A Practical Treatise On Materia Medica And Therapeutics | by Roberts Bartholow
A volume on Materia Medica and Therapeutics should, in these days,
present some new features of importance if it would worthily occupy a
place alongside of the excellent works now accessible to American
readers. An examination of this treatise will disclose the fact that
it differs from other works in its scheme of classification, in the
subjects discussed, and in the very practical character of the
information.
A Practical Treatise On
Materia Medica And
Therapeutics
By
Roberts Bartholow, M. A., M. D., LL. D.
Professor Emeritus of Materia Medica, General Therapeutics, and
Hygiene, in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia ; formerly
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics and of the Practice of
Medicine in the Medical College of Ohio ; Fellow of the College of
Physicians of Philadelphia ; Member of the American Philosophical
Society ; Honorary Fellow of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh ;
Honorary Member of the Société Medico-pratique de Paris, and of
various National, State, and County Medical Societies. Author of a
Treatise on the Practice of Medicine ; of a Treatise on Medical
Electricity ; of a Manual of Hypodermatic Medication ; of the Russell
and Jewett Prize Essays, and Prize Essays of the American Medical
Association and of the Rhode Island Medical Society, etc.
Eleventh Edition, Revised And Enlarged
New York And London
D. Appleton And Company
1903
Copyright, 1876, 1877, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1887, 1889, 1893, 1896,
1899, 1908, By D. Appleton And Company.
Printed At The Appleton Press, New York, U. S. A.
To The Memory Of
Father, Mother, And Brothers,
By The Survivor.
Preface To The Eleventh Edition- In preparing this edition I have corrected some typographical and other errors, and have added various new articles which will, I hope, improve the interest ...
Preface To The Tenth Edition- In sending forth the tenth edition of this work, I can do no less than thank my readers for this evidence of the esteem in which they continue to hold it. To ...
Preface To The Ninth Edition- In preparing the ninth edition it has been found necessary to enlarge the work by forty-five pages. Additions and alterations have been made at all points to ...
Preface To The Eighth Edition- The decennial revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia involves so many changes in remedies and formulae, that a treatise on Materia Medica must of ...
Preface To The First Edition- To offer to the medical profession a new treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics may appear to be a labor of supererogation. The medical literature of this ...
Schema- Part I. Modes in which Medicines are introduced into the Organism. Part II. The Actions and Uses of Remedial Agents. I. Systemic Remedies: 1. Those used to ...
Part I. Routes By Which Medicines Are Introduced Into The Organism- I. Through The External Integument By this tissue medicines are applied in the following modes: Enepidermatic. Epidermatic. Endermatic.
Enepidermatic Route To Introduce Medicines Into The Organism- In this method, the medicament is placed in contact, only, with the epidermis, and friction, to hasten absorption, is not employed. Although the epidermis ...
Epidermatic Route To Introduce Medicines Into The Organism- This method differs from the enepidermatic in that friction is employed to promote absorption by forcing the medicament between the cells of the epidermatic ...
Endermatic Route To Introduce Medicines Into The Organism- As the epidermis is the chief obstacle to cutaneous absorption, it is sometimes removed by blistering, so that the medicament may come into immediate contact ...
II. Introducing Medicines Into The Organism Through The Internal Integument- Applications to the Broncho-pulmonary Mucous Membrane. By the method of insufflation solid medicinal agents in a finely-divided state are applied to various ...
Inhalations- Vapors of medicinal substances, and gases, are conducted with the air into the bronchial tubes and the air-sacs. Vapor of creosote, carbolic acid, iodine, ...
Atomization or Pulverization- Air or steam is the motive power in the various forms of apparatus used for reducing solutions of medicinal agents into spray. Of those now in use, the hand- ...
When should Medicines be Administered?- The curative effects of remedies may be retarded, changed in form, or prevented, by untimely administration. Remedies that are intended to act on the mucous ...
III. Introducing Medicines Into The Organism By The Subcutaneous Areolar Tissue. The Hypodermatic Or Hypodermic Method- The term hypodermic is used in conformity with the nomenclature already existing as epidermic, endermic, etc. but the termination of the word is now altered in ...
Preparing Solutions- When the quantity of the medicament to be used hypodermatically is sufficient in bulk, the most convenient mode of procedure is to prepare extemporaneous ...
Injections of Organic Liquids- When the experiments made by Brown-Séquard with testicular juice were published, an extraordinary degree of attention was attracted to the subject, and ...
Hypodermatoclysis- By this name Cantani, of Naples, has introduced a method of treating cholera, which, as the title imports, is an extension of the ordinary hypodermatic ...
Infiltration Anaesthesia. Schleich's Method- Schleich's method. Closely allied to the method of subcutaneous medication is the plan of inducing anæsthesia by injection into the skin itself, so as to ...
IV. Introducing Medicines Into The Organism By The Veins- The injection into the veins of medicinal agents is dangerous or not, according to the character of the material so used. Numerous experiences have ...
Blood Transfusion- This consists in an operation for substituting healthy-blood for the abnormal fluid occurring in certain diseases, and for supplying blood in cases in which a ...
Arterial Transfusion- Prof. Albanese has proposed injection of defibrinated blood into an artery, either the radial or posterior tibial, as a substitute for the intra-venous ...
Transfusion of Milk- The experiments of Donne on animals demonstrated the harmlessness of the intra-venous injection of milk. Hodder, of Canada, was the first to employ this ...
Peritoneal Transfusion- To the various kinds of transfusion must now be added this form, originally proposed by Ponfick. With antiseptic precautions, a trocar with canula is passed ...
Infusion of Salt Solution- The solution of common salt from 1 to 5 per cent in distilled and sterilized water, is employed for this purpose. A fountain syringe with a suitable needle for ...
V. Prescription Writing. The Trot System- Until the Pharmacopoeia of 1890 appeared, the weights used in compounding drugs were from the Troy pound, and the measures from the wine gallon. These are ...
Terms Used in Prescription Writing- A medical prescription is a formal expression of the physician's instructions addressed to the authorized compounder of medicines the apothecary. The word ...
The Metric System- Since the introduction of the metric system, its use has become almost universal among scientific men as the standard of weights and measures. It was not, ...
Part II. The Actions And Uses Of Remedial Agents. Those Used To Promote Constructive Metamorphosis Aliments- This extensive subject can, in this work, be considered briefly only, and from the point of view of therapeutics. The various aliments are of the first ...
The Physiological Relations of Food- The food of man is derived from the three great kingdoms of nature : mineral, vegetable, animal. It may be conveniently classified into three principal groups : ...
Food For The Sick: Animal- One of the most important articles of diet for the sick is Beef, which should be of good quality. The bone should not exceed 20 per cent; the fat should be ...
Food For The Sick: Animal. Continued- In order to test the relative value of the animal foods considered in the foregoing pages, Marchai de Calvi (Fonssagrives) made a series of elaborate ...
Food For The Sick: Powdered Beef- One of the most efficient alimentary preparations is beef, desiccated and reduced to a state of powder. This is largely employed by French physicians as a ...
Food For The Sick: Eggs- The following observations refer to the eggs of the domestic chicken. The egg is composed of four distinct parts: the shell; the membranous envelope of the ...
Food For The Sick: Milk- Milk is one of the most important articles of food for the sick, and enters largely into the composition of various diets. It is constituted essentially of ...
Koumiss- This is a fluid obtained from mare's-milk by fermentation, and constitutes the principal part of the food of the people inhabiting a portion of Tartary. It ...
Galazyme and Kefyr- As the milk of mares and asses can not be procured in quantity in this country, it is necessary, if preparations like koumiss are to be made, to employ for ...
Preparations of Milk- Milk is prepared by predigestion with pepsin (peptonizing), or with pancreatin (pancreatinizing). Milk is peptonized by adding some powdered pepsin, or ...
Food For The Sick: Fish- A great many varieties of fish are used as foods to which it is necessary to allude in general terms only. Salted fish is not a suitable article of food for ...
Food For The Sick: Vegetable- The most important members of this class of foods are the cereal grains wheat, rye, corn, rice, buckwheat, oats, and barley. The universality of its ...
Food For The Sick: Vegetable. Continued- A comparison of its chemical composition with that of wheat or corn will show that it is by no means equal to them in nutritive value. It is obviously unfitted ...
Special Plans Of Diet- The food-supplies to the organism may be so managed as to secure very definite therapeutical results. By increasing or diminishing the whole amount of foods ...
Denutrition- The amount of food necessary for bare subsistence has been pretty accurately determined. During the siege of Paris the 6 daily ration was at one time reduced ...
Aneurism- A low diet, with absolute rest, is of great value in the treatment of internal aneurisms. The diet should be only sufficient to maintain life. The method of ...
Syphilis- It is certainly an eminently rational expedient to relieve the organism of a virus by a continuous and gradual molecular destruction and a renewal of the ...
Dry Diet- This consists in a decided diminution or a temporary total suspension of liquid of all kinds. It is well known that water constitutes about two thirds of the ...
Vegetable Diet- The special indications for the use of vegetable food are reserved for the sections on diet in special diseases. It is necessary, however, to say something ...
Animal Diet- The more or less exclusive use of animal food improves the quality of the blood by increasing the number of the red corpuscles. The urine rises in specific ...
Milk-Diet- The numerous and important applications of milk-diet in the treatment of certain forms of disease render it necessary to devote considerable space to the ...
Koumiss-Cure- Koumiss differs from whey in containing the nutritive constituents of milk, and from milk itself in the important respect that it is in addition an ...
Buttermilk-Cure- To the efforts of Dr. Ballot, of Rotterdam, is due the knowledge we now possess of the value of buttermilk as a food for infants. The relative composition of ...
Infant-Feeding- It has already been stated that fresh milk of the cow is the best substitute for the mother's-milk. Some additional observations as to the management of cow's- ...
Milk-Jelly- Prof. Liebreich recommends the following: Heat one quart of milk with one pound of sugar, and, when the sugar is dissolved, continue the heat at a boiling ...
Poisonous Milk and Cream- The importance of milk as an exclusive article of diet, as an addition to ordinary aliments, and as a constituent of various foods, is so great that some ...
Alimentation In Diseases. Aliment in Acute Inflammations and Fevers- The febrile state induces serious changes in the constitution of solids and liquids. The interstitial fat disappears from the tissues, which become soft and ...
Formulas For Animal Broths- Beef-Tea. A pound of lean beef should be freed from fat. tendon, cartilage, bone, and vessels; it must be chopped up fine, and put in a pint of cold water to ...
Formulas For Diet-Drinks- Wine-Whey. Put two pints of new milk in a saucepan, and stir it over a clear fire till it is nearly boiling; then add a gill of sherry, and simmer it for a ...
Aliments in Diseases of the Digestive Organs- In acute and chronic affections of the digestive organs, especially the latter, the skim-milk treatment, already described, possesses the highest value. When ...
Aliment in Cachectic States- To store up fat in the tissues and to increase muscular power, the diet must consist of both nitrogenous and carbonaceous elements. The fats themselves hold ...
Formulas For Various Articles Of Diet- Lemonade Put the juice of a lemon to a pint of water, in which an ounce of sugar has been dissolved; then add the white of an egg and froth it up. It may be ...
Formulas For Various Articles Of Diet. Continued- Meat-Tea Pat one pound each of beef, mutton, and veal, cut into small pieces, into three pints of cold water. It should simmer for three or four hours, but not ...
Nutrient Enemata- It not unfrequently happens that the stomach will not receive and dispose of nutrient materials, when it becomes necessary to employ nutrient rectal injections.
Supplementary Rectal Alimentation- Under this designation, Dr. A. H. Smith, of New York, describes a method of rectal alimentation with defibrinated blood, which seems in a high degree useful.
Forced Alimentation- A method of involuntary feeding, proposed by Debove, has accomplished so much good that it is necessary to give an account of the mode of procedure. It is ...
Coffee- The seed of Caffea Arabica; café, Fr.; Kaffee, Ger. Composition Coffee contains an alkaloid caffeine which is nearly, if not quite, identical with theine, a ...
Tea- The dried leaves of Camellia Thea; th'e, Fr.; Thee, Ger. Composition The constituents of tea are very much the same as those of coffee: theine; an aromatic oil; ...
Cocoa- Obtained from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao; cocoa, Fr.; Kakao, Ger. Composition The active principle is theobromine, a substance which resembles the alkaloids ...
Milk- Regarded from all points of view, milk is the most important beverage. Enough has been said on the subject of milk as a food for invalids; but something ...
Water- Aqua Aqua, water; eau, Fr.; Wasser, Ger.; Aqua destillata, distilled water water freed from its organic and inorganic impurities by distillation. This is alone ...
Effects of Cold Water- When an extremity for example, the hand is immersed in cold water, the temperature of the other hand also falls. Cold water abstracts the heat of the body, at ...
Effects of Warm Water- The degree of effect which is produced by the immersion of the body in warm water is influenced by the temperature; but the quality of the effect is the same ...
Modes of Applying Water- The water of a cold bath should have a temperature of 40 to 60 Fahr. If employed for its tonic action, the patient should not remain in it longer than the ...
The Wet-Pack- This efficient means of producing the good effects of cold-water applications consists in wrapping the body in a linen sheet wrung out in cold water. The ...
The Douche- This consists in the impact against the body of a column of water from a height. No greater height than ten feet, and a column not larger than four inches, ...
The Hip or Sitz Bath- As regards temperature, this bath may be cold, tepid, warm, or hot, according to the indications requiring it. The apparatus for administering it consists of a ...
