This section is from the book "Practical Materia Medica And Prescription Writing", by Oscar W. Bethea. Also available from Amazon: Practical Materia Medica and Prescription Writing.
Eng., Diacetylmorphine. Synonym, Heroine. An alkaloid prepared from morphine. Form.-A white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste.-Odorless, slight taste. Solubility.-In 1700 parts of water or 31 parts of alcohol. Average Dose.-1/20 grain (0.003 Gm.).
Eng., Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride. Synonym, Heroine Hydrochloride. The Hydrochloride of an alkaloid prepared from morphine.
A white crystalline powder. Odor and Taste.-Odorless; a bitter taste. Solubility.-Very soluble in water or alcohol. Average Dose.-1/20 grain (0.003 Gm.).
Sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne, hypnotic, narcotic, diaphoretic.
The employment of opium and its preparations and alkaloids covers almost the entire field of medicine. Some of the conditions in which they are particularly employed are renal and intestinal colic, abdominal inflammation, convulsions, diarrhea, dysentery, cough, etc.
The usual symptoms of acute opium poisoning are drowsiness, deepening into coma; slow pulse, contracted pupils, moist skin. During the stage of coma there is slow, stertorous breathing. There may be vomiting. Treatment: The unabsorbed drug should be removed, preferably by washing out the stomach with a solution of potassium permanganate (1:3000). A pint of this should be left in the stomach. Caffeine is probably the best physiological antidote, ami may be given in the form of coffee by mouth or rectum. Other measures are the use of ammonia by mouth and inhalation, atropine, strychnine or camphor by needle. Cold water to head and face, exercise, artificial respiration, etc. Apomorphine hydrochloride being a powerful hypnotic, should not be used as the emetic for opium poisoning except in cases of extreme urgency that are seen early.
Internally in solution. The preparations most frequently used are the Tincture, the Camphorated Tincture and the Tincture of Deodorized Opium, Morphine Sulphate, Codeine Phosphate, Apomorphine Hydrochloride and Diacetylmor-phine Hydrochloride. For action upon the central nervous system the preparations usually employed are Morphine Sulphate, Codeine Phosphate, Tincture of Opium and Tincture of Deodorized Opium'. Some methods of prescribing are shown in the following:
As a sedative, hypnotic, etc,:
or | |||
Codeinae Phosphatis.................................. | gr. iv | 26 | |
Elixiris Aromatici........................................ | q. s. | 30 | 00 |
M.
Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary.
As a sedative, hypnotic, etc.;
or | |||
Codeinae Phosph...................................... | gr. ij | 13 | |
Chlorali Hydrati..................................... | gr. xl | 2 | 50 |
Sodii Bromidi................................................ | gr. lxxx | 5 | 00 |
Aquae............................................................. | q. s. | 30 | 00 |
M.
Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary.
As a sedative in threatened abortion:
or | |||
Chlorali Hydrati......................................... | gr . xl | 2 | 5 |
Sodii Bromidi........................................... | gr .lxxx | 5 | 0 |
Tinct. Opii Deod......................................... | mxl | 2 | 5 |
Aquas Chloroformi..................................... | q.s | 30 | 0 |
M.
Teaspoonful night and morning when necessary.
As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic:
or | |||
Codeinae Sulph........................................ | gr. ss | 03 | |
Antipyrinae................................................ | gr. xvj | 1 | 00 |
Syr. Aurantii.............................................. | q.s | 60 | 00 |
M.
Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. (For child 2 years old.)
1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children.
For action upon the respiratory system Apomorphine Hydrochloride is employed as a secretory stimulant. Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride, Codeine Phosphate and Camphorated Tincture of Opium are employed as sedatives. Diacetylmorphine has the advantage of being less depressing, generally not affecting the intestinal functions, etc.
Some uses are shown in the following:
For cough, bronchitis, etc.:
or | |||
Potassii Citratis...................................... | 30 | ||
Limonis Succi.............................................. | 30 | ||
Tinct. Opii Camph........................................ | 15 | ||
Spir. Vini Gallici........................................... | 30 | ||
Syr. Acidi Citrici.......................................... | q.s | 120 |
M.
Teaspoonful in water every two hours.
