Attention should be given to the breasts during the period of pregnancy, as by this means much trouble and inconvenience may be avoided after childbirth. They should be carefully protected from the pressure of tight clothing, and if painful may be soothed by means of anodyne liniments. When the nipples are sunken and retracted, they should be frequently drawn out by means of a breast-pump. When the skin of the nipple and of the breast in the immediate vicinity is tender, it may be hardened by applying twice a day a strong solution of alum or borax in whisky, or a solution of sulphate of zinc in the proportion of five grains to the ounce of water.