The oil of valerian contains bornyl isovalerate, which is not so disagreeable in odor as is valerian and is better tolerated by the stomach. The esters act as do valerian. They follow:

Amyl Valerate has the antispasmodic element accentuated and it is employed to relieve biliary colic, 15 minims in capsules 3 times a day; or 3 to 6 minims every half hour for transient use.

Bromural is a salt of urea and isovaleryl bromide; it is a nerve sedative in 5-grain doses three times a day, and induces sleep in functional nervous disorders, 10 grains being given when retiring and repeated once in the night, if necessary.

Brovalol is bornyl brom-valerate; it contains 25% bromine. It is used as is valerian and comes in 4-grain pearls, one to three pearls being given at a dose and repeated several times a day.

Validol is menthyl valerate, and contains 30% of free menthol. Its action is that of valerian. From 10 to 15 drops on sugar is the usual dosage. Validol Camphoratum is a 10% solution of camphor in validol. It has the combined action of the two drugs, and the dose is 10 to 15 drops on sugar.

Valyl is a compound of valeric acid and diethyl-amine; its action is that of valerian, and it is supplied in 2-grain pearls, the dose being 2 or 3 after meals.

The "Borneol" valerates are another class; they are as follows:

New-Bornyval, borneol isovaleryl glycolate. It passes the stomach undecomposed, and hence it is not irritating. Used in the neuroses, as is valerian.

The dose is from 4 to 12 minims, in milk or coffee, after meals.

Gynoval, the isovaleric acid ester of isoborneol, is used as is oil of valerian. It comes in 4-grain pearls, one or two being given after meals. Larger doses may be given safely and with little disturbance.