Edinburghshire, or Midlothian, a Scottish county, extending 12 miles along the low southern shore of the Firth of Forth. Its greatest length from east to west is 36 miles; its greatest breadth, 24; and its area, 367 sq. m. The surface has a general southward rise to the Pentlands, culminating in Scald Law (1898 feet), and the Moor-foot Hills, whose highest point is Blackhope Scar (2136). Intermediate eminences are Arthur's Seat (822), Blackford Hill (500), Corstorphine Hill (520), Craiglockhart (550), the Braid Hills (698), and the Dalmahoy Crags (800). The streams - Esk, Water of Leith, and Almond - all flow to the Forth, with the exception of Gala Water, which runs to the Tweed. Coal has been largely mined for nearly three centuries; and ironstone, oil-shale, and fireclay are also raised. There are large quarries of sandstone at Craigleith and elsewhere. Agriculture is highly advanced, though only 57 per cent. of the entire area is in cultivation. Near Edinburgh are large market-gardens and sewage-meadows; and on the Esk and the Water of Leith there are paper-mills. The county returns one member to parliament, and contains the parliamentary burghs of Edinburgh, Leith, Portobello, and Musselburgh, besides the police-burghs of Dalkeith, Bonnyrigg, Lasswade, Loanhead, and Penicuik. Pop. (1801) 122,597; (1841) 225,454; (1901) 487,554. Midlothian's four battlefields are Roslin, Pinkie, Carberry Hill, and Rullion Green; its antiquities are the Cat-stane, the Roman remains of Inveresk and Cra-mond, Roslin Chapel, and the castles of Borth-wick, Crichton, Craigmillar, etc. See works by Small (2 vols. 1883), and Miss Warrender (1890).