Water Therapy for Disease Treatment- The applications of water in the treatment of disease are numerous and important. In tonsillitis, diphtheria, and croup, ice held in the mouth and allowed to ...
Water Therapy for Disease Treatment. Part 2- Cold baths are of equal utility in scarlatina. In mild and uncomplicated cases of this disease, no remedies are required, and simple sponging of the body, ...
Water Therapy for Disease Treatment. Part 3- Cold and hot applications have unquestionable value in inflammatory affections of the abdominal organs. The author has seen excellent results from the ...
Heat- Physiological Actions It is difficult to assign heat to its proper position in a systematic classification. As a stimulant to the vital processes, it pertains ...
Modes of Applying Heat 1. Solar Heat- The rays of the sun may be applied directly to the whole surface, or to any part of the body. When the whole body is exposed to the rays of the summer sun, the ...
2. Artificial Heat- There are various modes of applying artificial heat. It may be dry or moist. Moist Heat The Vapor-Bath. It consists simply in the application of the vapor of ...
Heat Therapy- Warm applications possess a high degree of utility in the various painful and inflammatory affections of the abdominal organs. Acute peritonitis, local or ...
Air. The Atmosphere- As a therapeutical agent, only, is air to be considered here. Nevertheless, various hygienical relations of the subject are also therapeutical, and must ...
2. Impure Air- So essential to life is the supply of oxygen to warm-blooded animals, that they can not be deprived of it, even for a very short time, without danger to life.
Effects of Compressed Air- Our knowledge of this subject is derived in part from observations made on workmen engaged in underground avocations requiring them to labor under greatly ...
Air as a Therapeutical Agent- As a general rule, the sick require more air-space than the healthy. The mere cubic dimensions are much less important than the amount of oxygen available for ...
Hot Air- Since it has been shown by Pasteur that the vinous fermentation is arrested by raising to the temperature of 160 Fahr. the bottles containing new wine, this ...
Massage- Definition The term massage is probably derived from the Arab word mass, which signifies to knead. The French word massage is equivalent to the term shampooing, ...
Pepsin- Pepsina vel pepsinum; pepsina porci; pepsine, Fr.; Ver-dauungsstoff, Ger. Definition A proteolytic ferment or enzyme obtained from the glandular layer of the ...
Liquor Pepsini- Solution of pepsin is composed of saccharated pepsin in solution in water and glycerin, and acidulated with hydrochloric acid. Dose: a tea spoonful ter in die, ...
Pepsin Therapy- Pepsin is, of course, indicated in stomach-disorders characterized by a deficiency of this essential principle. As Fenwick has shown, the amount of pepsin ...
Carica Papaya- A member of the Passaflorinece. It resembles the Cncurbitaceae in the form of its fruit, and by some authorities it is placed in a separate class the ...
The Actions and Uses of PapÄin (Papaya)- It is as a solvent of albuminous substances, as a digestive, that papäin comes into consideration. As compared with pepsin its range is far wider. While pepsin ...
Acidum Lacticum. Lactic Acid- Acidum Lacticum Lactic Acid Lactic acid; acide lactique, Fr.; Milchsäure, Ger. Properties It is an acid, sirupy liquid, which contains 75 per cent of absolute ...
Mineral Acids- Aciäum Sulphuricum. Sulphuric acid. A liquid composed of not less than 925 per cent of absolute sulphuric acid. A colorless, oily liquid, inodorous, and having ...
Mineral Acid Therapy- Not much need be said of the use of the mineral acids in affections of the mouth and throat. Formerly they were much employed in the treatment of mercurial and ...
Local or Topical Uses of the Mineral Acids- Some allusions have been made to the local application of muriatic acid in diseases of the throat and of the acid bath in hepatic affections. It will not be ...
Oils And Fats- Adeps Lard. Saindoux, Fr.; Schweineschmalz, Ger. Below the temperature of 86 Fahr. a soft solid. Adeps Benzoinatus Benzoinated lard. Lard, 1,000 grm.; benzoin, ...
Oleum Morrhuae. Cod-liver Oil- Oleum Morrhuae Cod-liver Oil Cod-liver oil. Huile de morue, Fr.; Leber-thran, Ger. A fixed oil obtained from the fresh livers of Gadus mor-rhua, or of other ...
Physiological Actions of Oils And Fats- An oil or fat applied by friction to the epidermis will disappear, and, as a positive gain may thus accrue, it is reasonable to suppose that not only ...
Mode of Administration of Cod-Liver Oil- As cod-liver oil is extremely repugnant to many patients, it is desirable to prescribe it in as agreeable a form as possible. It can easily be taken in gelatin ...
Phosphorus And Some Of Its Compounds- Phosphorus Phosphore, Fr.; Phosphor, Ger. A translucent, nearly colorless solid, resembling wax, without taste, but having a peculiar smell. Its specific ...
Physiological Actions of Phosphorus and Some of its Compounds- The vapor of phosphorus is highly irritating to the conjunctiva and to the broncho-pulmonary mucous membrane. If caries of the teeth exist, necrosis of the ...
Phosphorus Therapy- The author enjoins on his readers the necessity for caution in the use of phosphorus. As this agent so readily induces an acute fatty degeneration, when taken ...
Phosphites And Phosphates- Preparations Syrupus Calcii Lacto-phosphatis. Sirup of the lacto-phosphate of calcium. Dose, a teaspoonful. Lactic acid has the property of dissolving freshly- ...
Physiological Actions of Phosphate of Lime- There is no part of the body which does not contain, or does not yield on incineration, phosphate of lime. It gives solidity to the osseous framework of the ...
Physiological Actions of Phosphate of Sodium- This salt is soluble in water in the proportion of four per cent. Hence it may be given in solution, and will readily diffuse through into the blood. In the ...
Phosphate Therapy- In cases of the so-called bilious sick-headache, phosphate of soda is a most useful laxative. A permanent cure of this very troublesome malady may be wrought ...
Iron And Its Preparations- Ferrum Fer, Fr. ; Eisen, Ger. In the form of fine, bright, non-elastic wire. Ferrum Reductum Reduced iron. Ferri pulvis. A tasteless powder of an iron-gray ...
Iron And Its Preparations. Part 2- Syrupus Ferri Iodidi Sirup of ferrous iodide. A transparent liquid of a pale-green color. Composition: Iodine, iron, sirup. Dose, x lx. Pilulae Ferri Iodidi ...
Iron And Its Preparations. Part 3- Ferrum Dialysatum Dialyzed iron. This preparation is made by the process of diffusion, and is iron in the colloid state. It is odorless, without the styptic ...
Physiological Actions of Iron- Although metallic iron is inert, yet in the stomach it enters into combination dissolved in the acids, and then acquires molecular activity. As a result of its ...
Iron Therapy- Iron-spray a weak solution of the liquor ferri subsul-phatis ( 3 j oz viij) is very serviceable as an astringent in obstinate cases of epistaxis. The nozzle of ...
Iron Therapy. Continued- The treatment of erysipelas by large doses ( x 3 j every four hours) of tincture of chloride of iron is now very generally adopted. It is questionable whether ...
Ferratin- By this term is meant a proprietary preparation of iron and albumin, the discovery of which we owe to Schmiedeberg and Marfori. It is an organic preparation, ...
Manganum. Manganese- Manganum Manganese Mangan, Ger. ; manganése, Fr. Mangani Dioxidum Manganese dioxide. Dose, gr. ij gr. x. In pill or powder. Mangani Sulphas Manganese sulphate.
Actions and Uses of the Permanganate of Potassa- This salt is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and yields up its oxygen readily in the form of ozone. Its use as an internal and external remedy is based on ...
Manganese-rich Mineral Springs- 1 North American Chalybeate Mineral Springs. Bailey Springs, Lauderdale County, Alabama. These springs contain carbonates of potassa, soda, magnesia, carbonic- ...
Therapy of Chalybeate Waters- The uses of these waters are the same as the purely medicinal preparations of iron. They are indicated in chlorosis and anaemia, to supply to the blood the ...
Bismuthum. Bismuth- Bismuthum Bismuth Bismuthi Subcarbonas. Bismuth subcarbonate. A white or yellowish-white powder, without taste or smell, insoluble in water. Dose, gr. x 3 j, ...
Bismuth Therapy- In the aphthae of children, nursing sore mouth, the milder cases of mercurial salivation, and in those painful ulcers of the mucous membrane of the mouth due ...
Arsenicum. Arsenic- Arsenicum Arsenic Acidum arsenosum; arsenous acid. Acide arsénieux, Fr.; Arsenige Saure, Ger. Dose, 1/30 - 1/10 grain. Arseni Iodidum Arsenic iodide. Is an ...
Arsenic Therapy- The preparations of arsenic are applicable to the treatment of the diseases of those tissues upon which it has a selective action. No remedy is more useful ...
External Uses of Arsenic- An arsenical paste having the following composition is used to destroy the sensibility of a carious tooth: arsenious acid, ij ; sulphate of morphia, j ; ...
The Simple Bitters- Quassia Quassi amer, Fr. ; Quassienholz, Ger. The wood of Picraena excelsa Lindley ( Quassia excelsa Swartz; Nat. Ord. Simaru-bacece). Preparations Extractum ...
Physiological Actions of the Simple Bitters- The simple bitters increase secretion from the mucous membrane. In the mouth they promote the flow of saliva, and in the stomach they appear to stimulate the ...
Aromatic Bitters- Serpentaria Virginia snakeroot. Serpetitaire de Virginie, Fr.; Schlangenwurzel, Ger. The rhizoma and rootlets of Aristolochia serpentaria Linné, and of ...
Actions and Uses of Aromatic Bitters- These remedies possess the quality called tonic; they invigorate digestion, and promote constructive metamorphosis. They differ from the simple bitters in ...
Oleum Erigerontis and Oleum Erechthites- Oleum Erigerontis A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb of Erigeron canadense Linné (Nat. Ord. Gompositae). Oleum Erechthites A volatile oil ...
Eucalyptus- Leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labillardiére (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae). Preparations Tinctura Eucalypti. (Not official.) Tincture of eucalyptus. Dose, 3 ss 3 ij.
Hydrastis- The rhizoma and roots of Hydrastis canadensis Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Yellow root. Preparations Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum. Fluid extract of ...
Cinchona- Cinchona. The bark of Cinchona calisaya Wed-dell, Cinchona officinalis Linné, and of hybrids of these and of other species of Cinchona (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae) ...
Quinina. Quinine- Quinina Quinine Quinine. An alkaloid obtained from the bark of various species of cinchona. A white, flaky, amorphous or crystalline powder, odorless, and ...
Physiological Actions of Cinchona- The preparations of cinchona are known as astringent bitters : they contain, in addition to bitter principles, two tannic acids. As bitters they act as ...
Physiological Actions of Cinchona. Continued- In small doses quinine exerts a distinct stimulant effect on the cerebrum, increases the mental activity, and even exhilarates in some mobile constitutions. As ...
Quinine Therapy (Cinchona)- A solution of quinine will sometimes, when applied to the nares, arrest an attack of summer catarrh, a malady which appears to he produced by the pollen of ...
Quinine Therapy (Cinchona). Part 2- A few large doses at short intervals until the necessary quantity is reached, or a single maximum dose if the stomach is tolerant, should be prescribed, rather ...
Quinine Therapy (Cinchona). Part 3- In the so-called pernicious fever, it is agreed on all hands that the safety of the patient is secured only by the prompt use of large doses (twenty to sixty ...
Subcutaneous and Local Uses of Quinine- The increasing use of quinine hypodermatically requires further consideration of this subject. In pernicious intermittents and remittents, when life is put in ...
Orexilie- When first employed as a stomachic tonic it was administered in the form of the hydrochlorate. This proved so unpleasant in its effect on the stomach, and ...
Agents Promoting Destructive Metamorphosis Or Increasing Waste. Alkalies. Potassium- Potassium Preparations: Potassa. Potassa; potasse, Fr.; Kali hydricum, Ger. Caustic potash. Occurs in cylindrical rods, is very deliquescent, and dissolves in ...
Physiological Action of the Potash Salts- The most recent experiments having shown that potash has quite distinct properties from the other alkalies of the group, each member of the group is considered ...
Therapy of the Potash Salts- Chlorate of potash is in almost universal use as a remedy for catarrhal inflammation of the mouth, and fauces, for acute tonsillitis, aphthous ulcerations of ...
Sodium. Soda- Sodium Soda Soda; Natrium, Ger.; soude, Fr. Dry, white, translucent pencils, or fused masses. Is soluble in water and in alcohol. Liquor Sodae Solution of soda.
Physiological Actions of the Salts of Sodium- In respect to the merely alkaline properties, there is a close correspondence between potassium and sodium, but as regards other properties there is a wide ...
Therapy of Sodium Salts- One of the important salts of soda the phosphate has been considered under the head of phosphates. The soda salts are to be preferred in the alkaline treatment ...
Calcium- Calx. Lime; Kalk, Ger.; chaux, Fr. Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus. Precipitated calcium carbonate. A fine, white powder, insoluble in water. Dose, gr. v j.
Lithium- Lithium. Lithii Carbonas Lithium carbonate. A white powder, soluble in water (1 in 80, but more soluble in water saturated with carbon dioxide). Dose, gr. ij ...
External Applications of the Alkalies- A solution of common soda (impure bicarbonate) freely applied will often remove the fetid sweat of the feet, and the odorous emanations which in some subjects ...
Alkaline Mineral Springs- 1. North America. Bladon Springs, Choctaw County, Alabama. A rolling, pine-woods region. They contain carbonate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of ...
