Same - Works Of Necessity Or Charity

In all of the states the statutes expressly except from the prohibition works of necessity or charity, but as to what constitutes a work of necessity or charity the authorities are somewhat conney v. French, 19 N. H. 233; Nihert v. Baghurst, 47 N. J. Eq. 201, 20 Atl. 252; Id. (N. J.) 25 Atl. 474; Calhoun v. Phillips, 87 Ga. 482, 13 S. B. 593; Goss v. Whitney, 27 Vt. 272; Kepner v. Keefer, 6 Watts (Pa.) 231, 31 Am. Dec. 4G0; Smith v. Railway Co., 83 Wis. 271, 50 N. W. 497, 53 N. W. 550: Brazee v. Bryant, 50 Mich. 136, 15 N. W. 49; Durant v. Rhener, 26 Minn. 362, 4 N. W. 610. A notice to a tenant. Cannon v. Ryan, 49 N. J. Law, 314, 8 Atl. 293. Indorsement of note. First Nat. Bank v. Kingsley, 84 Me. Ill, 24 Atl. 794. Selling of soda water by a druggist is "worldly employment." Splane v. Commonwealth (Pa.) 12 Atl. 431. Extension of time of payment of debt. Rush v. Rush (N. J. Ch.) 18 Atl. 221. Casual execution of note is not "labor." Holden v. O'Brien, 86 Minn. 297, 90 N. W. 531. See "Sunday," Dec. Dig. (Key-No.) § 13; Cent. Dig. §§ 86-',-',.

51Birks v. French, 21 Kan. 238; Richmond v. Moore, 107 I11. 429, 47 Am. Rep. 445; Boynton v. Page, 13 Wend. (N. Y.) 425. Contra, Reynolds v. Stevenson, 4 Ind. 619; Link v. Clemmens, 7 Blackf. (Ind.) 479. Sale of tickets by manager of theater, and superintending Sunday performance, is "laboring." Quarles v. State, 55 Ark. 10, 17 S. W. 269, 14 L. R. A. 192. Running excursion steamboat is "worldly employment." Commonwealth v. Rees, 10 Pa. Co. Ct. R. 545. Acknowledgment of debt barred by statute of limitations. Thomas v. Hunter, 29 Md. 406. Athletic games and sports are not within the prohibition against labor. St. Louis Agr. & Mech. Ass'n v. Delano, 37 Mo. App. 284; Id., 108 Mo. 217, 18 S. W. 1101. See "Sunday," Dec. Dig. (Key-No.) § 11; Cent. Dig. §§ 30-34.

52 Hazard v. Day, 14 Allen (Mass.) 487, 92 Am. Dec. 790 (construing the Rhode Island statute); Allen v. Gardner, 7 R. I. 22; Amis v. Kyle, 2 Yerg. (Tenn.) 31, 24 Am. Dec. 463; Sanders v. Johnson, 29 Ga. 526; Mills v. Williams, 16 S. C. 593; Hellams v. Abercrombie, 15 S. C. 110, 40 Am. Rep. 684; Swann v. Swann (C. C.) 21 Fed. 299. See "Sunday," Dec. Dig. (Key-No.) § 11; Cent. Dig. §§ 80S',.

53 Boynton v. Page, 13 Wend. (N. Y.) 425; Batsford v. Every, 44 Barb. (N. Y.) 618. See, also, Ward v. Ward, 75 Minn. 269, 77 N. W. 965. But public exposure and sale of newspapers is within the statute. Smith v. Wilcox, 24 N. Y. 353, 82 Am. Dec. 302. The statute also applies to slot machines automatically vending wares. Cain v. Daly, 74 S. C. 480, 55 S. B. 110. See "Sunday," Dec. Dig. (Key-No.) § 11', Cent. Dig. §§ 30-34.

flicting. As a rule, whatever must be done in order to preserve life or health54 or property,05 and must be done on Sunday if done at all, is a work of necessity.56 If property is in imminent danger,

54 Smith v. Watson, 14 Vt. 332; Aldrich v. Blackstone, 128 Mass. 148. See "Sunday," Deo. Dig. (Key-No.) §7; Cent. Dig. §§ 14,-20.

55 Johnson v. People, 42 I11. App. 594 (reaping field of grain); Whitcomb v. Gilman, 35 Vt 297; Pannelee v. Wilks, 22 Barb. (N. Y.) 539; State v. McBee, 52 W. Va. 257, 43 S. E. 121, 60 L R. A. 638. See "Sunday," Dec. Dig. (Key-No.) § 7; Cent. Dig. §§ 14-20.

