I except from these terms institutions belonging to Government, because "it is to be expected that Government will, for a licence to use the invention "for Government purposes, and particularly in the army and navy, voluntarily "offer a compensation in some degree commensurate with the merit and value "of the invention.

It is not my intention to grant licences to any individuals, except to duly "qualified surgeons and physicians, and to dentists solely for dental uses ; and "1 desire that no surgeon or physician shall be excluded from the use of the "invention, by reason of the amount of tax demanded.

I therefore give further notice, that I will grant to any surgeon or physician, "not being a professional dentist, a licence to use the invention in his private "and personal practice, in the county in which he resides, for the sum of One "Guinea per annum, or of Five Guineas for seven years, or of Eight Guineas "for the whole term of the Patent, time to commence from January 1st, 1847.

A charge of One Guinea only will be made to all Licencees, corporate or "private, for the legal conveyance of rights; and for the protection of "Licencees as well as of the Patent, all Licencees will be required to furnish "themselves with apparatus from agents of sale to be specially appointed, so "soon as such agents shall be ready to supply apparatus needed.

I have adopted this scale of low charges for the purpose of bringing the "question of liberality or illiberality to a prompt and decisive test. Should the "advances herein made not be met in a similar spirit, a different policy will be "pursued, and the advantages now tendered will be withdrawn. "James A. Dorr, "Agent for the Proprietors of the Patent."

Is it not monstrous that Drs. Morton and Jackson, the proprietors of the patent, through their agent Mr. Dorr, should have committed such an act; where is the philosophical, scientific spirit which should have instigated them, had they been original discoverers?

The "great discovery" is made a trading affair, and is commenced by being thus heralded to the world, and trafficking on the ills and aches of our common nature. The very fact of taking out a patent in the United States, Great Britain, France, and other countries, advertising in all the newspapers, shows most conclusively that Drs. Jackson and Morton were merely prompted by sordid mercenary motives. The idea of these "Discoverers" selling licences, one guinea per annum, or five guineas for seven years, and eight guineas for fourteen years, the whole term of the patent, from each medical man! This would have yielded a splendid income, even from London alone, which numbers several thousand medical practitioners.

The moment the news arrived in December, 1846, that a patent had been applied for, the author of this pamphlet, knowing himself to be the original discoverer, gave it at once, without hesitation to the public, never dreaming of making a speculation of anaesthesia. - Vide original letter page 16.

Copy of the Copyright of "Psychography."

(L S) Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit. Be it remembered that on the first day of June, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and forty three, Robert H. Collyer, M.D., of this district, has deposited in this office a book, the title of which is in the words following, to wit: Psychography or the Embodiment of Thought, The right whereof he claims as author in conformity with an Act of Congress entitled: An Act to amend the several Acts respecting

Copyrights.

Ira Hopkinson,

Clerk of the District. 1843, June 2nd, Copy of work deposited.

J. Benohend.

The Hon. Truman Smith says, " It is not at all improbable, that had Wells "lived and had the boldness to follow up his early successful experiments, "chloroform and ether would never have been thought of as an anaesthetic."

Then Mr. Smith admits that Wells did not follow up his early successful experiments, nor did he use ether. Had these early experiments of January, 1845, been successful, he would have followed them up. It was the want of success which caused him to abandon them.

It is also very evident that neither Dr. Charles T. Jackson nor his conjoint patentee knew anything of the physiology of anaesthesia, or they would not have used such language in their patent as, "There is very little or very nearly an entire absence of pain.....With any or very little pain, or giving the patient any apparent or real pain, or so little in comparison to that produced in the usual process of conducting surgical operations, as to be scarcely noticeable."

I might have expected from such a man as Dr. Charles T. Jackson (who from his own account had produced unconsciousness years before in strict privacy), a more philosophical explanation. The truth is, neither Jackson nor Morton at this date had the least idea of producing a state of anaesthesia, as is now understood; for in their patent they also say, "We sometimes combine a narcotic pre"paration, such as opium or morphine, with the ether. This may be done by "any ways known to chemists, by which a combination of etheric and narcotic "vapours may be produced." Immortal Jackson! you really ought to have given the formulae of these mysterious combinations.

Review of the "Lancet's" Article, of June 11th, 1870, "History of Anaesthetic Discovery."

When it is remembered that even in 1839 the medical profession considered the sufferance of pain as a necessary and even beneficial accompaniment to surgical operations, it is not surprising that my early investigations received no encouragement from the profession. One of the most eminent French surgeons,

Velpeau, says, in 1839:- "To do away with pain in surgical operations is a "visionary impossibility, which is now not permitted to be thought of; the cutting "instrument and pain in surgical operations are two things which cannot be pre"sented to the mind of the patient one without the other, and we are obliged to "admit the necessary association - i.e.t pain and surgical operations."