Therapeutical Uses of the Alkaline Mineral Waters- As we have seen that alkalies taken before meals increase the production of acid gastric juice, the alkaline mineral waters are serviceable in atonic dyspepsia.
Saline Mineral Waters- 1. North American. St. Catharine's Wells, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada. These contain chloride of sodium (217 to 375 grains to the pint), chlorides of ...
Ammonium And Its Preparations- Preparations Ammonii Benzoas. Ammonium benzoate. Benzoic acid and ammonia. In minute, white, shining, thin, four-sided, laminar crystals; bitter, saline, and ...
Ammonia Therapy- Ammonia and its carbonate are sometimes used to diminish acidity of the stomach-juices. Obstinate vomiting, after irritating substances are removed, and when ...
Vapor of Ammonium Chloride- An apparatus for generating fumes of ammonium chloride has long been in use for the relief of affections of the upper nasal passages. I am indebted to my ...
Barium- Barii Chloridum Chloride of barium. Occurs in colorless, translucent tablets. It is soluble in diluted alcohol, and freely and entirely soluble in water. Dose, ...
Vegetable Acids- Acidum Aceticum Acetic acid. Liquid; specific gravity 1 048. Colorless, having a pungent and characteristic odor. Of this acid one hundred grains neutralize ...
Acidum Oxalicu. Oxalic Acid- Acidum Oxalicu Oxalic Acid Properties Oxalic acid occurs in flat oblique rhombic prisms, transparent, colorless, soluble in about eight parts of cold water, ...
Sulphurous Acid And The Sulphites- Acidum Sulphurosum Sulphurous acid. A colorless liquid, having the odor of burning sulphur, and a sulphurous, sour, and somewhat astringent taste. Dose, v 3 j- ...
Sulphur and Sulphides (Sulphurets)- Potassa Sulphurata Sulphurated potassa has a brownish-yellow color when freshly broken. It dissolves in water, with the exception of a slight residue, and ...
External Uses of the Sulphides- A solution of the sulphide of potassium ( 3 ss oz j) is an efficient application in scabies. An extemporaneous sulphide may be made by boiling one part of ...
Sulphurous Mineral Waters- 1. North America French-Lick Springs. West-Baden Springs, Orange County, Indiana. Indian Springs, Martin County, Indiana. These waters contain carbonates of ...
Iodine And Its Preparations- Iodine Iodum Iode, Fr.; Iod, Ger. ; Iodum, Latin. Iodum Iodine. In bluish-black crystalline scales, having a metallic luster; very slightly soluble in water (1 ...
Iodides- The iodides are among the most diffusible substances. They have a bitter, saline, and very disagreeable taste. In a few minutes after being swallowed, the ...
Iodism- When the prolonged administration of iodine or iodides becomes necessary, certain precautions must be observed to prevent the development of iodism. Especially ...
Iodine Therapy- The selection of an iodide for internal administration is influenced by the type of the individual, by the condition of the heart, and by the purpose to be ...
Local Uses of the Preparations of Iodine- The tincture of iodine is in universal use as a counter-irritant. It is applied by means of a camel's-hair brush to goitre, to enlarged glands, and to ...
Iodo-Tannin- This is an excellent application for local diseases. Tannin may be dissolved to saturation in tincture of iodine, or an aqueous solution may be prepared as ...
Acidum Iodicum. Iodic Acid- Acidum Iodicum Iodic Acid It occurs in the form of white crystalline tablets and masses, having a bitter taste, astringent, odorless, and freely soluble in ...
Ether Hydriodicus. Ethyl Iodide- Ether Hydriodicus Ethyl Iodide Iodide of Ethyl This is a colorless, non-inflammable liquid. The odor is peculiar, very powerful and diffusible, and the taste ...
Iodoformum. Iodoform- Iodoformum Iodoform Iodide of formyl. Small, lemon-yellow, lustrous crystals of the hexagonal system, having a saffron-like and almost insuppressible odor, and ...
Poisoning by Iodoform- It is very important to have a clear conception of the mischief which may be thus caused. As iodoform, or some corresponding chemical, will probably continue ...
Iodoform Therapy- In general it may be stated that iodoform is now used in all the wounds, injuries, diseases, requiring the action of an antiseptic. Chancres, ulcers, sloughing ...
Iodol- The disagreeable, penetrating, and diffusive odor of iodoform has greatly restricted its use. The attempts made to overcome this inconvenient quality have not ...
Loretin- The chemical designation of this substitute for iodoform is meta-iodo-ortho-oxyquinoline-ana-sulphonic acid. Some more manageable title is clearly necessary, ...
Nosophen- This is the proprietary designation of tetra-iodo-phenol-phtalein, a recent substitute for iodoform. It contains, it is said, 61 per cent of iodine. It occurs ...
Europhen [not euphorin]- By this proprietary designation is iodo-iso-butyl-ortho-cresol now known. It has been brought forward as one of the substitutes for iodoform. It is a yellowish, ...
Sozoiodol- The chemical name of this substance is di-iod-para-phenol-sidphonic acid. It combines with bases to form salts, of which the combinations with mercury, ...
Aristol- Dithymol-diiodide is a substitution compound, in which two molecules of hydroxyl have been replaced by two of iodoxyl, and to this product has been given the ...
Airol- Under this designation Haegler has recently brought forward a combination of basic gallic acid with bismuth-oxy-iodide. It is dermatol, in which iodine ...
Mercury- Hydrargyrum Mercury. Mercure, Fr.; Quecksilber, Ger. A silver-white metal, liquid at common temperatures, and having the specific gravity 135. Preparations ...
Mercury. Continued- Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati Ointment of ammoniated mercury. Composition: Ammoniated mercury, l0 grm.; benzoinated lard, 90 grm. Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum ...
Effects of the Different Mercury Preparations- Hydrargyrum cum creta, calomel, and blue-pill are very similar in action. Calomel, being insoluble, probably escapes solution and combination in the stomach, ...
Mercury Therapy- The acute glandular affections of throat and neck tonsillitis, parotitis, inflammation of the submaxillary and sublingual glands are often speedily removed by ...
Mercury Therapy. Continued- All the salts of mercury possess the diuretic property to some extent, but the chlorides, especially calomel, are the most efficient. In cardiac dropsy calomel ...
Local Uses of Mercurials- Recent experimental investigations on the action and comparative germicide properties of the various antiseptics have shown the superiority of corrosive ...
Aurum. Gold- Aurum Gold Gold. Or, Fr. ; Gold, Ger. Auri et Sodii Chloridum Gold and sodium chloride. A mixture of equal parts by weight of dry gold chloride and sodium ...
Silver- Silver. Argent, Fr.; Silber, Ger. Argenti Oxidum Silver oxide. An olive-brown powder, very slightly soluble in water. Dose, gr. ss. grs. ij, in pill. Argenti ...
New Silver Preparations- Although the new silver remedies are in the experimental stage, some reference should be made to their employment. Instead of the silver nitrate as a topical ...
Soluble Metallic Silver- Argentum Colloidale. Collargolum is possessed of the most valuable properties. This preparation is an allotropic modification of metallic silver, and is ...
Cuprum. Copper- Cuprum Copper Copper. Cuivre, Fr.; Kapfer., Ger. Cupri Acetas Copper acetate. (Not official.) Deep-green, prismatic crystals, yielding a bright-green powder, ...
Plumbum. Lead- Plumbum Lead Lead. Plomb, Fr.; Blei, Ger. Plumbi Oxidum Lead oxide. Litharge. In small yellowish or orange-colored scales, insoluble in water, but almost ...
Lead Therapy- Acetate of lead is one of the astringent remedies employed to arrest haematemesis. It is more especially adapted to the vomiting of blood which accompanies ...
Zincum. Zinc- Zincum Zinc Zinc. Zinc, Fr.; Zink, Ger. Zinci Oxidum Zinc oxide. A yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute sulphuric and muriatic ...
Zinc Therapy- The sulphate of zinc is much employed as an emetic in cases such as narcotic poisoning, where prompt and efficient action is necessary. Six grains will ...
Antimonium. Antimony- Antimonium Antimony Antimony. Antimoine, Ft.; Antimon, Ger. Antimonii et Potassii Tartras Antimony and potassium tartrate. Tartar-emetic. In transparent ...
Cadmium- Cadmium. Cadmium, Fr.; Kadmium, Ger. (Not official.) Cadmii Sulphas. Sulphate of cadmium Action and Uses There is a strong resemblance an identity of action, ...
Strontium and its Salts- Strontii Bromidum. Strontium bromide. Colorless, transparent, hexagonal crystals, odorless, and having a bitter, saline taste. Very deliquescent. Soluble in 1 ...
Cerium- Cerii Oxalas Cerium oxalate. A white powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Dose, two to live grains in pill form, as it is insoluble in the ordinary ...
Uranium and its Salts- Uranii Nitras. Uranium Nitrate. Dose, gr. j to gr. v. It may be administered in pill form or in solution. Actions and Uses According to Dr. West, Leconte was ...
Metallotherapy- Definition and Historical Development By the term metallotherapy is meant a curative method in which metals are applied to the affected area. The influence of ...
Metallotherapy Actions and Applications- Charcot, as has been stated, supposed that the effects produced by the application of metals were due to electrical action. This theory does not suffice to ...
Alumen. Alum- Alumen Alum Alum. Alun, Fr.; Alaun, Ger. Large, colorless, octahedral crystals, sometimes modified by cubes, and possessing an acid, sweetish, astringent taste.
Alumnol- Under this name is known a naphthol-sulphonic-acid salt of aluminum. It is supposed to contain 5 per cent of aluminum and 15 per cent of sulphur, and is a ...
Acidum Tannicum. Tannic Acid- Acidum Tannicum Tannic Acid Tannic acid. Tanin, Fr.; Tanninum, Ger. Tannic acid has a yellowish-white color and strongly astringent taste. It is soluble in ...
Acidum Gallicum. Gallic Acid- Acidum Gallicum Gallic Acid Acide gallique, Fr.; Gall pfel-saure, Ger. Gallic acid is in small, silky, nearly colorless crystals, having a slightly acid and ...
Catechu- Catechu. An extract prepared principally from the wood of Acacia catechu. Cachou, Fr.; Katechusafe, Ger. Tinctura Catechu Composita Tincture of catechu. ( ...
Kino- Kino. The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus marsupium, and of other plants (Nat. Ord. Leguminoseae). Kino de l'lnde, Fr.; Kino Gummi, Ger. Tinctura Kino ...
Krameria. Rhatany- Krameria Rhatany Rhatany. The root of Krameria trianda and of K. ixina Linné (Nat. Ord. Polygalae). Ratanhia, Fr.; Ratanhiawur-zel, Ger. Extractum Kramerice ...
Haematoxylon. Logwood- Haematoxylon Logwood The heart-wood of Haematoxylon cam-pechianam Linné (Nat. Ord. Leguminoseae). Bois de Campéche, Fr.; Campecheholz, Ger. Decoctum ...
Geranium- Cranesbill. The rhizona of Geranium maculatum Linné (Nat. Ord. Geraniaceae). Extractum Geranii Fluidum Fluid extract of geranium. Dose, v 3 j. Composition ...
Quercus Alba. White-oak Bark- Quercus Alba White-oak Bark The bark of Quercus alba Linne (Nat. Ord. Cupuliferae). Quercus Tinctoria Black-oak bark. (Not official.) Écorce de chine, Fr.; ...
Rosa Gallica. Red Rose- Rosa Gallica Red Rose The petals of Rosa gallica Linné (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). Roses rouges, Fr.; Essigrosen, Ger. Confectio Rosae Confection of rose. Extractum ...
Rubus. Blackberry-root- Rubus Blackberry-root Bark of the root of Rubus Canadensis and Rubus villosus. Extractum Rubi Fluidum Fluid extract of rubus. Dose, x 3 ij. Composition Tannic ...
Myrica Cerifera. Bayberry. Wax-myrtle- Myrica Cerifera Wax-myrtle Bayberry (Not official.) Bark of the stem and root. Decoction is made by boiling an ounce in a pint of water dose, oz ss 3 j. An ...
Statice Limonium. Marsh Rosemary- Statice Limonium Marsh Rosemary Marsh rosemary. (Not official.) The root. A docoction (oz j Oj) may be used dose, oz ss oz j. A fluid extract is prepared dose, ...
Alnus Serrulata. Common Alder- Alnus Serrulata Common Alder Common alder. (Not official.) The bark in decoction (oz j Oj) dose, oz ss oz j. Fluid extract dose, x 3 j. Alcoholic extract ( ...
Heuchera. Alum-root- Heuchera Alum-root Alum-root. Root of Heuchera Americana. (Not official.) Decoction dose, oz ss oz j; fluid extract dose, x 3 j. Composition. Tannic acid, etc.
Hamamelis- The leaves of Hamamelis virginiana (Nat. Ord. Hamamelaceae). Witch-hazel. Extractum Hamamelidis Fluidum Fluid extract of hamamelis. Dose, x 3 ij. Composition ...
Nymphaea Odorata. Sweet-scented Water-lily- Nymphaea Odorata Sweet-scented Water-lily Sweet-scented water-lily. Root. Decoction (ozj Oj) dose, oz ss oz j. Fluid extract dose, 3 ss 3 j. (Not official.) ...
Castanea- Leaves of Castanea vesca Linné (Nat. Ord. Cupuliferce), collected in September or October, while still green. (U. S. P.) Composition. Tannic acid, etc.
Physiological Actions of Tannin- Tannin has a bitter astringent taste, and constringes the mucous membrane. In the stomach it enters into combination with albumen, and with the pepsin of the ...
