Kelso, a pleasant market-town of Roxburghshire, 23 miles by rail WSW. of Berwick-on-Tweed and 52 (by road 42) SE. of Edinburgh. It stands on the north bank of the Tweed, here joined by the Teviot, and spanned by Rennie's noble five-arch bridge (1803), 165 yards long. In 1126 David I. translated to 'Calchou' a Tiron-ensian abbey, founded by him at Selkirk seven years before. This, wrecked by the English under Hertford in 1545, is now represented by the stately ruin of its cruciform church, Romanesque and First Pointed in style, with a massive central tower 91 feet high. Across the river, on the peninsula formed by the Teviot, stood the royal castle and town of Roxburgh, demolished in 1460; and 1 mile W. is Floors Castle (1718-1849), the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe. Kelso itself has a town-hall (1816), corn exchange (1856), racecourse, coach-building and other industries, and memories of the 15, Scott, the Ballantynes, and Sir William Fairbairn. Pop. (1851) 4783; (1901) 4008. See works by Haig (1825), Cosmo Innes (1846), and Rutherfurd (1880).