The power herein granted is the maximum which may be exercised by the United States; it is not necessary that the United States assume this jurisdiction in full. By the Revised Statutes of the United States2 it is provided that the jurisdiction vested in the courts of the United States, in the following cases and proceedings, shall be exclusive of the courts of the several states:

First. Of all crimes and offenses cognizable under the authority of the United States.

Second. Of all suits for penalties and forfeitures incurred under the laws of the United States.

Third. Of all civil cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; saving to suitors, in all cases, the right of a common law remedy, where the common law is competent to give it.

Fourth. Of all seizures under the laws of the United States, on land or on waters not within admiralty and maritime jurisdiction.

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Fifth. Of all cases arising under the patent right or copyright laws of the United States.

Sixth. Of all matters and proceedings in bankruptcy.

Seventh. Of all controversies of a civil nature, where a State is a party, except between a State and its citizens, or between a State and citizens of other states, or aliens.