Tannin Therapy- Catarrh of the stomach, a relaxed state of the mucous membrane, acidity, and flatulence, are conditions in which tannic acid is useful. It may be given in pill- ...
Tannin Therapy. Continued- The following mixture is very effective in menorrhagia, hematuria, purpura hemorrhagica, and the hemorrhagic diathesis: Rx Acidi gallici, 3 ss; acid, sulphur, ...
Pyrogallol- Pyrogallic acid. A triatomic phenol. Properties Gallic acid, subjected to a high temperature, loses its water of crystallization and becomes pyrogallic acid.
Tannigen- As the name implies, this is a derivative of tannin, and has for its formula (C14H8[CH3,CO]209). It was originally produced by Meyer, of Marburg, and the first ...
Ichthyol- The source of ichthyol is a bituminous mineral rich in the remains of fossilized fish and other marine animals. From this mineral it is derived by distillation, ...
Colchicum. Meadow Saffron- Colchicum Meadow Saffron Meadow saffron. Colchique, Fr.; Zeitlose, Ger. Colchici Radix Colchicum-root. The corm of Colchicum au-tumnale Linné (Nat. Ord.
Sarsaparilla- Sarsaparilla. Root of Smilax officinalis and other species of smilax (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Separeille, Fr.; Sarsaparill-wurzel, Ger. Decoctum Sarsaparillae ...
Guaiacum. Guaiac- Guaiacum Guaiac Guaiac. Gayac, Fr.; Franzosenholz, Ger. Guaiaci Lignum Guaiacum-wood. The heart-wood of Guaiacum officinale Linné, and of G. sanctum Linné (Nat.
Stillingla- Root of Stillingia sylvatica Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphor-biacece). Extractum Stillingiae, Fluidum Fluid extract of stillingia. Dose, x 3 j. (A tincture may be made ...
Sanguinaria. Blood-root- Sanguinaria Blood-root Blood-root. The rhizoma of Sanguinaria Canadensis Linné (Nat. Ord. Papaveraceae), collected in autumn. (U. S. P.) Tinctura Sanguinariae ...
Xanthexylum. Prickly Ash- Xanthexylum Prickly Ash Prickly ash. The bark of Xanthoxylum ameri-canum Miller and of X. clava-Herculis Lambert (Nat. Ord. Rutaceae, Xanthoxyleae.) Extractum ...
Fraxinus Americana- The inner bark of the root. (Not official.) Preparation Vinum Fraxini. The inner bark of the root collected in November, eight ounces; stronger white wine, or ...
Viburnum Opulus. Cramp Bark- Viburnum Opulus Cramp Bark Cramp bark. The bark of Viburnum opulus Linne (Nat. Ord. Caprifoliaceae). Viburnum Prunifolium Black haw. The bark of V. prunifolium ...
Remedies Used To Destroy Microbes Or Morbific Germs, And To Prevent Or Arrest Septic Processes (Antiseptics, Or Germicides). Antiseptics- Antiseptics Those remedies are entitled antiseptic which are employed to arrest fermentative processes. It is now generally admitted that every kind of ...
Oxygenium. Oxygen- Oxygenium Oxygen Oxygen. Oxygéne, Fr.; Säuerstoff, Ger. (Not official.) Preparation The most convenient mode of preparing oxygen for medical purposes is to ...
Ozone- Active oxygen. Hydrogen Dioxide. The peculiar odor of ozone explains the name given it by its discoverer, Schönbein, who long maintained alone the genuineness ...
Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi- Solution of hydrogen dioxide. Peroxide of hydrogen. A slightly acid, aqueous solution of hydrogen dioxide, containing, when freshly prepared, about three per ...
Chlorinium. Chlorine- Chlorinium Chlorine Chlorine. Chlore, Fr.; Ghlor, Ger. (Not official.) Properties. Chlorine is a greenish-colored gas, of a persistent, penetrating, ...
Bromum. Brome. Bromine- Bromum Brome Bromine Bromine. Brome, Fr.; Brom, Ger. A dark-red liquid, having a strong, disagreeable odor. It is sparingly soluble in water, more soluble in ...
Gaseous Enemata and Inhalations- Although some observations have been made on this topic (pages 8 and 9), the remarkable development the method has undergone, and the absorbed attention given ...
Acidum Carbolicum. Carbolic Acid- Acidum Carbolicum Carbolic Acid Carbolic acid. Phénique acide, Fr.; Car-bolsäure, Ger. A product of the distillation of coal-tar. Is either in acicular ...
Carbolic Acid Therapy- Nausea and vomiting due to an irritable state of the stomach-nerves are relieved by carbolic acid. Combination with bismuth enhances the effect. Rx Acidi ...
Parenchymatous Injection of Carbolic Acid- The deep-seated injection of carbolic acid has been proposed and successfully practiced for the relief of various morbid states. For this purpose a two- to ...
Local Application of Carbolic Acid- Itching of the skin, arising from any cause, is allayed by sponging the part with a solution of carbolic acid. Rx Acid, carbol., 3 ij; glycerini, oz j; aqua ...
Sulphocarbolates- Sodii Sulphocarbolas. Sulphocarbolate of sodium. Potassii Sulphocarbolas; Calcii Sulphocarbolas; Magnesii Sulphocarbolas. Of these salts, the first-named is ...
The Subcutaneous Injection of Carbolic Acid- Although references have been made to the injection of carbolic acid, it is desirable to indicate some of the more recent applications of this method. For this ...
Trichlorphenol- A preparation of much promise and which has yielded good results is that named trichlorphenol. It is produced by a combination of chlorinated lime and carbolic ...
Creosotum. Creosote- Creosotum Creosote Creosote. A mixture of phenols, chiefly guaiacol and creosol, obtained during the distillation of wood-tar, preferably of that derived from ...
Guaiacol- Methyl-pyrocatechin is the chemical designation, and it consists for the most part of creosote from 60 to 90 per cent. It is a colorless, limpid, oily liquid, ...
Acidum Salicylicum. Salicylic Acid- Acidum Salicylicum Salicylic Acid Salicylic acid. Acide salicylique, Fr.; Sali-cylsaure, Ger. An organic acid, existing naturally in combination in various ...
Sodii Salicylas. Sodium Salicylate- Sodii Salicylas Sodium Salicylate Sodium salicylate. Dose, grs. xv 3 j. In wafer or powder it may be given rapidly until the requisite quantity has been ...
Salicylic Acid Therapy- The applications of salicylic acid in the treatment of disease are based on the results of the physiological examination. In the diseases of the stomach ...
Resorcinum. Resorcin- Resorcinum Resorcin Resorcin. A diatomic phenol. History Resorcin is a chemical compound, discovered by Hlasi-wetz and Barth, and was obtained from certain ...
Phenoresorcin- By the term phenoresorcin is meant, by River-din, a mixture of carbolic acid and resorcin: sixty-seven parts of the former and thirty-three parts of the latter.
Chinolin- So long ago as 1834 this substance was separated from coal-tar by Runge, and given the name Leukoline. Subsequently it was obtained by Gerhardt from the ...
Thallinum. Thallin- Thallinum Thallin Thallin. This is a proprietary designation to take the place of the difficult chemical name tetrahydroparamethyloxy-quinoline. It must not be ...
Salicetol- This is a combination of acetol and salicylic acid. It occurs as a white crystalline powder, having a bitter taste, but is odorless, and is but slightly ...
Salophen- Acetyl-para-amido-salol. A non-toxic compound, being an effective substitute for salicylic acid, and having none of the unpleasant after effects of that agent.
Salol- The name applied to this agent harmonizes with such as phenol, naphthol, and others, now in general use. It is a salicylate of phenol. As it appears in ...
Antipyrin- The chemical name of this remedy is dimethyloxy-quinizine, which is so unmanageable that it could hardly be brought into general use. The original discoverers ...
Salipyrin- By the combination of salicylic acid and antipyrin is produced a crystallized powder having many of the qualities of both ingredients. The dose varies from ...
Naphtalin- According to Fronmüller, naphtalin (or naphthalin) was discovered so long ago as 1820, but its applications in medical practice have been developed since the ...
Naphtol- There are two naphtols, derivatives of naphtalin, but beta-naphtol is the one prescribed. Beta-Naphtol A phenol occurring in coal-tar, but usually prepared ...
Pyridine- Pyridine is a volatile liquid, having a strong, diffusive, and somewhat aromatic odor. Its vapor is given off at ordinary temperatures, and its therapeutical ...
Phenacetin- Among the more recent contributions to the antiseptic and antipyretic group, phenacetin is the most promising. Although without danger in the dosage necessary ...
Saccharinum- Saccharin, as it has been happily named, is, in chemical language, orthosulphaminbenzoic acid. The name is based on the most important physical quality the ...
Acidum Boricum. Boric Acid- Acidum Boricum Boric Acid Boric acid. Acide boracique, Fr.; Borsäure, Ger. Properties Boric acid occurs in glittering, white, scaly crystals. It is soluble in ...
Benzoinum. Benzoin- Benzoinum Benzoin Benzoin. A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax benzoin Dryander (Nat. Ord. Styraceae). Benjoin, Fr.; Benzoeharz, Ger. Composition Benzoin is ...
Acetanilidum. Acetanilid- Acetanilidum Acetanilid Acetanilid (Antifebrin). An acetyl derivative of aniline. The term antifebrin, by which acetanilid is best known, is a proprietary ...
Antiseptic Oils- Oleum Caryophylli. Oil of cloves. Composition Oil of cloves consists of two substances a hydrocarbon, light oil of cloves, and an oxygenated oil, eugenol, ...
Spiritus Gaultheriae- (Oil of gaultheria, 50 c. c.; alcohol, 950 c. c.) Dose, 3 ss 3 ij- Oil of gaultheria has been proposed and used successfully as a substitute for salicylic acid ...
Oleum Cajuputi- Oil of cajuput. The volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron (Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae). Dose, v xx. Composition The most important ...
Thymol- A phenol occurring in the volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris, Linné, Monarda punctata, Linné (Nat. Ord. Labiatae), etc. Large, colorless, translucent crystals ...
Thymacetin- Under this name appears a derivative of thymol, corresponding to phenacetin, a derivative of phenol. It occurs in the form of whitish crystals, slightly ...
Myrtol- This new antiseptic has the same relative origin as thymol; it is derived from the myrtle, and is an oil, isomeric with the oil of turpentine (?). It is a very ...
Menthol- A stearopten (having the character of a secondary alcohol) obtained from the official oil of peppermint (from Mentha piperita, Smith) or from Japanese or ...
Teucrin- Mosetig-Moorhof gave the name teucrin to a concentrated, sterilized extract of Teucrium scordium Extractum teucrii scordii depuratum a member of the Labiatae.
Animal Extracts. Ptomaines And Leucomaines. Toxins And Antitoxins- Ptomaines and Leucomaines Peculiar basic compounds have for some time been known to exist in the tissues of animals corresponding to the alkaloids formed in ...
Orchitic or Testicular Extract- It is unnecessary to go into details regarding the effects of ablation of the testes. The changes in the hair and skin, the loss of subcutaneous fat, the ...
Renal and Supra-renal Glands- The most important of the glandular remedies after the thyroid is the supra-renal. Some favorable reports have been made regarding the utility of preparations ...
Thyroid Body- The most conspicuous example of benefit from the use of an organic substance is that afforded by the thyroid body. Schiff was the first to demonstrate that ...
Extract of Bone Marrow- The red marrow of bones, especially of the ribs, has been utilized in medical practice. The marrow itself, finely subdivided and seasoned suitably, has been ...
Toxins and Antitoxins- Besides those basic compounds known as leucomaines and ptomaines, certain toxic albuminous substances (tox-albumins) are found already formed, or are ...
Agents Used To Modify The Functions Of Organs Of The Nervous System- In this division, remedies are employed with a view to their influence over the functions of the nervous system. They do not immediately or necessarily affect ...
Those Exciting The Functional Activity Of The Spinal Cord And Sympathetic Electricity- Electricity Fr.; Electricität, Ger Forms of Electrical Force employed in Medical Practice. Magnetism, static or frictional electricity (franklinism), galvanism, ...
Magnetism- Magnets are natural or artificial. The former consist of a native iron-ore possessed of the magnetic property ; the latter are pieces of steel in which the ...
Galvanism- All chemical action is accompanied by electrical phenomena. The electricity furnished by the galvanic combinations in use is derived from a chemical action ...
Galvanism. Part 2- The Bunsen combination is a most efficient one (Figs. 6 and 7). The outer zinc plate has a cleft, and is immersed in dilute sulphuric acid, while the carbon, ...
Galvanism. Part 3- There are several modes of ascertaining the current strength. The voltameter (Fig. 8) is an instrument for collecting the oxygen and hydrogen produced by the ...
Faradism, or Electro-Magnetism and Magneto-Electricity- Faradism, so named in honor of Faraday, is induced electricity. When the galvanic current passes through the conjunctive wire of the elements of a cup, ...
Storage Cells, Accumulators, etc- The Planté cell was the first application of the principle of polarization to the storage of electrical energy. This consisted at first of plates of lead ...
The Public Supply of Electricity- Arrangements are now available for utilizing the public sources of electric lighting and power. There are two forms of the force which can be diverted from the ...
Galvano-Faradization- The pole-board of a finished electrical apparatus should have an arrangement for combining the galvanic and faradic currents, so that a simultaneous ...
Electric Baths- Until two or three years ago electric baths were only used by charlatans, but of late they have been studied from the scientific standpoint, and their real ...