For an"irritative"cough:
or | |||
Diacetylmorph. Hydrochlor..................... | gr. ij | 13 | |
Ammonii Chloridi.......................................... | 3iss | 6 | 00 |
Syr. Ipecacuanhae....................................... | f3ij | 8 | 00 |
Syr. Pruni Virg............................................... | q. s. | 120 | 00 |
M.
Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved.
For a"dry"cough:
or | |||
Apomorphinae Hydrochlor............................ | gr. ss | 03 | |
Potassii Citratis............................................. | 3iv | 15 | 00 |
Limonis Succi............................................... | f3iv | 15 | 00 |
Syr. Acidi Citrici............................................... | q.s | 90 | 00 |
M.
Teaspoonful in water every two hours.
For an acute cough:
or | |||
Codeinae Sulph............................................ | gr.iij | 2 | |
Tinct. Hyoscyami...................................... | f3iij | 12 | 0 |
Syr. Tolutani.............................................. | 15 | 0 | |
Aquae.............................................................. | 90 | 0 |
M.
Teaspoonful every three .hours.
1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment
In the treatment of the laryngo-bronchial irritation of influenza:
or | |||
Codeinae Sulph. ............ | gr. iv | 26 | |
Ammonii Chlor............ | 3ij | 8 | 00 |
Syr. Pruni Virg.............. | 60 | 00 | |
Spir. Juniperis Comp................. | q.s. | 120 | 00 |
M.
Teaspoonful in water every three hours.
In the treatment of bronchitis:
or | |||
Tinct. Opii Camph., | |||
Spir. Vini Gallici, | |||
Glycerini............ | āā. | 30 |
M.
Teaspoonful in water every three hours.
In the treatment of cough:
or | |||
Tinct. Opii Camph........... | f3iij | 12 | |
Spir. Chloroformi.................. | f3iss | 6 | |
Syrupi Tolutani............ | 30 | ||
Aquae............ | q. s. | 90 |
M.
Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. (Shake-label.) (For a child 5 years old.)
In the treatment of spasmodic croup: (For child 2 years old.)
or | |||
Ammonii Bromidi.......... | 3ss | 2 | |
Tinct. Opii Camph............ | f3ss | 2 | |
Tinct. Belladon. Fol............. | mxv | 1 | |
Syr. Tolutani.......... | 30 | ||
Aquae................ | q. s. | 60 |
M.
Teaspoonful in water every hour till relieved.
In the treatment of the cough of measles:
or | |||
Potassii Citratis............. | 15 | ||
Limonis Succi............. | 30 | ||
Tinct. Opii Camph., | |||
Syr. Ipecacuanhae ............ | āā. f3ij | 8 | |
Syr. Tolutani................ | q. s. | 60 |
M.
Teaspoonful in water every two hours.
1 Anders: Practice of Medicine.
2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 3 ibid.
4 Anders: Practice of Medicine.
For action upon the intestinal tract the Tincture of Opium, Tincture of Deodorized Opium, Camphorated Tincture of Opium and Morphine Sulphate are commonly used.
Some preparations are shown in the following:
In the treatment of diarrhea:
or | |||
Magnesii Sulph........... | 3vj | 12 | |
Tinct. Opii Deod.............. | f3j | 4 | |
Acidi Sulph. Arom.............. | f3iij | 12 | |
Aquae Menth. Pip............... | q. s. | 180 |
M.
Tablespoonful in water every four hours till relieved.
In the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, nausea, etc.:
or | |||
Bismuthi Subnit........... | 3iij | 12 | |
Tinct. Opii Camph............. | f3iij | 12 | |
Spir. Chloroformi........... | f3ij | 8 | |
Spir. Vini Gallici.......... | f3vj | 23 | |
Mist. Cretae............. | q.s. | 90 |
M.
Tablespoonful every three hours until relieved. (Shake-label.)
Used in the treatment of acute indigestion:
or | |||
Tinct. Opii Camph........ | f3iij | 12 | |
Spir. Ammoniae Arom., | |||
Spir. Aetheris........ | āā. | 15 | |
Tinct. Lavandulae Comp............ | q. s. | 60 |
M.
Teaspoonful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved.
In the treatment of catarrhal enteritis of childhood:
or | |||
Bismuthi Subnit..................... | gr.lxxx | 5 | |
Tinct. Opii Deod.................... | xvj | 1 | |
Misturae Cretae..................... | q. s. | 60 |
M.
Teaspoonful every two hours. (Shake-label.)
 
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