Material. - The block used in the previous exercise. Work. - 1. To adjust the iron of the plane.

2. To plane two adjacent surfaces flat and square.

In adjusting a plane, hold it in the left hand, with the thumb in the throat and pressed against the iron, as in Fig. 1. Look along the sole and note the projection of the iron, as at a, Fig. 2. The iron should be highest in the middle, and gradually curving until it disappears near the edges of the sole, as shown at a, Fig. 3. If it projects too far, strike the plane lightly on the hard start, c, Fig. 1, until it recedes the required amount. If the iron does not project far enough, strike its top, a, Fig. 1. If the iron projects too much on one side, strike the iron near the top on the projecting side. When the iron is properly adjusted, give the wedge a light blow to secure the iron. The block may be fastened in the vise.

Hold the plane straight on the work, the left hand placed in front of the iron, properly, with the thumb on top and the fingers on the side. Stand firmly on the floor, with the right side close up to the bench, behind the block. At the beginning of the stroke, press down with the left hand only; at the finish, remove the left and press with the right. Each shaving should be the entire length of the block.

Examine the cut made by the iron; it may be either too deep or too shallow. If the cut surface is rough (a, Fig. 5), then the plane is working against the grain, and the block must be turned around. If smooth, as in Fig. 6, it is cutting with the grain. If the shavings do not curl in coming out of the throat, examine the position of the end of the cap; for the jack-plane 1/8" to 1/4" back is proper, and for other planes about 1/16" (b, Fig. 5, and c, Fig. 6).

Plane out all the saw marks or weather stains, and examine the surface for flatness and warping, as in Exercise 1. Plane and square the adjacent side, and mark the face-edge.

In planing a warped board, the plane is sometimes pushed obliquely across the board, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 7, until flat, and then finished with straight strokes.