Electro-Physiology- Much of the supposed knowledge of this subject is in a transition state, and will ultimately require very different statement. Into this doubtful region the ...
Action of Galvanism on Motor Nerves and Muscles- Whether a muscle be acted on directly by a galvanic current, or indirectly through a motor nerve which supplies it, the muscle is thrown into action; but the ...
Action of Faradism on Motor Nerves and Muscles- A faradic current, whatever its direction, stimulating a motor nerve, causes contraction of the muscles innervated by this nerve. If the interruptions in the ...
Action of Galvanism on Non-striated Muscles- The physiological differences in the action of voluntary and organic muscular fibers are well exhibited in the results of galvanic stimulation. Instead of a ...
Electro-Diagnosis- For diagnostic purposes both galvanic and faradic currents are necessary. The polar method has been applied with great success for determining the condition of ...
The Diagnosis of Paralysis- When the paralysis is limited to a group of muscles, to one member, or to one side, the behavior of the paralyzed muscles is compared with the normal. If, ...
Diagnosis of Sensibility- By means of the faradic brush, and pointed electrodes closely approximated, the state of sensibility of the skin may be readily marked out. The skin must be ...
Magneto-Therapy- The force furnished by the magnet magnetic polarity produces distinct effects when applied to plants and to animals, and it has been utilized in the treatment ...
Galvano-Therapy- The most important curative results are wrought by galvanism. As a rule, the large, two-fluid elements of the permanent battery are much more effective ...
Galvano-Therapy. Continued- In certain of the myopathies of spinal origin, but not in all of them, electricity gives excellent results. The most decidedly curative results are obtained in ...
Electrolysis- When the electrical current is made to traverse insulated needles introduced into the tissues of the body, electrolytic effects are produced, decomposition of ...
Cataphoresis- Du Bois-Reymond applied this term to signify the transference of certain medicaments by the galvanic current through the skin or mucous membrane from one point ...
Galvano-Cautery- This method consists in cauterization by a platinum wire heated by the galvanic current. The battery used for this purpose furnishes a large quantity of ...
Static Electricity- The modified Holtz or Toepler-Holtz electrical machine is now used to procure all of the nerve and muscular effects hitherto obtained by faradic electricity, ...
The Equipment for an X-Ray Apparatus- The several parts required for the production of these rays are 1, a static machine, or a supply from the street mains; an induction-coil; 2, a vacuum-tube in ...
Nux-Vomica- The seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica Linné (Nat. Ord. Loganiaceae). (U. S. P.) Noix vomique, Fr.; Krähenaugen, Ger. Extractum Nucis Vomicae Extract of nux-vomica.
Strychninae. Strychnine- Strychninae Strychnine Strychnine. Occurs in colorless, transparent, octahedral or prismatic crystals, or as a white crystalline powder, odorless and having an ...
Physiological Effects of Nux-Vomica- The preparations of nux-vomica are extremely and persistently bitter. Like all bitters, they promote the flow of the stomach and intestinal juices, increase ...
Physiological Effects of Nux-Vomica. Continued- Magendie, who made the first study of the actions of strychnine, found that, by previously destroying the spinal cord, no convulsions followed the ...
Strychnine. Nux-Vomica Therapy- The tincture of nux-vomica is one of the numerous remedies proposed for the vomiting of pregnancy. It is best adapted, according to the author's observation, ...
Strychnine. Nux-Vomica Therapy. Continued- In paraplegia of reflex origin, in rheumatismal paraplegia, in syphiloma of the spinal meninges, paraplegia continuing after the removal of the deposits, ...
Hypodermatic Injection of Strychnine- This important therapeutical measure needs to be separately discussed. The solution which the author advises is as follows: Rx Strychninae sulphat., gr. j; ...
Ignatia- Ignatia. The seed of Strychnos Ignatii Bergius (Nat. Ord. Loganiaceae). St. Ignatius's bean; Féve de Saint-Ignace, Fr.; Ignazbohnen, Ger. (Not official.) ...
Cocculus- The fruit of Anamirta cocculus, or Cocculus Indicus (Not official.) Cocculus. 489. There are no official preparations except picrotoxin, the active principle.
Picrotoxinum. Picrotoxin- Picrotoxinum Picrotoxin Picrotoxin is not an alkaloid, although allied to this group of substances. It does not combine with acids to form salts. It is neutral, ...
Ergota. Ergot- Ergota Ergot Ergot. The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea, replacing the grain of Secale cereale Linné (Nat. Ord. Gramineae). Ergot de seigle, Fr.; Mutterkorn, ...
Physiological Effects of Ergot- In small medicinal doses ergot does not produce sensible physiological effects. In large doses it causes symptoms referable to the gastro-intestinal canal, and ...
Physiological Effects of Ergot. Continued- The action of ergot is not limited to the vascular apparatus. The arterial anaemia which it induces may serve to explain the cerebral effects which follow its ...
Ergot Therapy- The only diseases of the intestinal canal to which ergot is applied are chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. It is best adapted to those cases in which the chronic ...
Ergot in Obstetric Practice- It is no longer a matter of doubt that ergot promotes uterine contractions; that it originates them without previous effort of the womb, is questionable. The ...
The Hypodermatic Injection of Ergotin- The subcutaneous injection of ergot has become so important a therapeutical resource that it is necessary to treat the subject in a separate division. The ...
Ustilago- Ustilago. Ustilago maydis Leveillé (Nat. Ord. Fungi) grows upon Zea mays Linné (Nat. Ord. Graminaceae). Extractum Ustilaginis Maydis Fluidum Fluid extract of ...
Digitalis- The leaves of Digitalis purpurea Linné (Nat. Ord. Scrophulariaceae), from plants of the second year's growth. (IT. S. P.) Feuilles de digitale, Fr.; ...
Digitalis Therapy- To obtain the best results from the administration of digitalis, it must be of good quality and the preparations made with great care. Every precaution taken, ...
Digitalis Therapy. Continued- In scarlet fever the utility of digitalis is very great; it lowers the temperature and maintains the action of the kidneys, thus obviating the two principal ...
The so-called Cumulative Effects of Digitalis- The author agrees in opinion with those who hold that digitalis is not a cumulative poison in the sense in which this term was formerly used. Doses of ...
Convallaria- The rhizoma and roots of Convallaria majalis (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). The Preparations It is a remarkable fact that different properties are possessed by ...
Strophantus- (The Kombé arrow-poison.) The seeds of Strophanthus hispidus De Candolle (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae). Composition and Properties The active constituent of ...
Sparteine- As a member of that group of which digitalis has so long been the chief, it well deserves attentive consideration. Sparteinae Sulphas Sulphate of sparteine. A ...
Adonidin- The active principle a glucoside of Adonis vernalis, a member of the Ranunculaceae Properties Adonidin is an amorphous substance, without odor, colorless, and ...
Cimicifuga. Black Snake-root- Cimicifuga Black Snake-root Black snake-root. The rhizoma and rootlets of Cimi-cifuga racemosa Elliott (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). Extractum Cimicifugae Fluidum ...
Belladonna- Deadly nightshade. Belladonnae Folice Belladonna-leaves. The leaves of Atropa belladonna Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae), U. S. P. Feuilles de bella-done, Fr.; ...
Atropina. Atropine- Atropina Atropine Atropine. Is in yellowish-white, silky, prismatic crystals, without smell, but having a bitter and acrid taste. It is soluble in three ...
Belladonna and Atropine Therapy- In mercurial ptyalism, and the ptyalism of the pregnant state, a few drops (five to ten) of the tincture of belladonna, given every four to six hours, or a ...
Belladonna and Atropine Therapy. Continued- Belladonna has important application in the treatment of certain disorders of the nervous system. Sick-headache, due to or accompanied by spasm of the ...
Hypodermatic Use of Atropine- The solution usually employed for this purpose is two grains of the sulphate of atropine to an ounce of distilled water, the dose of which ranges from one to ...
External Application of Belladonna Preparations- The chloroformic solution of atropine is an excellent external application to relieve pain in nerves superficially situated. Rx Chloroformi, spts. vini rect., ...
Secondary Products of Atropine- Some remarkable products have lately been obtained from atropine by chemical processes. The first step consisted in the discovery, by Kraut and Lossen, ...
Stramonium- Leaves and seed of Datura stramonium Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). Stramoine, Fr.; Stechapfel, Ger. Stramonii Folia Stramonium-leaves. Stramonii Semen ...
Hyoscyamus- The leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger Linné (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae), collected from the plants of the second year's growth. Jusquiame, Fr.; ...
Hyoscyamine and Hyoscine Therapy- The possession of decided hypnotic qualities has led to the use of hyoscyamine and hyoscine in the treatment of various mental disorders (Prideaux, Lawson, and ...
Hyoscine- This is a new alkaloid obtained from the mother-liquor, as already shown, and which has been produced synthetically by Ladenburg. It forms a crystalline ...
Duboisia- Duboisia myoporoides, of the Solanaceae. Preparations There are no official preparations; but the following can be employed in any of the cases requiring it: ...
Scopolamine- An alkaloid obtained from the root of Scopolia atro-pinoides, a member of the Solanaceae. Scopolaminae Hydrobromas Hydrobromate of scopolamine. There is also a ...
B. Agents Exciting The Functional Activity Of The Cerebrum- To this group belong those remedies usually classed together under the designation of antispasmodics. They are to a slight degree cardiac stimulants; they ...
Camphora. Camphor- Camphora Camphor Camphor. Camphre, Fr.; Campher, Ger. A stea-ropten derived from Cinnamomum camphora F. Nees et Ebermaier (Nat. Ord. Lauraceoe), and purified ...
Acidum Camphoricum- Camphoric acid. [Not official.] By the oxidation of camphor with nitric acid camphoric acid is produced. As it occurs in commerce it is crystalline in ...
Asafoetida- Asafoetida. A gum-resin obtained from the root of Ferula narthex Boissier, and of Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Asafoetida, Fr.; ...
Ammoniacum. Ammoniac- Ammoniacum Ammoniac Ammoniac. A gum-resin obtained from Dorema ammoniacum Don (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae). Gomme ammoniaque, Fr.; Ammoniakgummi, Ger. Emplastrum ...
Valeriana. Valerian- Valeriana Valerian Valerian. The rhizoma and rootlets of Valeriana officinalis Linné (Nat. Ord. Valerianaceae). Valeriane, Fr.; Baldrian-wurzel, Ger. Extractum ...
Cannabis Indica. Indian Cannabis- Cannabis Indica Indian Cannabis Indian cannabis. The flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa Linné (Nat. Ord. Urticaceae, Canna-bineae), grown in ...
Coca- Coca. The leaves of Erythroxylon coca Lamarck (Nat. Ord. Lineae). Preparation Extractum Cocae Fluidum. Fluid extract of coca. Dose, 3 ss 3 ij. Composition The ...
Antagonistic And Synergistic Combinations Of Cocaine With Atropine- Attention was called to the actions of atropine and cocaine at the time an attempt was made to float into prominence a fraudulent remedy composed of a mixture ...
Caffeinna. Caffeine- Caffeinna Caffeine Caffeine. A feebly basic, proximate principle, obtained from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis Linné (Nat. Ord. Tern-stroemiacece), or ...
Guarana- A dried paste, prepared from the crushed or ground seeds of Paullinia sorbilis Martius (Nat. Ord. Sapindaceae). Extractum Gruaranae Fluidum Fluid extract of ...
Theobromine- An alkaloid obtained from Theobroma cacao. It is crystallizable, volatile, and is closely related in character and in molecular arrangement to caffeine. It ...
Remedies Which Diminish Or Suspend The Functions Of The Cerebrum After A Preliminary Stage Of Excitement- To this group belong the so-called narcotics, the anaesthetics, and some of those usually classed as antispasmodics. They all agree in these respects: their ...
Alcohol- Alcohol. A liquid composed of 91 per cent by weight (94 per cent by volume) of ethyl alcohol, and 9 per cent by weight (6 per cent by volume) of water.
Physiological Actions of Alcohol- Alcohol in prolonged contact with the skin, evaporation being prevented, excites a sense of heat and superficial inflammation. It coagulates albumen and ...
Physiological Actions of Alcohol. Continued- The long-continued action of alcohol on the nervous system produces other disorders besides delirium tremens. Hemi-anaesthesia, epilepsy, paraplegia, amaurosis, ...
Alcohol Therapy- Alcohol in small doses is a useful stomachic tonic. It is best taken for this purpose after or with meals. It is specially serviceable in the feeble digestion ...
External Applications of Alcohol- Equal parts of alcohol and water is an excellent evaporating lotion for the relief of superficial inflammations bruises, inflamed joints, orchitis, etc.
Vinum. Wine- Wine Vinum Vinum Album White wine. A pale, amber-colored or straw-colored alcoholic liquid, made by fermenting the unmodified juice of the grape, freed from ...
Physiological Actions of Wine- As respects the alcohol which they contain, the physiological actions of wines could be discussed with the previous article. But wines differ from alcohol, and ...
Beer, Ale, Porter- Beer and ale are fermented liquors made from malted grain, hops and other bitter substances being added. Ale is produced by rapid fermentation, in which the ...
Extract of Malt- Under this name is known a thick, sirupy liquid having a golden or yellowish-brown color, a sweetish taste, and the odor of malt. If properly prepared, it ...
Paraldehyde- Under this name is described a polymeric modification of aldehyde. Above the temperature of 51 Fahr. it is a colorless liquid, having a peculiar ethereal odor, ...