56 "By the word 'necessity' in the exception we are not to understand a physical and absolute necessity; but a moral fitness or propriety of the work and labor done, under the circumstances of any particular case, may well be deemed necessity within the statute." Flagg v. Inhabitants, 4 Cush. (Mass.) 243. And see Burns v. Moore, 76 Ala. 339. 52 Am. Rep. 332. The following contracts have been held to be within the exceptions: Contract securing indemnity from an absconding debtor pursued and overtaken on Sunday. Hooper v. Edwards, 18 Ala. 280. Repairing railroad tracks. Yonoski v. State, 79 Ind. 393, 41 Am. Rep. 614. Bail bond. Hammons v. State, 59 Ala. 164, 31 Am. Rep. 13. Repairing defect In highway. Flagg v. Inhabitants, supra. Shoeing horses used in carrying mail. Nelson v. State, 25 Tex. App. 599, 8 S. W. 927. Loading vessel where there is danger of navigation closing. McGatrick v. Wason, 4 Ohio St. 566. Pumping oil well; whether a work of necessity is a question of fact Commonwealth v. Gillespie, 146 Pa. 546, 23 Atl. 393. Transportation of cattle by a railroad company, so that it cannot excuse itself for delay on the ground that the delay was on Sunday. Philadelphia, W. & B. R. Co. v. Lehman, 56 Md. 209, 40 Am. Rep. 415. Riding for exercise. Sullivan v. Railroad Co., 82 Me. 196, 19 Atl. 169, 8 L. R. A. 427. Telegram from husband to wife explaining absence. Burnett v. Telegraph Co., 39 Mo. App. 599. Telegram to physician. W. U. Tel. Co. v. Griffin, 1 Ind. App. 46, 27 N. E. 113. Telegram announcing death of father. W. U. Tel. Co. v. Wilson, 93 Ala. 32, 9 South. 414, 30 Am. St Rep. 23. Transaction of business by benefit association. Pepin v. Society 24 R. I. 550, 54 Atl. 47, 60 L. R. A. 626. The following have been held not within the exception: Note given to procure discharge of person arrested on charge of bastardy. Shippy v. Eastwood, 9 Ala. 198. Telegram respecting ordinary business affairs. W. U. Tel. Co. v. Yopst (Ind.) 11 N. E. 16. Gathering a crop. Com. v. White, 190 Mass. 578, 77 N. E. 636. Publication and sale of newspaper. HANDY v. ST. PAUL GLOBE PUB. CO., 41 Minn. 188, 42 N. W. 872, 4 L. R. A. 466,16 Am. St. Rep. 695, Throckmorton Cas. Contracts, 227; Commonwealth v. Matthews, 12 Pa. Co. Ct R. 149, 22 Pittsb. Leg. J. (N. S.) 309; Id., 152 Pa. 166, 25 Atl. 548, 18 L. R. A. 761. Ordinary sales or deliveries of ice or fresh meat State v. James, 81 S. C. 197, 62 S. E. 214, 18 L. R. A. (N. S.) 617, 128 Am. St Rep. 902, 16 Ann. Cas. 277; Arnheiter v. State, 115 Ga. 572, 41 S. E. 989, 58 L. R. A. 392. Shaving and cutting or dressing hair by a barber. Phillips v. Innes, 4 Clark & F. 234; State v. Schuler (Ohio) 23 Wkly. Law But. 450; State v. Sopher, 25 Utah, 318, 71 Pac. 482, 60 L. R. A. 468, 95 Am. St. Rep. 845. But see, contra, Ungericht v. State, 119 Ind. 379, 21 N. E. 1082, 12 Am. St Rep. 419; Stone v. Graves, 145 Mass. 353, 13 N. E. 906. Sale of meat by butcher. Tobacco is not within exception allowing sale of "drugs or medicines, provisions, or other articles of immediate necessity." State v. Ohmer, 34 Mo. App. 115. See "Sunday," Deo. Dig. (Key-No.) § 7; Vent. Dig. §§ 14-20.

work may be done on Sunday to save it. If, however, the work is only to prevent loss on a secular day, as where a mill wheel is cleaned on Sunday because to do so on another day will make it necessary to shut down and stop work for the purpose, it is not a work of necessity.67 Nor is it sufficient to make a work one of necessity that it is profitable to those engaged in it and that it serves the convenience or tastes or wishes of the public generally.58 Any act connected with religious worship,59 or for the relief of suffering or distress,60 is an act of charity, and may be performed on Sunday.