodii Bromidi................................................

gr. lxxx

5

00

Aquae.............................................................

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1039

30

00

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary.

As a sedative in threatened abortion:

Opium Opium Part 3 1040

or

Chlorali Hydrati.........................................

gr . xl

2

5

Sodii Bromidi...........................................

gr .lxxx

5

0

Tinct. Opii Deod.........................................

mxl

2

5

Aquas Chloroformi.....................................

q.sOpium Opium Part 3 1041

30

0

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful night and morning when necessary.

As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic:

Opium Opium Part 3 1042

or

Codeinae Sulph........................................

gr. ss

03

Antipyrinae................................................

gr. xvj

1

00

Syr. Aurantii..............................................

q.sOpium Opium Part 3 1043

60

00

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. (For child 2 years old.)

1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children.

For action upon the respiratory system Apomorphine Hydrochloride is employed as a secretory stimulant. Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride, Codeine Phosphate and Camphorated Tincture of Opium are employed as sedatives. Diacetylmorphine has the advantage of being less depressing, generally not affecting the intestinal functions, etc.

Some uses are shown in the following:

For cough, bronchitis, etc.:

Opium Opium Part 3 1044

or

Potassii Citratis......................................

Opium Opium Part 3 1045

30

Limonis Succi..............................................

Opium Opium Part 3 1046

30

Tinct. Opii Camph........................................

Opium Opium Part 3 1047

15

Spir. Vini Gallici...........................................

Opium Opium Part 3 1048

30

Syr. Acidi Citrici..........................................

q.sOpium Opium Part 3 1049

120

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful in water every two hours.

For an"irritative"cough:

Opium Opium Part 3 1050

or

Diacetylmorph. Hydrochlor.....................

gr. ij

13

Ammonii Chloridi..........................................

3iss

6

00

Syr. Ipecacuanhae.......................................

f3ij

8

00

Syr. Pruni Virg...............................................

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1051

120

00

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved.

For a"dry"cough:

Opium Opium Part 3 1052

or

Apomorphinae Hydrochlor............................

gr. ss

03

Potassii Citratis.............................................

3iv

15

00

Limonis Succi...............................................

f3iv

15

00

Syr. Acidi Citrici...............................................

q.sOpium Opium Part 3 1053

90

00

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful in water every two hours.

For an acute cough:

Opium Opium Part 3 1054

or

Codeinae Sulph............................................

gr.iij

2

Tinct. Hyoscyami......................................

f3iij

12

0

Syr. Tolutani..............................................

Opium Opium Part 3 1055

15

0

Aquae..............................................................

Opium Opium Part 3 1056

90

0

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every three .hours.

1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment

In the treatment of the laryngo-bronchial irritation of influenza:

Opium Opium Part 3 1057

or

Codeinae Sulph. ............

gr. iv

26

Ammonii Chlor............

3ij

8

00

Syr. Pruni Virg..............

Opium Opium Part 3 1058

60

00

Spir. Juniperis Comp.................

q.s.Opium Opium Part 3 1059

120

00

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful in water every three hours.

In the treatment of bronchitis:

Opium Opium Part 3 1060

or

Tinct. Opii Camph.,

Spir. Vini Gallici,

Glycerini............

āā.Opium Opium Part 3 1061

30

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful in water every three hours.

In the treatment of cough:

Opium Opium Part 3 1062

or

Tinct. Opii Camph...........

f3iij

12

Spir. Chloroformi..................

f3iss

6

Syrupi Tolutani............

Opium Opium Part 3 1063

30

Aquae............

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1064

90

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. (Shake-label.) (For a child 5 years old.)

In the treatment of spasmodic croup: (For child 2 years old.)

Opium Opium Part 3 1065

or

Ammonii Bromidi..........

3ss

2

Tinct. Opii Camph............

f3ss

2

Tinct. Belladon. Fol.............

mxv

1

Syr. Tolutani..........

Opium Opium Part 3 1066

30

Aquae................

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1067

60

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful in water every hour till relieved.

In the treatment of the cough of measles:

Opium Opium Part 3 1068

or

Potassii Citratis.............

Opium Opium Part 3 1069

15

Limonis Succi.............

Opium Opium Part 3 1070

30

Tinct. Opii Camph.,

Syr. Ipecacuanhae ............

āā. f3ij

8

Syr. Tolutani................

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1071

60

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful in water every two hours.

1 Anders: Practice of Medicine.

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 3 ibid.

4 Anders: Practice of Medicine.

For action upon the intestinal tract the Tincture of Opium, Tincture of Deodorized Opium, Camphorated Tincture of Opium and Morphine Sulphate are commonly used.

Some preparations are shown in the following:

In the treatment of diarrhea:

Opium Opium Part 3 1072

or

Magnesii Sulph...........

3vj

12

Tinct. Opii Deod..............

f3j

4

Acidi Sulph. Arom..............

f3iij

12

Aquae Menth. Pip...............

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1073

180

M.

Sig

Tablespoonful in water every four hours till relieved.

In the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, nausea, etc.:

Opium Opium Part 3 1074

or

Bismuthi Subnit...........

3iij

12

Tinct. Opii Camph.............

f3iij

12

Spir. Chloroformi...........

f3ij

8

Spir. Vini Gallici..........

f3vj

23

Mist. Cretae.............

q.s.Opium Opium Part 3 1075

90

M.

Sig

Tablespoonful every three hours until relieved. (Shake-label.)

Used in the treatment of acute indigestion:

Opium Opium Part 3 1076

or

Tinct. Opii Camph........

f3iij

12

Spir. Ammoniae Arom.,

Spir. Aetheris........

āā.Opium Opium Part 3 1077

15

Tinct. Lavandulae Comp............

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1078

60

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved.

In the treatment of catarrhal enteritis of childhood:

Opium Opium Part 3 1079

or

Bismuthi Subnit.....................

gr.lxxx

5

Tinct. Opii Deod....................

Opium Opium Part 3 1080 xvj

1

Misturae Cretae.....................

q. s.Opium Opium Part 3 1081

60

M.

Sig

Teaspoonful every two hours. (Shake-label.)