Methylal- This new agent has been long known to chemists, but its utilization as a remedy is very recent. Methylal is highly volatile, is soluble in water and alcohol, ...
Chloride of Methyl- In 1884 Debove published a paper on the anaesthetic and analgesic properties of methyl chloride. But little attention was given to the subject. Very recently ...
Urethan- A combination of carbonic acid and ethylic ether. From a priori considerations, the distinguished pharmacologist of Strasburg, Professor Schmiedeberg, was led ...
Euphorin. Neurodin. Ural. Somnal.- Phenyl-urethan Euphorin. Chloral-urethan Ural, or Uralium. Ethyl-chloral-urethan Somnal. Acetyl-hydroxy-phenyl-urethan Neurodin. From a combination of aniline ...
Hypnone- Under this title phenyl-methyl-acetone has been brought forward by Popof and Nencki as a representative analgesic and hypnotic. Dujardin-Beaumetz and pupils ...
Hypnal- Under this title a combination of antipyrin and chloral trichloral-dehydphenyl-dimethylpyrazolon has been introduced. It has so many chemical, physiological, ...
AEther. Ether- Ether AEther Ether. Éther, Fr.; Aether, Ger. A liquid composed of about seventy-four per cent of ethyl oxide, and about twenty-six per cent of alcohol ...
Ether by the Hypodermatic Method- Within the past few years, the subcutaneous injection of ether has taken an important position in therapeutics. It is necessary, therefore, to enter into this ...
Chloroformum. Chloroform- Chloroformum Chloroform Chloroform. Chloroforme,Fr.; Chloroform, Ger. A liquid containing at least 99 per cent by weight of absolute chloroform and not more ...
Neuralgia- Chloroform is extremely valuable in the treatment of this disease, and it is the most effective when used by the method of deep injection, first proposed by ...
Chloroform as a Counter-irritant- When chloroform is applied to the skin and evaporation prevented, it causes heat, redness, and even vesication. Frequently, chloroform is used locally to ...
Anaesthetics And Anaesthesia. AEther Fortior. Purified chloroform- AEther Fortior The stronger ether. Chloroformum Purificatum Purified chloroform. Neither of these anaesthetics should be used until its conformity to the ...
Modes of Conducting the Ether Inhalation- After ascertaining that none of the contraindications mentioned above exist, the patient may be prepared for the inhalation of the anaesthetic vapor. The ...
Means of removing Dangerous Symptoms- Suspension of the heart's action is to be met at once by the withdrawal of the vapor, and the inversion of the patient, according to the method of Nélaton; ...
Anaesthetic Agent Therapy- Anaesthetic agents are used to quiet pain and spasm from disease, to render the dressing of injuries and surgical operations painless, and to produce muscular ...
Comparative Utility of Ether and Chloroform- Chloroform is more pleasant to inhale, and is less irritant to the air-passages than ether. The vapor of chloroform is not, and the vapor of ether is, ...
Ethyl Bromide's Properties- The physical properties of this ether are mentioned on another page in connection with ether. As an anaesthetic, it was first known to Mr. Nunnely, of Leeds, ...
Bichloride of Methylene- This agent, similar to chloroform, was first proposed as an anaesthetic by Dr. B. W. Richardson. It is more agreeable to inhale, and less apt to produce after- ...
Local Anaesthesia- The diminution of the cutaneous sensibility, by the application of ice and freezing mixtures, has long been practiced. It was not, however, until Richardson's ...
Infiltration Anaesthesia- Schleich's method consists in the injection into the substance of the skin of a solution of the alkaloids having anaesthetic property. The pressure exerted by ...
Nitrous Oxide. Protoxide of Nitrogen. Laughing-gas- Nitrous Oxide Laughing-gas Protoxide of Nitrogen Protoxide of nitrogen. Laughing-gas. Composition and Properties A colorless, inodorous gas, having a slightly ...
Chloral- Chloral. Hydrate of chloral. Chloral, Fr.; Chloralhydrat, Ger. Separate, rhomboidal, colorless and transparent crystals, slowly evaporating when exposed to the ...
Chloral-Habit- The habitual use of chloral constitutes a disorder, which, if not as persistent as the opium-habit, has its own difficulties and dangers of no little ...
Chlolar Therapy. Continued- Some of the respiratory neuroses are greatly benefited by chloral. The paroxysms of spasmodic asthma may be arrested by it, and the spasmodic attacks of ...
Croton-Chloral Hydrate- This substance occurs in rather small and brilliant tabular crystals. It is soluble in water, but not freely so; and, as respects antagonists and incompatibles, ...
Chloralamide- Chloral and formamide. Occurs as a whitish, crystalline substance, having a somewhat bitter taste. It is soluble in water, but not freely so (about 14 to 100) ...
Sulphonal- This name is applied to a chemical product of the same series as chloralamide, and they closely correspond in physiological action. Sulphonal occurs in ...
Trional- Sufficient experience has now been gained with trional to establish it permanently in the group of hypnotics. It is closely allied to sulphonal, but it is much ...
Dormiol. Amylene Chloral- Dormiol Amylene Chloral Composition and Properties By the combination of amylene hydrate with chloral hydrate, dormiol is produced. It is an oily, limpid ...
Opium- Opium. Opium, Fr.; Opium, Ger. The concrete milky exudation obtained in Asia Minor from the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum, by incision and spontaneous ...
Opium. Part 2- Protopine Crystallizable, alkaline. (C20H19N1O5.) Laudamine. An alkaloid, which, as well as its salts, forms large crystals. (C20H25N1O4.) Codamine ...
Opium. Part 3- Codeina Codeine. White, or yellowish-white, more or less translucent, rhombic prisms, somewhat efflorescent in warm air, odorless, having a slightly bitter ...
Physiological Actions of Opium- As opium is a very complex substance, made up of numerous principles which differ remarkably among themselves, it will conduce to a better understanding of its ...
The Physiological Action of the Alkaloids of Opium. 1. Morphine- Morphine The peculiar powers of opium are represented chiefly in the morphine which it contains. In opium of good quality the proportion of morphine is from ...
The Physiological Action of the Alkaloids of Opium. 2. Codeine- Codeine Next to morphine, codeine is the most important of the constituents of opium. These two alkaloids agree in the character but not in the degree of their ...
The Physiological Action of the Alkaloids of Opium. 3. Narcotine and Cotarnine- Narcotine This alkaloid is singularly inappropriately named. It has but feeble narcotic power. In children considerable doses produce a calmative effect and ...
The Physiological Action of the Alkaloids of Opium. 4. Narceine- Narceine The most contradictory observations have been published on the action of this principle. By Bernard, Béhier, and Eulenburg it is held to possess ...
Opium Therapy- Stomach-pain, whether simply neuralgic {gastralgia), or excited by the presence of food (irritative dyspepsia), or due to ulcer or cancer, is relieved by opium.
Opium Therapy. Continued- In fevers typhoid, typhus, and eruptive fevers opium was formerly much more frequently prescribed than at present. The cold baths, antipyretics, and more ...
External Uses of Opium- A solution of morphine in distilled water is an excellent astringent anodyne in conjunctivitis, and, combined with atropine, in iritis. Rx, Morphinae sulph., ...
Therapeutical Applications of Opium and Belladonna- Whenever opium is used to relieve pain, to procure sleep, to relax spasm there being no inflammatory action present belladonna should be combined with it, ...
Humulus. Hops- Humulus Hops Hops. The strobiles of Humulus lupulus Linné (Nat. Ord. Urticaceae, Cannabineae). Lupulinum Lupuline. The glandular powder separated from the ...
Lactucarium- Lactucarium. The concrete milk-juice of Lactuca virosa Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae). (U. S. P.) Dose, gr. v 3 j. Tinctura Lactucarii Dose, 3 ss 3 ij. Syrupus ...
Bromides- Ammonii Bromidum. Ammonium bromide. Bromure d'ammonium, Fr.; Bromammonium, Ger. Colorless, transparent, prismatic crystals, or a white, granular salt, becoming ...
Bromide Therapy- In some kinds of vomiting the bromides are most serviceable. The form of vomiting, to the treatment of which they are best adapted, is the reflex and the ...
Bromide Therapy. Part 2- Some kinds of neuralgia are much benefited by the bromides. The congestive form of migraine, or sick-headache, is generally quickly dispelled by one or more ...
Bromide Therapy. Part 3- The long-continued use of the bromide of potassium may produce very serious symptoms of bromism. The remedy must then be greatly reduced in amount or be ...
Local Uses of Bromides- Epithelioma of the face has been cured by applying to the ulcerated surface bromide of potassium in fine powder. A solution, gr. x gr. xx to an ounce of water, ...
Bromoform- As respects its chemical constitution bromoform is a terbromide of formyl, as chloroform is a terchloride of formyl. If for the chlorine in chloroform bromine ...
Bromal- In this form bromal is a heavy liquid, oily in consistence, and of a pungent flavor and taste. In chemical constitution it is tri-brom-acetaldehyd. On the ...
Agents Which Depress The Motor Functions Of The Spinal Cord And Sympathetic. Conium. Hemlock- Conium Hemlock. The full-grown fruit of Conium maculatum Linné (Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae), gathered while yet green. Ciguë, Fr.; Schierling, Ger. Extractum Conii ...
Hemlock. Continued- The action of conine is, primarily and chiefly, on the end-organs of the motor nerves; the nerve-trunks next lose their excitability, and by an extension of ...
Curara. Woorara- Curara Woorara History There are no official preparations. The substances known under this name vary much in purity, and differ in origin. True curara is a ...
Curara. Continued- Curara, as has been stated, produces an obvious rise of temperature in the extremities. This is supposed to be due to paralysis of the peripheral vessels. In ...
Gelsemium. Yellow Jasmine- Gelsemium Yellow Jasmine Yellow jasmine. The rhizoma and roots of Gelsemium sempervirens (Linné) Persoon (Nat. Ord. Loganiaceae). Extractum Gelsemii Fluidum ...
Gelsemium Therapy- Gelsemium is indicated in those maladies in which an exaltation of function has taken place in the motor and sensory spheres of the nervous system. Several ...
Arnicae Flores. Arnica-flowers- Arnicae Flores Arnica-flowers Arnica-flowers. The flower-heads of Arnica montana Linné (Nat. Ord. Compositae.) Arnicae Radix Arnica-root. The rhizoma and roots ...
Trimethylamine- (Unofficial.) This is an ammoniacal substance, having a strong, fishy odor. It is isomeric with propylamine, which is also an ammonia. As the propylamine of ...
Pilocarpus. Jaborandi- Pilocarpus Jaborandi Jaborandi. The leaflets of Pilocarpus Selloanus Eng-ler (Nat. Ord. Rutaceae, Xanthoxyleae). Infusum Pilocarpi Infusion of pilocarpus ( oz ...
Jaborandi. Continued- The action of the heart is increased by jaborandi, but the arterial tension is notably diminished. The rise in the pulse-rate averages twenty beats, and the ...
Comparative Action of Pilocarpine and Jaborine- The differences in physiological action between these alkaloids are infinitely greater than the chemical. There does not exist a finer illustration of the ...
Pilocarpine and Jaborine Therapy. Continued- In scaly skin eruptions, pilocarpus has good effects by maintaining a moist state of the skin. It is the most efficient remedy for alopecia which we possess.
Physostigma. Calabar Bean- Physostigma Calabar Bean Calabar bean. The seed of Physostigma veneno-sum Balfour (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae, Papilionaceae). Féve de Calabar, Fr.; Kalabarbohne, ...
Physostigma Therapy. Continued- Influenced by theoretical considerations, physostigma has been prescribed in chorea and epilepsy, but the results have not been encouraging. It is true, ...
Tabacum. Tobacco- Tabacum Tobacco Tobacco. Tabac, Fr.; Tabakblätter, Ger. The commercial dried leaves of Nicotiana tabacum Linné (Nat. Ord. Solana-ceae). Infusum Tabaci Infusion ...
Tobacco Therapy- In habitual constipation, due to a relaxed state of the muscular layer of the bowel, five minims of the wine of tobacco, administered at bedtime, will not ...
Lobelia- Lobelia. The leaves and tops of Lobelia inflata Linné (Nat. Ord. Lobeliaceae), collected after a portion of the capsules have become inflated. Indian tobacco.
Acidum Hydrocyanicum. Hydrocyanic Acid. Prussic Acid- Acidum Hydrocyanicum Hydrocyanic Acid Prussic Acid Hydrocyanic or Prussic Acid. Acide hydrocyanique, Fr.; Blaus ure, Ger. Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum Diluted ...
Hydrocyanic Acid Therapy- Hydrocyanic acid is a remedy of very considerable utility in certain affections involving the functions of the pneumogastric nerve. It is often highly ...
Potassii Cyanidum. Cyanide of Potassium- Potassii Cyanidum Cyanide of Potassium Cyanide of Potassium. In white, opaque, amorphous pieces, having a sharp, somewhat alkaline and bitter-almond taste, and ...
Amyl Nitris. Amyl Nitrite- Amyl Nitris Amyl Nitrite Amyl nitrite. Nitrite d'amyle, Fr.; Amylnitrit, Ger. Properties A yellowish or reddish-yellow liquid, rather oily in consistence, very ...
Nitro-Glycerinum. Glonoin. Spirit of Nitroglycerin. Spiritus Glonoini- Nitro-Glycerinum Spiritus Glonoini Spirit of Nitroglycerin Glonoin Properties Nitro-glycerin is an oily liquid, colorless, or pale yellow, and has the specific ...
