4244. Acetate of Lime

4244.      Acetate of Lime. Neutralize acetic acid with prepared chalk (see No. 1292 (To make Prepared Chalk)), filter the solution, evaporate by a gentle heat, and allow to crystallize.

4245. Chloride of Lime

4245.      Chloride of Lime - called also hypochlorite and oxymuriate of lime, bleaching powder, and chlorinated lime - is seldom, if ever, made on the small scale, as it can be purchased of the large manufacturer of better quality and cheaper than it could possibly be made by the druggist. On the large scale the chlorine is generated in leaden vessels, heated by steam, and the gas, after passing through water, is conveyed by a leaden tube into an apartment built of silicious sandstone, and arranged with shelves or trays, containing fresh-slacked lime, placed one above another about an inch asunder. The process must bo continued for 4 days to produce a good article of chloride of lime. During this time the lime is occasionally agitated by means of iron rakes, the handles of which pass through boxes of lime placed in the walls of the chamber, which act as valves.

4246. Chloride of Calcium

4246.    Chloride of Calcium. Known also as muriate of lime. From the strong affinity this salt has for water, it is much used for drying gases and absorbing the water from ethereal and oily liquids, in organic analyses. For this purpose it is used in the dry state. In its hydrous or crystallized form, it is much used in the preparation of freezing mixtures with snow. In this case, the evaporation need only be conducted so far that the whole becomes a solid mass on removal from the fire. For both this and the last-mentioned use it is reduced to powder. It is also much used as a test for sulphuric acid, with which it produces a white precipitate insoluble in nitric acid; in the rectification of alcohol, and for forming a water-bath with a high boiling point. As a medicine, it has been given in some scrofulous and glandular diseases, and has also been used as a bath in the same cases.

4247. To Prepare Chloride of Calcium

4247.     To Prepare Chloride of Calcium. To hydrochloric acid, diluted with an equal weight of water, add powdered chalk or white marble, in small fragments, until effervescence entirely ceases, and the liquid no longer reddens litmus paper. Filter, evaporate to one-half, and set it aside to crystallize. Then collect the crystals, dry them by pressure between bibulous paper, and keep in a stoppered bottle. The mother-liquid will yield more crystals by further evaporation.

4248. Hyposulphite of Lime

4248.    Hyposulphite of Lime. Slack 5 ounces lime with enough water to make 4 pints, boil up with 10 ounces of flowers of sulphur, and pass into the solution sulphurous acid gas (free from carbonic acid) until it has become colorless. Then filter and evaporate to crystallization, at a temperature not exceeding 140° Fahrenheit. Another way to prepare this salt is to mix 44 ounces (by weight) of a solution of fused chloride of calcium of 1.238 specific gravity, with a warm solution of 25 ounces hyposulphite of soda in 30 ounces water; evaporate to 38 ounces, and pour off, while warm, from the crystals of chloride of sodium; then allow to crystallize, and purify the crystals by re-solution.