Aconitum. Aconite- Aconite Aconitum The tuber of Aconitum napellus Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae). (U. S. P.) Racine (d'aconit, Fr.; Eisenhutknollen, Ger. The Indian aconite- ...
Aconite Therapy- The monopoly by homoeopathic practitioners of the use of aconite has aroused a prejudice against it, which has discouraged its employment. Aconite is, however, ...
Veratrum Viride. American Hellebore- Veratrum Viride American Hellebore American hellebore. The rhizoma and roots of Veratrum viride Solander (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Extractum Veratri Viridis ...
American Hellebore Therapy- The best preparation for administration is the tincture. As the therapeutic properties of veratrum viride depend, chiefly, on the jervine, an attempt may be ...
Pulsatilla. Pasque-flower- Pulsatilla Pasque-flower Pasque-flower. The herb of Anemone pulsatilla and Anemone pratensis Linné (Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae), collected soon after flowering. ( ...
Grindelia- The leaves and flowering tops of Grindelia robutsta Nuttall, and of Grindelia squarrosa Duval (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Preparations Extractum Grindeliae Fluidum.
Phytolacca. Phytolaccae Fructus- Phytolacca Phytolaccae Fructus The fruit of Phytolacca decandra. Linné (Nat. Ord. Phytolaccaceae). (U. S. P.) Poke-berries. Phytolaccae radix The root of ...
Ailanthus- The bark of A. glandulosa, a well-known and abundant shade-tree. (Unofficial.) Preparations Fluid extract. Dose, x to 3 j. Bark, gr. x 3j. Composition The most ...
Agaricin (Agaric Acid)- Obtained from Agaricus albus. Crystallizes in needles. Dose, gr. 1/12 to gr. 1/2. Given in pill form. It is an efficient remedy for pathological sweating, but ...
Muscarine- The alkaloid of Amanita muscaria, the fly-fungus. Properties Muscarine is an alkaloid with strong basic properties, and combines with acids to form salts. It ...
Aspidosperma (Quebracho)- The bark of Aspidosperma quebracho bianco Schlechtendal (Nat. Ord. Apocynaceae). Preparations Tincture. One part of quebracho to five parts of alcohol. Dose, v ...
Oxycamphor- An artificial product of camphor-ortho-quinon, in which one molecule of hydroxyl (HO) replaces one molecule of hydrogen (H) in the formula for camphor. It is a ...
Yohimbin or Yumbehoa- A member of the Apocynea, growing in equatorial Africa. Composition An alkaloid has been obtained from the bark, by L. Spiegel, who gave it the name yohimbin.
Remedies Used To Modify The Functions Of Organs Of The Gastro-Intestinal Canal. Emetics- Emetics Some of the agents in this group produce vomiting by virtue of a local action on the stomach, and do not affect this viscus when introduced elsewhere.
Cupri Sulphas- This is a very prompt and efficient emetic. The action begins in a few minutes, and the medicine comes up with the vomited matters. Very little depression ...
Zinci Sulphas- This agent acts in a manner similar to the corresponding copper-salt, but is less powerful. It has the advantage of being less likely to induce gastro- ...
Hydrargyri Sulphas Flava- This is one of the most efficient members of this group. It is an active poison, but, as it is returned with the contents of the stomach, no danger attends its ...
Alumen. Powdered Alum- Alumen Powdered alum is a safe, efficient, but slow emetic. About a half-hour usually elapses after it is swallowed before the emesis occurs. It acts ...
Sinapis- Mustard is a stimulant, local emetic. It acts promptly and efficiently. In emergencies, other emetics not being available, it may be employed in narcotic and ...
Systemic Emetics. Apomorphine- Apomorphine Apomorphinae Hydrochloras. Apomorphine hydrochlorate. The hydrochlorate of an artificial alkaloid obtained by the action of strong acids upon ...
Ipecacuanha- Ipecacuanha. The root of Cephaëlis ipecacuanha A. Richard (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). (U. S. P.) Racine d'ipécacuanha, Fr.; Brechwurzel, Ger. Extractum, ...
Antimonii et Potassii Tartras- Antimonium and Potassium Tartrate. Tartar-emetic. This is a powerfully spoliative and depressing emetic, which has already been discussed under the head of ...
Cathartics- Purgatives are divisible into several groups, according to the nature of their action. Laxatives are medicines which stimulate the intestinal movements, ...
Tonic-astringent and Resin-bearing Purgatives- These affect the liver and the glandular appendages of the mucous membrane, and increase the tonicity of the muscular layer of the intestine. They increase the ...
Laxatives. Manna- Manna Manna. Manna. The concrete, saccharine exudation, in flakes, of Fraxinus ornus Linné (Nat. Ord. Oleaceae). Dose, 3 j oz ij, according to age. Composition ...
Sulphur- Sulphur lotum (washed sulphur). Sulphur sublimatum (sublimed sulphur). Washed sulphur only should be used as a laxative. Sublimed sulphur contains a trace of ...
Magnesia- Magnesia. Light magnesia. A white, very light and very fine powder, slowly absorbing carbonic acid from the air, odorless, having an earthy but no saline taste, ...
Fel Bovis. Ox-gall- Fel Bovis Ox-gall Ox-gall. The fresh bile of Bos Taurus Linné (class Mammalia; order, Ruminantia). Description A brownish-green or dark-green, somewhat viscid ...
Rhanmus Purshiana. Cascara Sagrada- Rhanmus Purshiana Cascara Sagrada Cascara Sagrada. The bark of Rhamnus Purshiana De Candolle (Nat. Ord. Rhamnaceae). Extractum Rhamni Purshianae Fluidum Fluid ...
Oleum Ricini. Castor-oil- Oleum Ricini Castor-oil Castor-oil. Huile de ricin, Fr.; Castoröl, Ger. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Ricinus communis Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae).
Saline Purgatives- Many of these have been discussed elsewhere; some of them are no longer employed in medical practice. The sulphate and the citrate of magnesium may be regarded ...
Mercurial Purgatives- As the actions and uses of the mercurial preparations have been sufficiently discussed elsewhere, little need be said in addition as respects their ...
Tonic-Astringent And Resin-Bearing Purgatives. Senna- Senna Senna. The leaflets of Cassia acutifolia Delile (Alexandria senna), and of Cassia elongata Vahl (India senna), (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae, Caesalpinaceae). ( ...
Rheum. Rhubarb- Rheum Rhubarb Rhubarb. The root of Rheum officinale Baillon (Nat. Ord. Polygonaceae). Rhubarbe, Fr.; Rhabarber, Ger. Extractum Rhei Extract of rhubarb. Dose, ...
Aloe- Aloes. The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe Socotrina Lamarck (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). Aloe Purificata Purified aloes. In brittle pieces of a dull-brown ...
Jalapa- Jalap. The tuberous root of Ipomea jalapa Nuttall (Nat. Ord. Convolvulaceae). Racine de jalap, Fr.; Jalape, Ger. Extractum Jalapae Alcoholicum Dose, gr.1/2 gr.
Scammonium. Scammony- Scammonium Scammony Scammony. A resinous exudation from the living root of Convolvulus scammonia Linné (Nat. Ord. Convolvulaceae). (U. S. P.) Scammonée, Fr.; ...
Colocynthis. Colocynth- Colocynthis Colocynth Colocynth. The fruit, deprived of its rind, of Citrul-lus colocynthis Schrader (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae). (U. S. P.) Co-loquinte, Fr.; ...
Podophyllum. May-Apple- Podophyllum May-Apple May-apple. The rhizoma and roots of Podophyllum peltatum Linné (Nat. Ord. Berberidaceae). Resina Podophylli Resin of podophyllum. Dose, ...
Leptandra- Leptandra. The rhizoma and roots of Leptandra virginica Linné (Nat Ord. Scrophulariaceae). Extractum Leptandrae Extract of leptandra. Dose, gr. ij gr. x.
Iris. Blue Flag- Iris Blue Flag Blue flag. The rhizoma and roots of Iris versicolor Linné (Nat. Ord. Iridaceae). Extractum Iridis Extract of iris. Dose, gr. j gr. v. Extractum ...
Euonymus. Wahoo- Euonymus Wahoo Wahoo. The bark of Euonymus atropurpureus Jac-quin (Nat. Ord. Celastraceae). Extractum Euonymi Extract of enonymus. Dose, gr. j gr. v. The ...
Baptisia. Wild Indigo- Baptisia Wild Indigo Wild indigo. The root-bark of Baptisia tinctoria. (Not official.) Preparations corresponding to those of iris and euonymus can be obtained.
Hydragogue Cathartics. Cambogia- Hydragogue Cathartics Cambogia Gamboge. A gum-resin obtained from the Garcinia Hanburii Hooker filius (Nat. Ord. Guttiferae). (U. S. P.) Gomme-gutte, Fr.; ...
Oleum Tiglii. Croton-oil- Oleum Tiglii Croton-oil Croton-oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Croton tiglium Linné (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae). (U. S. P.) Huile de Croton, Fr.; ...
Elaterium- Elaterium. A substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Momordica elaterium, Ecbalium agreste. (Not official.) Con-combre purgatif, Fr.; Springgurke, Ger.
Enemata- An enema is a rectal injection. The capacity of the rectum, it need hardly be stated, varies with the age of the individual. For an infant, half an ounce to an ...
Forms of Enemata- Enema Aloës. Rx Aloës, ij; potassii car-bonat., grs. xv; mucil. amyli vel decoct, hordei, oz x. (B. P.) Enema Magnesii Sulphatis Rx Magnesii sulphat., oz j; ol.
Suppositoria Aloës- (Aloes and cacao-butter.) Each suppository contains about five grains of purified aloes. One of these, introduced into the rectum at night, will generally ...
Anthelmintics- Anthelmintics are remedial agents used to cause the expulsion of parasites from the intestinal canal. Vermifuges are remedies which expel worms; vermicides are ...
Remedies Used For The Expulsion Of Ascarides Lumbricoides. Mucuna- Mucuna Cowhage Cowhage. The hairs of the pods of Mucuna pruriens. This remedy is now rarely if ever used. It is administered in the form of electuary, mixed ...
Santonica- Santonica. The unexpanded flowers of Artemisia pauciflora Weber (Nat. Ord. Composite). (U. S. P.) Semencine, Fr.; Wurmsamen, Ger. Composition Resin, malic acid, ...
Spigelia. Pink-root- Spigelia Pink-root Pink-root. The rhizoma and roots of Spigelia mari-landica Linné (Nat. Ord. Loganiaceae). Extractum Spigeliae Fluidum Fluid extract of ...
Chenopodium. Worm-seed- Chenopodium Worm-seed Worm-seed. The fruit of Chenopodium anthelmin-ticum Linné (Nat. Ord. Chenopodiaeeae). Oleum Chenopodii Oil of worm-seed. Dose, gtt. v gtt.
Remedies Used Against Taeniae- The success of taeniafuges depends largely upon the preliminary treatment. The parasite is imbedded in mucus, its hooklets fixed in the mucous membrane. The ...
Aspidium. Male Fern- Aspidium Male Fern Male fern. The rhizoma of Dryopterisfilix-mas Schott, and of Dryopteris marginalis Asa Gray (Nat. Ord. Filices). (U. S. P.) Fougére male, Fr.
Granatum. Pomegranate- Granatum Pomegranate Pomegranate. The bark of the stem and root of Punica granatum Linné (Nat. Ord. Lythraricae). (U. S. P.) Écorce de ratine de grenadier, Fr.; ...
Cusso. Kousso- Cusso Kousso Kousso. The female inflorescence of Hagenia abyssinica Bruce (Nat. Ord. Rosaceae). (U. S. P.) Brayére anthelminthique, Fr.; Kussoblüthen, Ger.
Kamala- Kamala. The glands and hairs from the capsules of Mallotus Philippinensis Mueller Arg. (Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae). (U. S. P.) Dose, 3 j 3 iij. There are no ...
Pepo. Pumpkin-seed- Pepo Pumpkin-seed Pumpkin-seed. The seed of Cucurbito pepo Linné (Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae). Actions and Uses This is one of the most efficient remedies which ...
Terebinthina. Turpentine- Terebinthina Turpentine Turpentine. A concrete oleo-resin obtained from Pinus palustris Miller, and from other species of Pinus (Nat. Ord. Coniferae). Oleum ...
Turpentine Therapy- Flatulence may be quickly relieved by a few drops (three to five) of turpentine, on a lump of sugar. This remedy is especially indicated in flatulence ...
Terebenum. Terebene- Terebenum Terebene Terebene. A colorless or slightly yellowish thin liquid, having a rather agreeable thyme-like odor, and an aromatic taste. Only slightly ...
Copaiba- Copaiba. The oleo-resin of Copaiba Langsdorfii Des-fontaines, and of other species of Gopaifera (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae, Papilionaceae). Baume de copahu, Fr.; ...
Cubeba- Cubeb. The unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba Linné filices (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae). (U. S. P.) Cubébes, Fr.; Cubeben, Ger. Extractum Cubebae Fluidum Fluid extract of ...
Piper. Pepper- Piper Pepper Black pepper. The unripe berries of Piper nigrum Linné (Nat. Ord. Piperaceae). (U. S. P.) Poivre noir, Fr.; Schwarzer Pfeffer, Ger. Composition ...
Capsicum- Capsicum. The fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum Blume (Nat. Ord. Solanaceae). (U. S. P.) Poivre d'Inde, Fr.; Spanischer Pfeffer, Ger. Composition The acrid, ...
Juniperus. Juniper- Juniperus Juniper Juniper. The fruit of Juniperus communis Linné (Nat. Ord. Coniferae). (U. S. P.) Baies de geniévre,' Fr.; Wach-holderbeeren, Ger. Infusum ...
Pix Liquida- Tar. Oleum Picis Liquidae A volatile oil distilled from tar.
Balsamum Tolutanum- A balsam obtained from Toluifera balsa-mum Linne (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae). Syrupus Tolutanus Dose, 3 ss 3 ij. These preparations are employed internally for ...
Bachu. Buchu- Bachu Buchu Buchu. The leaves of Barosma betulina and of other species of Barosma (Nat. Ord. Rutaceae). (U. S. P.) Feuilles de bucco, Fr.; Bukublatter, Ger.
Uva Ursi- Uva ursi. The leaves of Arctostaphylos uva ursi Sprengel (Nat. Ord. Ericaceae). (IT. S. P.) Feuilles de busserole, Fr.; Bärentraubenblätter, Ger. Extractum ...
Pareira Brava- Pareira Pareira brava. The root of Chondodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pavon (Nat. Ord. Menispermaceae). (U. S. P.) Racine de pareira-brava, Fr.; Grieswurzel, Ger.
Chimaphila. Pipsissewa- Chimaphila Pipsissewa Pipsissewa. The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata Nuttall (Nat. Ord. Ericaceae). Decoctum Chimaphilae Decoction of chimaphila. Dose, oz ss ...
Scoparius. Broom- Scoparius Broom Broom. The tops of Cystisis scoparius Linné (Nat. Ord. Leguminosae). (U. S. P.) Genet d balais, Fr.; Pfriemenkraut, Ger. Composition Scoparius ...
Carota. Carrot-seed- Carota Carrot-seed Carrot-seed. The fruit of Daucus carota. The wild carrot. (Not official.) The seeds of carrot have a hot, pungent, and bitter taste, due to ...
Taraxacum. Dandelion- Taraxacum Dandelion Dandelion. The root, gathered in the autumn, of Taraxacum officinale Weber (Nat. Ord. Compositae). (U. S. P.) Pis-senlit, Fr.; Lö ...
Scilla. Squill- Scilla Squill Squill. The bulb of Urginea maritima (Linne) Baker (Nat. Ord. Liliaceae). (IT. S. P.) Ognon marin, Fr.; Meerzwiebel, Ger. Acetum Scillae Vinegar ...
Petroselinum. Parsley-root- Petroselinum Parsley-root Parsley-root. The root of Petroselinum sativum. (Not official.) Composition The most important constituent of parsley is apiol, an ...
Polygonum Hydropiperoides. Water-pepper- Polygonum Hydropiperoides Water-pepper Water-pepper. This indigenous plant is not recognized by the United States Pharmacopoeia. A fluid extract prepared ...
Ruta. Rue- Ruta Rue Rue. The leaves of Ruta graveolens. (Not official.) Composition. The medicinal activity of this plant depends on the presence of a volatile oil. Only ...
Sabina. Savine- Sabina Savine Savine. The tops of Juniperus sabina Linné (Nat. Ord. Coniferae). Sabine, Fr.; Sabenkraut, Ger. Composition Savine contains an essential oil, in ...
Cantharis. Cantharides- Cantharis Cantharides Cantharides. Cantharis vesicatoria. Cantharide, Fr.; Spanische Fliegen, Ger. Tinctura Cantharidis Tincture of cantharides. Dose, ij xv. ( ...
Urotropin- From uron, urine, and trepo, to change, a proprietary-designation of a remedy intended to remove certain morbid states of the genito-urinary apparatus. It is ...
Part III. II. Topical Remedies. Counter-Irritation. The Theory of Counter-Irritation- The application of counter-irritation as an expedient of therapeutics has never failed of appreciation, how vague soever have been the notions as to its mode ...
Forms Of Counter-Irritants- The remedies employed for the purpose of external irritation are divisible into two groups. 1. Rubefacients; 2. Epispastics. A rubefacient is a remedy which ...
Rubefacients- Sinapis Alba White mustard. The seed of Brassica alba Linné (Nat. Ord. Cruciferae). Sinapis Nigra Black mustard. The seed of Brassica nigra. Charta Sinapis ...
Emplastra- Emplastrum Capsici Capsicum plaster (a resin plaster on which is spread a thin layer of oleo-resin of capsicum). Emplastrum Resinae Resin plaster (resin, lead ...
Liniment- Linimentum Colds Lime liniment (equal parts of lime solution and cotton-seed oil). Linimentum Cantharidis Cantharides liniment (cantharides, 15 parts; ...
Epispastics- Ceratum Cantharidis Cantharides or blistering cerate. Ceratum Extracti Cantharidis Cerate of extract of cantharides. Charta Cantharidis Cantharides-paper.
Firing- By the method of firing, merely rubefacient or vesicating effects are produced. Firing is accomplished by the application of an iron disk provided with a ...
Counter-Irritation Therapy- Various methods of counter-irritation are employed in the treatment of diseases of the abdominal viscera. For the relief of nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, ...
Contraindications of Blisters- The acute stage of an inflammation; pregnancy; scorbutus and purpura; infancy; debility; are conditions rendering their use improper and injurious. The ...
Acupuncture- Needles about three inches in length, and having a red wax, hard-rubber, or metal head, are employed for this purpose. They are introduced by a rapid rotary ...
Baunscheidtismus- This is a form of acupuncture, so named from Baunscheidt, its inventor. The instrument employed consists of a heavy disk, about half an inch in diameter, ...
Aquapuncture- The method of aquapuncture consists in the introduction of water subcutaneously, or into the substance of muscles. A special instrument has been invented for ...
Jequirety- Seed of Abrus precatorius of the Natural Order Legu-wiinosce. Description The name jequirety is a local designation, used by the rude peoples of Brazil to ...
Bloodletting: Venesection, Arteriotomy, Cupping, Leeching- The manner of bleeding, whether by opening a vein or an artery, is a surgical subject, which it is not necessary to consider in this work. Physiological ...
Bleeding by Cups and Leeches- A large number of cups and leeches may produce the systemic effects of a general bleeding. But, as a rule, these applications are intended to withdraw blood ...
Escharotics- The substances belonging to this group are employed for the purpose of destroying the tissues to which they are applied. They differ in their mode of action, ...
Acidum Chromicum- Chromic acid. In deep-red, needle-form crystals, deliquescent, and very soluble in water, forming an orange-red solution. Actions and Uses Chromic acid is an ...
Emollients, Demulcents, And Protective Agents. Glycerinum- Glycerinum Glycerin. A colorless, inodorous, sirupy liquid, of a sweet taste, and having the specific gravity of 1 25. It is soluble in water and in alcohol, ...
Cullodium. Collodion- Cullodium Collodion Collodion. Is a slightly opalescent liquid, of a sirupy consistence. By long standing it deposits a layer of fibrous matter, and becomes ...
Irish and Iceland Moss- Chondrus Chondrus crispus. Irish moss. Cetraria Cetraria Islandica. Iceland moss. Decoctum Cetrariae Decoction of Iceland moss. Composition The principal ...
Acacia. Gum-arabic- Acacia Gum-arabic Gum-arabic. A gummy exudation from Acacia vera, and other species of Acacia. Mucilago Acaciae Mucilage of gum-arabic. Syrupus Acaciae Sirup ...
Linum. Flaxseed- Linum Flaxseed Flaxseed. The seed of Linum usitatissimum. Lini Farina. Flaxseed-meal. Infusum Lini Compositum Compound infusion of flaxseed. (Flaxseed, oz ss; ...
Poultices- Flaxseed-meal, powdered slippery-elm bark, and Indian or corn meal, are most frequently used for the preparation of poultices. Wheat-bread and milk are also ...
Appendix- Equivalents of Weights and Measures From 1 Troy Ounce down. (Continued.)
Clinical Index: A-1 - Abdominal Plethora : Aliment, water-free food, 54 ; laxative diet, 66 ; grape-cure, 55. Cathartics, saline, 749 ; resin-bearing, 753; and hydragogue purgatives, ...
Clinical Index: A-2 - Alcoholism : Bromides, 652, especially for the horrors, in drachm doses. Capsicum, 788, for its stomachic tonic and hypnotic qualities. Chloral, 617, very ...
Clinical Index: A-3. Antidotes - Antidotes : For the Mineral Acid*, 112. Alkalies, soda, lime-water, soap, and protectives, as oil, mucilage, etc. For the systemic depression, alcohol, opium, ...
Clinical Index: A-4 - Antipyretics : Quinine, 204, first in importance, but must be given in full doses. Eucalyptus, 186, useful in chronic malarial poisoning. Digitalis, 511, ...
Clinical Index: B - Bed-sores : Alcohol, 577, a wash to skin. Alum, 337, with tincture of camphor and whites of eggs, a good topical application Bismuth Salicylate, 164. Resorcin, ...
Clinical Index: C-1- Cachexia: Aliment, 67, of first importance. Air, 99. Massage, 102. Oils and Fats, 124, and oil inunctions. Iron, 148, and Chalybeate Waters, 161. Manganese, ...
Clinical Index: C-2 - Chancre. (See Syphilis.) Bromine, 372, Chromic Acid, 815, Nitric Acid, 119, and Acid Nitrate of Mercury, 293, efficient escharotics for the destruction of ...
Clinical Index: C-3- Colica Pictonum : Alum, 335, overcomes the constipation with success; may be given with dilute sulphuric acid. Sulphuric Acid, 118, very dilute in lemonade,' ...
Clinical Index: D- Delirium Tremens : Alcohol, 576, of great utility when assimilation can not proceed without it. Bromides, 652, may cure the preliminary horrors, and succeed in ...
Clinical Index: E - Earache : Opium, 642, in the form of morphine solution, which is usefully combined with atropine. Cocaine, 5 to 10 per cent solution, the most effective remedy, ...
Clinical Index: F - Favus: Cod-liver Oil, 126, locally, and in case of debility, by the stomach. Carbolic Acid, 382, an efficient parasiticide. Naphtol, 416, still more useful.
Clinical Index: G- Gall-Stones. (See Calculi, Biliary.) Gangrene: Bromine, 372, one of the best escharotics in hospital gangrene to arrest morbid action. Chlorine, 371. Chromic ...
Clinical Index: H- Hematemesis: Alum, 337, especially in passive. Lead Acetate, 314, may oe used in all conditions. Iron, 146, as Monsel's solution, one of the most effective ...
Clinical Index: H-2- Heart, Diseases of : Aconite, 714, Veratrum Viride, 719, and Bromides, 651, for overaction and simple hy-pertrophy. Digitalis, 509, in rapid action with low ...
Clinical Index: I- Impetigo : Glycerite of Tannin, 345, an excellent application. Lead Acetate, 315, in solution. Zinc Oxide, 320, dusted over or ointment applied. Quinine, 208, ...
Clinical Index: J-K- Jaundice : Aliment, 55, 59, 63, especially the skim-milk cure, avoidance of fats, etc. Alkalies, 217, and the Alkaline Mineral Waters, 229, Sodium Phosphate, ...
Clinical Index: L- Labor: Anaesthetics, 606 ; Chloral, 618, relieves pain and stops irregular action. Ergot, 502, is administered to hasten labor under suitable conditions, to ...
Clinical Index: M- Malarial Cachexia : Quinine, 204, is the most important remedy. Cinchonidine Salicylate, 206, Cinchonine and its salts, 206, and Chinoidin, 207, other ...
Clinical Index: N-O- N.evi : Chromic Acid, 815, readily destroys with little pain. Galvano-causty, 471, is a good means of removing them. Nitric Acid, 119, is also an efficient ...
Clinical Index: P - Pain. (See Neuralgia.) Opium, 641, in any form, but especially morphine subcutaneously, best of all agents for the relief of pain. Belladonna, 532, especially ...
Clinical Index: P-2- Phosphorus Poisoning : Copper Sulphate, 130, forms insoluble phosphide, and induces active emesis. Turpentine, 130, the acid or French. Transfusion, 130, to ...
Clinical Index: P-3- Pilocarpus, 642, does good when skin is dry and harsh. Galvanism, 470, has special value in cases of neurotic origin. Sulphides, 250, afford relief in bath or ...
Clinical Index: R- Remittent Fever : Quinine, 202, curative in efficient doses. Resorcin, 404, Salicylic Acid, 396, Antipyrin, 412, Acetanilid, 426, and Ben-zoates, 422, come ...
Clinical Index: S - Scabies : Sulphur-Baths, 253, Sulphites and Sulphides, 250, freely and faithfully used, are very effective. Carbolic Acid, 382, locally destroys the parasite, ...
Clinical Index: S-2- Spermatorrhoea : Atropine, 530, Ergot, 501, and Digitalis, 513, when the genitals are relaxed, the erections feeble because of deficient filling of veins of ...
Clinical Index: T - TfiNiiB : The various Tceniafuges, 774 et seq., Resor-cin, 404, and Salicylic Acid, 395, have killed taenia, so that a purgative only was necessary. Chloroform, ...
Clinical Index: U - Ulcers: Nitric Acid, 119, a powerful escharotic, used to destroy unhealthy tissues and change the character of the surface. Potassa Chlorate, 225, in powder, ...
Clinical Index: V - Varicocele and Varicose Veins : Ergot, 504, ergotin injected subcutaneously alongside the enlarged veins, an effective but painful expedient. The injection ...
Clinical Index: W-Y- Whooping-Cough: Atropine, 527, is a good remedy when secretion is profuse, and in the spasmodic stage; decided physiological effects should be produced to have ...